weathering, erosion & soils weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Weathering, Erosion & Soils
Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or
near the Earth's surface.
![Page 2: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Weathering may be mechanical or chemical
• Mechanical weathering is the physical abrasion due to the action of:– Water (Streams, Rivers and Surf)– Ice (Frost, Snow, Glaciers)– Wind
• Chemical weathering is the chemical reaction of minerals with the water and oxygen of our atmosphere.
![Page 4: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mechanical Weathering• Mechanical Action of Streams and Rivers
![Page 5: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mechanical Weathering• By the Action of Ice
![Page 6: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mechanical Weathering• By the action of Wind
![Page 7: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Chemical weathering
• By oxidation, hydration, or biological activity
![Page 8: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Chemical Weathering:Exfoliation
![Page 9: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Chemical Weathering
• Increases with Temperature• Increases with Moisture (Rainfall)• Increases with Acidity• Decreases with Silica Polymerization
(Bowen’s Reaction Series)
![Page 10: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Chemical Weathering of Igneous Rock Minerals
• Oxides > Hydroxides• Ferromags > Mg-Fe Clay• Feldspar > Al-Clay + Na+ + K+ + Ca++
• Mica > Al-Fe Clay + Na+ + K+ + Ca++ • Quartz > Quartz Sand
![Page 11: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Erosion and Transport
• Erosion is the reduction of exposed landforms.• Transport is the movement of eroded material
down slope.• Transport by water sorts the particles by size.• Because different minerals dominate different
size fractions, the deposited material differs from the parent rock in mineralogy and chemistry.
![Page 12: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Weathering Products Are Sorted by Size
• Coarse particles require moving water or wind– Rock grains: Pebbles, Cobbles, Boulders– Quartz: Pebbles and Sand
• Fine particles require standing water.– Clays Very fine (<10 mm)
• Dissolved ions require evaporation– Na+ + K+ + Ca++ Dissolved
![Page 13: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Depositional Environments
![Page 14: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SoilsSoils• A regolith is any accumulation of fine rock
material on a planetary surface. • A soil is the accumulation of weathered rock
material together with organic matter.• A pedocal is a dry-climate soil containing
soluble calcium minerals (calcite).• A pedalfer is a humid-climate soil rich in Al
and Fe. • A laterite is an extreme pedalfer in tropical
climates.
![Page 15: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Soil Types
![Page 16: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Laterites are Tropical Soils
![Page 17: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Soil Changes in US
![Page 18: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Acid Rain
• Results from burning of sulfur-rich fossil fuels (mainly coal).
• Is mainly a problem in humid temperate climates (NE US, Europe).
![Page 20: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Acid Mine Drainage
• Results from oxidation of sulfide minerals (pyrite) in unsaturated rock.
• 2FeS2 +7H2O + 2O2 > 2Fe(OH)3 + 4H2SO4
• Pyrite + water + oxygen > limonite + sulfuric acid
• Big Problem in CO
![Page 21: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Acid Mine Drainage
![Page 22: Weathering, Erosion & Soils Weathering is the the breakdown of solid rock at or near the Earth's surface](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eea5503460f94bfb823/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Weathering Terms
• Chemical weathering• Mechanical weathering• Spheroidal weathering• Pedocal• Pedalfer• Laterite• Bauxite• Hydration• Oxidation
• Exfoliation• Erosion• Soil• Regolith• Humus• Acid mine
drainage