WebofThings

CounteringFragmentationtounlockthepotentialoftheIoT

DaveRaggett<dsr@w3.org>W3CStaffChampionfortheWebofThings

InternetofThings(IoT)• “IoT”coinedbyKevinAshton

in1999• Generallyusedforsensors

andactuatorsthatareconnectedinsomewaytotheInternet

• Sensingandcontrollingphysicalthingsinconjunctionwithotherdata

• Enablingcollectionofvastamountsofdata

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IoT Applications

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SmartHomes Wearables

Power&Environment SmartCities

Healthcare

Manufacturing

Andmanymanymoreapplicationareas

SomeIoT Benefits– Predictivemaintenance,e.g.forrailwaynetworks,power

stations,manufacturers,etc.• Reduceddowntime,enablingmassivesavings• Reducedmaintenancecostscomparedtofixedschedule• Alsovaluableforconsumers,e.g.cars,washingmachines,etc.

– Analyticsforcostsavingsandenhancedcustomerexperience• Designimprovementsbaseduponstatisticsofuse

– Betterassetutilizationformanufacturinglines• Purchasingandinvestmenttiedtoaccuratedatameasurements• Switchingfrommassproductiontomasscustomization

– Assistivelivingforpeoplewithphysicalorcognitiveimpairments

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Data=ImprovementsinWellbeing

• Aspeoplelivelonger,IoT sensorscanhelptoimprovetheirqualityoflive,andreducecostsofhealthcare,freeingmoneyforotherpurposes

• Anonymousdataminingofhealthcarerecordscanimproveeffectivenessofmedicationandenablethedevelopmentofnewtreatments

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Data=Money• Goodqualitydatacanbe

monetized– Everyonecarrieslocation

sensors(smartphones)– Anonymousdata

collection– Driverslovelivetraffic

data– Plannersneedtrafficdata

forallkindsofpurposes

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ManagingDataAssets• Ratherthanhoardingdata,

companiescanseekafinancialreturnontheirdataassets

• Eitherbylicensinguseoftheirdatafordirectusebyothers

• Orbyprovidingaservicethatotherscanmakeuseof

• Note:Regulatoryimplicationsformonopolycontroloverdatacriticaltosociety

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IoT Landscape

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ManyStandardsOrganizations

9Source: AIOTI WG3 (IoT Standardisation) – Release 2.6

Service&App

B2C(e.g., Consumer Market)

B2B(e.g., Industrial Internet Market)

Connectivity

AIOTI

Open Automotive Alliance

NB-IoTForum

NB-IoTForum

(Technology&MarketingDimensions)

TheIoT isFragmented*• Lotsofincompatibleplatforms,

standardsandtechnologies– Evenwhenusingthesameprotocols

• E.g.OCFandoneM2MbothuseCoAP,butareincompatible

• Thisisholdingbackthemarketpotentialby– Increasingthecostsandcomplexityfor

developers– Increasingtherisksforbothinvestorsand

customers– Makingithardertorealizethevalueofdata

*CES2017– largenumberofincompatiblesmarthomeofferingswithlittlechanceofcommercialsuccess 10

JusthowmuchdoIneedtolearn?• Somanyprotocols,e.g.

CoAP,MQTT,AMQP,HTTP,WebSockets,ZigBee,

Z-wave,Thread,Bluetooth,LPWAN,KNX,

EnOcean,DALI,LwM2M,LoRaWAN,Weightless,

BACnet,HART,HostLink,EtherCat,ModBus,

PROFINET,Profibus,BSAP,MelsecNet,

DirectNet,6LoWPAN,6TiSCH,DASH7,X10,

HomePlug,mDNS,SSDP,….

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CounteringFragmentationwiththeWebofThings

• Makingitmucheasierfordevelopers– Focusonhowtointeractwiththingsassoftware

objectswithproperties,actionsandevents– AvoidtheneedtolearnthedetailsofeachIoT

standardssuiteandprotocols• Makingiteasiertodiscover,compose

andsellservices,independentlyofhowtheyareimplemented– Enablingopenmarketsofservicesonthescaleof

theWorldWideWeb

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It’sallaboutThings

• Thingshaveproperties– Thetemperatureofthisroom– Thestateofalightswitch(onoroff)– Streamofelectrocardiogramreadings

• Thingshaveactions– Fadelampfromdaylighttoawarmsunset

• Thingshaveevents– Thedoorhasjustbeenopened– Thebatteryisgettingverylowandneedsreplacing

• Thingshavemetadata– Whichroomisthissensorin?– Whatisthevendor’sserialnumberforthisdevice?

13Thingshaverelationshipstootherthings,hencethe“web”ofthings

Providingawebofmachineinterpretabledescriptionsofthings

Simple,CommonInteractionModel

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Platform A Platform B

Platform API

Application

Platform API

Application

Interaction Model Interaction Model

SemanticMetadata

Protocol Protocol

Properties

ActionsEvents

Serverprovidesthing Clientconsumesthing

BaseduponLinkedData,availableinJSON

W3CasakeypartnerfortheIoT

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…interconnecting existingInternetofThingsplatformsandcomplementing availablestandards,toreducecosts,reducerisksandboostmarketopportunities

WebofThings

BuildinguponW3C’sstrengthswithwebscaleinteroperability– openwebstandardsforAPIs&metadata

Metadataenablesinteroperabilityl Describetheinterfacesexposedtoapplications

l Describethecommunicationandsecurityrequirementsforaccessingthings

l Describethedatamodels,semantics,anddomainconstraints

Metadatasimplifiesapplicationdevelopmentl Decouplesunderlyingprotocols

l Enablesautomatedtooling

WebofThings• AnabstractionlayeroverheterogeneousIoT

standards,communicationpatterns,protocolsanddataformats

• Applicationsinteractwithsoftwareobjects forthingsthatrepresentphysicalorabstractentities,e.g.sensors,actuators,virtualdevices,cloudservices,etc.

– EachthinghasaURIforitsapplicationcontract

• AnalogoustotheroleplayedbytheInternetasanabstractionlayerfornetworksandnetworkingtechnologythathasenabledtrillionsofdollarsofservicesworldwide

• Webofthingsapplicationplatformscanbelocatedatthenetworkedge,inthefog,inthecloud,peertopeeroracombinationthereof

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App App App App

OPC OneM2M OCF Blue

tooth

...

...

ApplicationContracts

IoT PlatformContracts

InformationmodelsBaseduponLinkedData

Agreementsabout IoTtechnologies &standards

LPWAN

App

IoT protocolsandtechnologies

IoT standardssuitedrivers

Sensorsandactuators

WebofThingsAPIsOtherAPIsApplicationPlatformandmiddleware

Includingtoolsforsecurity,analyticsandmanagement

WebofThingsGroups

• WebofthingsInterestGroup– Launchedearly2015– Pre-standardizationactvities

• Usecasesandrequirements• Experimentalspecs&Plugfests• Liaisonswithexternalgroups• Testframeworks

• WebofthingsWorkingGroup– Launchedearly2017– Crossdomainvocabularyforthingdescriptions– SerializationasJSON– ApplicationAPIs– Securityreviewwithhelpfromothergroups

• SecuritymetadataandcrossplatformapproachesbuildingontopofIoT platformsecurity

https://www.w3.org/WoT/

BeijingF2F,2016

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WebofThings

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LiaisonsReachingouttoindustryalliancesandSDO’stodriveconvergencetounleashthepotential

– OpenConnectivityFoundation– oneM2M– IndustrialInternetConsortium– Plattform Industrie 4.0

Especiallythe“semantics”subgroup– OPCFoundation– IETF/IRTF– IndustrialInternetConsortium– AIOTI– IoT SecurityFoundation– Schema.org– etc.

19Collaborationondemos,testing,security,WebofThingsdrivers,…

EndtoEndSecurity

• SecuringtheWebofthings– Security,Safety,Privacy,Resilience

• Buildinguponexistingsecuritystandards– IETF,IoT SecurityFoundation,IIC,etc.– IoT platforms,e.g.OCF,oneM2M,OPC,…

• WhatadditionalsecuritystandardsareneededforendtoendsecurityacrossdifferentIoT platforms?

– Howto(re)bootstraptrust?– Howtodealwithinsecuredevices?

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Discovery&Installation• Discoveringthingsnearme

– BluetoothBeaconsandBluetoothpeering– NFC,QRcodes,IRandaudiochirps– LANwithmDNS,UPnP,etc.

• Registeringwithhomehuboracloudbasedservice

– IoT devicediscovershuborviceversa• Websitesthatembedmetadataonapps&

services– Fordiscoverybysearchengines

• BrowserAPIforinstallingapponhomehuborcloud

– Browserdialogtorequestuserconsent

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SemanticInteroperability

• Ensuringthatcommunicatingpartiessharethesamemeaning,e.g.

• AtemperaturesensorthatreportsinCelsius.

– Machineinterpretabledescriptionslinkedfrominteractionmodels

– Supportfordiscovery,composition,validation,andadaptationtovariationsindevicesfromdifferentvendors

– Needforlightweightvocabulariesthatmakeiteasyforcompaniestodescribetheirspecificdevices

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WebofThings&LinkedData

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• Alinguafrancafordataandmetadata– Basisforrelatingdataandmetadataindifferent

formatsanddatamodels• Conceptsandtheirrelationshipsaregiven

globallyuniqueidentifiersusingWebaddresses• Theseaddressescanbeusedtoobtainfurther

informationenablingaWebofLinkedData• W3Chasawealthofexperienceindeveloping

semantictechnologystandards– Existingstandards,e.g.OWL ontologylanguage,

SPARQL querylanguage(analogoustoSQL)– Currentworke.g.onshaperulesforvalidation– FutureworkontheCognitiveWebforAIsystems

thatthinkmorelikewedo

UKCompaniesHouseLinkedDataService

LinkedDatamakesiteasytocombinedistributedsourcesofinformation

GettingInvolved

• OpportunitiestojoinWebofThingsInterestandWorkingGroups– Participateinoneormoretaskforces

• Thingdescriptions,APIs,Security,LinkedData&SemanticProcessing,Testing,Liaisons

– Contributetousecasesandrequirements– Contributetotechnicalspecifications

• Formoreinformationpleasecontact– DaveRaggett<dsr@w3.org>,– Yingying Chen<yingying@w3.org>– KazuyukiAshimura <kaz@w3.org>

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Demo

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