weather scott handel national oceanic and atmospheric administration photo: courtesy noaa
TRANSCRIPT
WeatherWeather
SCOTT HANDEL
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Photo: Courtesy NOAA
Why Become A Meteorologist?Why Become A Meteorologist?
Weather Affects Everyone!Being Able to Predict the Weather Saves
Lives!!!
OutlineOutline
• Clouds
• Thunderstorms
• Hail/Lightning
• Tornadoes
• Hurricanes
• Tsunamis (Time Permitting)
Types of CloudsTypes of Clouds
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Cumulus
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Stratus
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Cirrus
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Stratus(Fog)
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Name That CloudName That Cloud
Cumulonimbus
Thunderstorm FormationThunderstorm Formation
How do Clouds Form?How do Clouds Form?
HailHail
How does Hail Form?How does Hail Form?
Strong updrafts of warm air and down-drafts of cold air are in a thunderstorm. If a water droplet is picked up by the updrafts...it can be carried well above the freezing level. With temperatures below 32°F...our water droplet freezes. As the frozen droplet begins to fall...carried by cold downdrafts...it may thaw as it moves into warmer air toward the bottom of the thunderstorm But...it may also get picked up again by another updraft...carrying it back into very cold air and re-freezing it. With each trip above and below the freezing level our frozen droplet adds another layer of ice. Finally...our frozen water droplet...with many layers of ice - much like the rings in a tree...falls to the ground - as hail!
What can hail do?What can hail do?
LightningLightning
How Lightning FormsHow Lightning Forms
The connection is made and the protons rush up to meet the electrons. It is at that point that we see lightning and hear thunder. A bolt of lightning heats the air along its path causing it to expand rapidly. Thunder is the sound caused by rapidly expanding air.
TornadoesTornadoes
What is a tornado?
"a violently rotating column of air, pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, and often (but not always) visible as a funnel cloud."
WHERE DO TORNADOES FORM?WHERE DO TORNADOES FORM?
WHY DO TORNADOES LIKE WHY DO TORNADOES LIKE THE CENTRAL U.S.?THE CENTRAL U.S.?
HOW DO TORNADOES FORM?HOW DO TORNADOES FORM?
Are Winds Faster In the Strongest Are Winds Faster In the Strongest Hurricane or In the Strongest Hurricane or In the Strongest
Tornado?Tornado?
Fujita Tornado Damage ScaleFujita Tornado Damage Scale
ScaleScale Wind Estimate Wind Estimate (MPH)(MPH)
Typical DamageTypical Damage
F0F0 < 73< 73 Light – Some damage to chimneys, branches Light – Some damage to chimneys, branches broken, signs damaged.broken, signs damaged.
F1F1 73-11273-112 Moderate – Peels surface off roofs; mobile Moderate – Peels surface off roofs; mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned.homes pushed off foundations or overturned.
F2F2 113-157113-157 Considerable – Roofs torn off frame houses, Considerable – Roofs torn off frame houses, mobile homes demolished, large trees snappedmobile homes demolished, large trees snapped
F3F3 158-206158-206 Severe – Roofs and some walls torn off well Severe – Roofs and some walls torn off well constructed homes, trains overturnedconstructed homes, trains overturned
F4F4 207-260207-260 Devastating – Well-constructed homes leveled; Devastating – Well-constructed homes leveled; cars thrown and large missiles generatedcars thrown and large missiles generated
F5F5 261-318261-318 Incredible – Strong frame houses leveled off Incredible – Strong frame houses leveled off foundation and swept away, trees debarkedfoundation and swept away, trees debarked
F0 DamageF0 Damage
F1 DamageF1 Damage
F2 DamageF2 Damage
F3 DamageF3 Damage
F4 DamageF4 Damage
F5 DamageF5 Damage
Tornado EmbedsTornado Embeds
Tornado EmbedsTornado Embeds
Tornado EmbedsTornado Embeds
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F2
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F4
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F1
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F2
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F4
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F3
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F5
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F2
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
Rate the TornadoRate the Tornado
F2
HURRICANES!HURRICANES!…An overview of tropical cyclones…An overview of tropical cyclones
Princeton UniversityQuest Science Workshop
July, 2007
Where do hurricanes form?
When do hurricanes form?
How Do Hurricanes Form?How Do Hurricanes Form?3. Having lost most of its heat and energy, the air is now expelled outward away from the center of the storm in the cooler hurricane outflow at high levels.
In mature hurricanes, an eye forms in the center. Here, the air is descending and the region is generally cloud-free.
2. The warm, moist air rises in thunderstorms surrounding the eye, supplying the fuel that helps strengthen the storm and intensify the winds.
1. As air rushes into the hurricane’s low pressure center, the air picks up heat and moisture (fuel) from the warm ocean surface.
H HL
What causes the winds to rotate around What causes the winds to rotate around a hurricane?a hurricane?
H
H H
H
L
The Coriolis Effect:
Saffir Simpson ScaleSaffir Simpson Scale
Wind Damage examplesWind Damage examples
A 1x4 board of wood was pierced through a palm tree by Hurricane Andrew’s winds in August, 1992.
A mobile home park near Miami, FL was completely destroyed by Hurricane Andrew in August, 1992.
An historic home along the Gulf Coast before and after the passage of Category 5 Hurricane Camille in August, 1969.
Storm SurgeStorm Surge
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
Hurricane Katrina (2005)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Tuckerton, New Jersey(US Coast Guard/Getty Images)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)New York City(Andrew Burton/Getty Images)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Queens, New York(Keith Bedford/Reuters)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Hoboken, New Jersey(Charles Sykes/AP)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Bellport, New York(Lucas Jackson/Reuters)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Belington, West Virginia(Robert Ray/AP)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Santiago de Cuba, Cuba(Desmond Boylan/Reuters)
Hurricane Sandy (2012)Santo Domingo, Dominican RepublicRicardo Rojas/Reuters
http://www.archive.org/details/AH-Tsunamis_-_Know_What_to_Do
http://www.archive.org/details/tsunami_koh_lanta_thailand
http://www.archive.org/details/tsunami_penang_beach