wearable computing · 2018-03-29 · wearable computing alexander nelson march 28th, 2018...
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Wearable Computing
Alexander Nelson
March 28th, 2018
University of Arkansas - Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering
Wearable Computing
Wearable Computing – Body-borne computers
Computers worn under, with, or on top of clothing
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History of Wearable
Wristwatch – 1530
Ring Abacus – 1600s Claude Shannon Roulette – 1961 2
History of Wearable
More notable events:
• 1970 – Pocket calculators
• 1977 – HP Calculator Watch
• 1977 – CC Collins wearable camera-to-tactile vest for the blind
• 1979 – Sony Walkman
• 1990 – Olivetti Active Badge
• 1993 – Thad Starner wearable computer – becomes the Lizzy
• 1997 – Creation/Pentland Smart Clothes Fashion Show
More at https://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/timeline.html
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Form Factors
Wearable computers are typically:
• Wrist Mounted – e.g. Watches
• Head Mounted – e.g. Helmet, Earphones, Glasses
• Worn from Neck – e.g. Necklace
• Strapped to arm/leg – e.g. Smartphone exercise band, pipboy
• Part of clothing – e.g. Integrated into fabrics, Belt, Shoe,
etc...
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Applications of Wearables
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Application Specific vs. General Purpose
Application Specific – Wearable meant to perform a single task
General Purpose – Wearable able to perform many different tasks
Why have wearables been application specific until recently?
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Function determines Form
Some interaction patterns can only occur at specific body locations
Examples:
• Wrist-mounted accelerometer activity monitor is more
accurate than pocket-borne
• Heads-up-display must be head-mounted
• Pulse meter must have skin contact
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Form determines Function
The form of a wearable can similarly determine the function
What interactions are possible given a certain form?
How do users expect to interact with a system based on its form?
Perceptual expectation of wearable computing to conform to
analogues based on location
e.g. Look at watch, glasses record video
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Resource Constraints
The form of a wearable greatly determines the available resources
Example: Apple Watch Series 3
• Sensors – Accel/Gyro/HR/Barometer
• Actuators - Haptic, Speaker
• Communications – WiFi, Bluetooth, Cellular
• Displays – 39mm LCD screen
• Storage – 16GB Flash, 728MB RAM
• Computation – Apple S3 processor (>780MHz dual-core)
• Power – 1.07 Watt hours – “Up to 18 hours”
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Available Development Tools
No good commercial development kits for general purpose
wearables until Android/Apple Watches
Research Kits:
• MIT Lizzy (Head mounted 1997) –
https://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/lizzy/
• MIT MIThril (Vest 2003) –
https://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/mithril/
• Hexiwear (2016 Watch) – Open source smartwatch kit
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