“We must not sacrifice our future for a

momentary pleasure.”

Canine and Feline

Vaccines do not produce immunity in 100% of population• Should decrease severity

Protection of 70% of population sufficient if communicability is low

In general practice, 1 vaccine break constitutes a failure

Illness Fever Vaccine reaction from prior vaccine Medical therapy Age: In < 5 wks. MLV can cause disease Pregnancy, whelping, queening

• modified-live virus vaccines can lead to birth defects or abortions

Problems• hypertrophic osteodystrophy and juvenile cellulitis -

modified-live virus distemper vaccine in Weimaraners • vaccine-associated sarcomas in cats : FeLV and Rabies

MLV• Strong, long-lasting

immune response that is achieved with fewer doses

• Adjuvants are not as necessary

• Quicker immune respones

• Less chance of allergic reactions

• After it is mixed only effective 1 hour

KILLED (inactivated)• More stable in storage• Unlikely to contain

contaminating pathogens

• Unlikely to cause disease due to residual disease-causing characteristics

• Produce little to no cellular and mucosal immunity

NO VACCINE IS 100% EFFECTIVE!

Chemicals, microbial components, or mammalian proteins

Enhances the immune response to vaccine antigens

Aluminum gels/ salts

Severity of disease Transmissibility Zoonotic potential Recommended by AAHA

(American Animal Health Association)

Those vaccines that every puppy should receive; identified by vaccine experts such as the AAHA Canine Task Force•CORE VACCINES FOR CANINES INCLUDE:Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) Canine Distemper virus (CDV) rCDV: Recombinat

Canine Adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2): DAPP/DHPP

CAV-2 protects against both 1 & 2 CAV-1 causes Infectious Canine Heaptitis No CAV-1 vaccine because of anterior uveitis

Rabies virus (RV)• Killed vaccine• State/provincial/local laws

Begin: 6-9 weeks of age• Do not give vaccines earlier than 5-6 weeks

*remember maternal antibody interference Frequency: q 2-4 weeks

• May vary according to risk, vaccine End: at least one dose should be

given at age 14-16 weeks of age or older

Revaccination: at 1 year of age or 1 year after the last puppy vaccination

• Rabies vaccine is initially given at 12 wks of age– Does not need to be

boostered in 2-4 weeks, but rather within 12 months. Each subsequent rabies vaccine should be given q 3yrs.

– Rabies vaccine is the only canine vaccine requiring a minimum duration of immunity study and labeled as 1 yr or 3 yr. by the USDA.

The minimum duration of immunity for the core vaccines (except rabies) is at least 5-7 yrs. (after initial puppy set of vxns)• based on challenge and/or antibody titers

you can even have this done in your own pets to determine his/her immunity level against a particular disease.

Today, a 3 yr revaccination program has been recommended in the AAHA Canine Vaccination Guidelines for dogs and the American Association of Feline Practitioners Guidelines for cats

Following the vaccine label Veterinarians resistant to change Fear that not revaccinating will cause

the animal to become susceptible soon after one year.

Compliance with boarding kennel rules

Optional or non-core vaccines should only be given to animals that need them and only as often as needed!• Potential problems: duration of immunity is

not known, the efficacy is limited or not known

EX: Leptospirosis, Bordetella, Canine Influenza, Lyme disease, Canine coronavirus, Giardia (AAHA Guidelines do not recommend coronavirus or giardia vaccines unless they can be proven to be beneficial for a certain animal)

• New vaccines: snakebites (Crotalus sp. Toxoid, western diamonback rattlesnake), periodontal disease (porphyromonas sp.), as well as a therapeutic vaccine for treatment of canine melanomas.

*VACCINES MUST BE TAILORED TO THE INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL

-Older/younger animal vs. adult- bacterial vaccine vs. viral vaccine

– Geographic area

Begin: 8-10 weeks of age Frequency: q 2-4 weeks End: last dose at 14-16 weeks of age

Feline parvovirus (panleukopenia) Feline calicivirus Feline herpes virus (viral

rhinotracheitis) Rabies virus

• Given at 12-16 weeks of age FVRCP

FeLV (feline leukemia) FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus) Chlamydia Feline coronavirus (FIP): Reduce cs

but not prevent disease Feline Giardia Bordetella bronchiseptica Feline systemic calicivirus

• May I use smaller vaccine dose in small breeds to reduce the risk of adverse reactions?– NO- the volume (1.0ml) as recommended

by the manufacturer generally represents the minimum immunizing dose• This means that a Great Dane should receive the

same amount of vaccine as a Chihuahua

May I vaccinate pregnant pets?• It is best to avoid this. Risk to the fetuses is

a concern. Assess risk vs. benefit• Feline parvovirus cerebellar hypoplasia in

utero kitten

May I vaccinate a patient while under anesthesia?• It is best not to do this. The patient may

develop a hypersensitivity reaction that may be harder to recognize under anesthesia and may be more difficult to treat. Risk of vomiting and aspiration is higher.

May I inject a modified live intranasal Bordetella vaccine?• NO- the vaccine can cause a severe local

reaction and may even result in death (liver failure)

• Intranasal vaccines are effective against respiratory disease, form immunoglobulin A which produces quick local immunity

May I administer a modified live SQ feline FVRCP oronasally? NO• Upper respiratory infection can result• spilled on the cat's fur, and the cat licks up

the spilled vaccine Clean off the fur with alcohol use dilute bleach for spills in the environment contact the manufacturer and begin supportive

treatment, if warranted

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