weathering, soil, and mass wasting chapter 4: guided notes 1.print out in note form with 3 or 4 to a...
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Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting
Chapter 4:Guided Notes
1. Print out in note form with 3 or 4 to a page. Do this by downloading PowerPoint, opening it, clicking on File, clicking on Print, clicking on Print What Handouts 3 to a page or 4 to a page (on a mac first click on
pull down menu that gives option of powerpoint )2. Use to guide your notes as you read, fill in and answer questions and
add your own notes in the margins
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Earth's external processes
Weathering – ____________________
__________________________Mass wasting – the transfer of rock
material downslope under the influence of gravity
Erosion – the incorporation and trans-portation of material by _____________________________
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Weathering
Two kinds of weathering • Mechanical weathering
• definition _____________________• Processes of mechanical weathering
• ________ wedging:
• Unloading:• ____________ activity:
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Explain this process
Figure 4.3
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Explain this process
Figure 4.4 B
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Weathering
Two kinds of weathering • Chemical weathering
• Definition: ________________________________________________________ • Most important agent is___________
• Oxygen dissolved in water __________materials • Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in water forms
_____________and alters the material
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Weathering
Two kinds of weathering • Chemical weathering
• Weathering of granite• Weathering of potassium feldspar
produces_____________, soluble salt (potassium bicarbonate), and silica in solution
• _________remains substantially unaltered• Weathering of silicate minerals produces insoluble iron
oxides and clay minerals
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Rates of weathering
Advanced mechanical weathering aids chemical weathering by________ ______________________
Important factors • Rock characteristics
• Mineral composition and solubility, as solubility increases, rate of weathering _______________
• Physical features such as joints: as jointing increases, rate of weathering _________
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Explain
Figure 4.2
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Rates of weathering
Important factors • Climate
• ___________ and __________are the most crucial factors • Chemical weathering is most effective in areas
of____________________• Mechanical weathering is most effective in areas of
______________________
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Rates of weathering
Differential weathering • Caused by variations
in___________________• Creates unusual and spectacular
___________________________________ for example: ________________
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Explain this picture in terms of weathering
Figure 4.7 A
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Soil
An interface in the Earth system: explain:
Soil is a combination of ______________,
______________, _______________, &_______________
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What is this a pie chart of?
Figure 4.12
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Soil
Soil texture and structure • Texture refers to the proportions of different particle
sizes • Sand (large size) • Silt
• ________(a mixture of all three sizes) is best suited for plant life
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What is the name of a soil with 30% clay, 40% sand, 30% Silt?
Figure 4.13