APWH, Unit 5: Empires—Trade, Exploration, and Imperialism, 1450-1750

Cloclwise from top-left: Venitian map of the world, (mid 15th century); visual diagram of mercantilism; Portuguese slavers; Copernican model of the solar system; portrait of Isaac Newton; a Cossac.

Unit Summary: History begins to accelerate dramatically in the period between 1450 and 1750, especially in Europe and those areas directly affected by European developments. By the late 15th and early 16th century European technology was able to satisfy the growing demand for foreign products, spices in particular. However, the ever growing demand for foreign products and the economic innovations of the previous unit together propel Europeans from the participatory position of consumer and trade partner toward one of domination and control. This shift toward what will, become imperialism and the accompanying profits it brought affected the course of world history, culture, economy, values, and conflicts to this day. Furthermore, our “place” in the world was shifting as a result of reciprocal developments in the physical sciences. To that point, astronomers such as Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo were among the first to see the universe as it actually is and thereby identify our place in it. Furthermore, philosophers and social reformers also began to argue reform around the notion of freedom and monarchy; ironically, many adherents still firmly held on to old notions of freedom as well as concepts of superiority and inferiority as evidenced in the explosion of chattel slavery in the New World. These practical and intellectual debates have not ceased in our modern society, while the intensity may rise and fall with these debates, they nevertheless are still very present.

Skill focus: Analyzing primary and secondary sources. (Creating generalizations and conclusions about sources using detail evidence to support these claims)

I will ask you to cite “evidence” supporting your statement in our Q&A/Discussion sessions!

Important Unit Dates Unit 5 Exam: Friday, March 1 Major Essay: Draft 1—due Sunday 2/24 at Midnight; Draft 2—due Sunday 3/3 at Midnight.

Chapter Overview: terms & outline assignments

Topic/Chapter Terms Annotations Due Date

Ch 8: Africa Kingdoms

sahel, Sudanic states, Mali, Sundanita, Ibn Batuta, Timbuktu, Ghana, Songhay, Hausa, Benin, Yoruba, Great Zimbabwe, Kongo,

In depth p. 1

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What are the common elements of African societies?How did Islam and the beliefs of indigenous societies fuse among African peoples?Why do the authors spend more time talking about cultures introduced into Africa than about indigenous African cultures?

Ch.16: World Economy

Cape of good hope, Henry the Navigator. C. Columbus, F. Magellan, Dutch and British East India companies, Battle of Lepanto, core nations, mercantilism, coercive labor systems, Balboa, Pizzaro, New France, Treaty of Paris, cultural imperialism, Boers, Calcutta, “New World Order”

In depth, p. 3

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. 2/6What were the results of hte creation of a world economy?

What technological innovations made European domination of the world possible?How did British North America differ from other European colonies?

Ch 17: Transformation of the West 1450-1750

Renaissance, Reconquest, humanism, Machiavelli, Reformation, Martain Luther, Protestantism, Anglican, Jesuits, Edict of Nantes, Thirty Years’ War, Commerical revolution , inflation, Scientific revolution, Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Descartes, Deism, Locke, “Enlightenment”, absolute monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, Fredrich the Great, Adam Smith, Wollstonecraft,

In depth, p. 3

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1What were the major causes and effects of the commercial revolution?In what ways did the scientific revolution influence/inspire the enlightenment?What were the major changes in the west during this era?How did religion and European politics become entangled in this period?

Ch. 18: Russia Ivan IV, Cossacks, Romanovs, boyers, Peter the Great, Westernization, Pugachev rebellion, Catherinc the Great, Russain feudalism,

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What were the differences in efforts to westernize under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great?Describe the culture of the Russian masses (peasants).How did the Mongol occupation affect Russian civilization?What was the nature of expansion under the Ivans?

Ch 19: Early Latin America

Castile & Aragon, encomiendas, Bartolome de Las Casas, Hernan Cortez, conquering and Catholicism, the Great exchange, Potosi, Huancavelica, haciendas, Treaty of Tordesillas, Sugar & Slavery, Minas Gerais, Sociedad de castas, War of Spanish succession, Marquis of Pombal, Comunero Revolt,

In depth, p 4

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What are the most important aspects of Iberian society transferred to the New World?Describe the nature of the colonial American economies.What was the nature of the 18th century reforms in Portuguese and Spanish colonies?

Ch. 20: Africa and the Atlantic Slave Trade

El Mina, factories, Nzinga Mvemba, triangular trade, Gold Coast, Asante, Dahomey, great trek, Shaka Zulu, mfecane, Swazi, Lesotho, Middle Passage, Saltwater slaves, creole slaves, Palmares, Suriname, Wilberforce,

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Describe the stages Portugal explored and penetrated Africa.Trace the changes in volume of the Atlantic slave trade between 1450 and 1850.How did the slave trade affect African state formation?

Ch. 21: Muslim Empires

Ottomans, Sultan, Mehemed II, Janissaries, Vizier, Safavid dynasty, Imams, Mullahs, Mughal dynasty, Babur, Din-i-Ilahi, Chaldiran,

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What were the similarities and differences between the gunpowder empires?What were the causes of Ottoman Decline in the 17th century?Create a graphic organzier comparing the social and economic organization of the Ottoman and Safavid Empire.What weaknesses were common to all Muslim empires?

Unit 5 Calendar:

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri2/4Ch 8 reading +annotations dueQ&A/Discussion (focus Q’s) Africa

2/5Africa & America as central “objects” around European action.

2/6Ch.16 reading +annotations dueQ&A/Discussion (focus Q’s)

2/7Global Trade Network:Pomeranz’s Potato

2/8Navigation Technology

DBQ: p. 1-7

2/11Ch.17 reading +annotations dueQ&A/Discussion (Focus Q’s)

2/12No Class***

2/13Inheritance from post classical age

2/14Ch 18 reading +annotations dueQ&A/Discussion (Focus Q’s)

2/15Quiz #1

DBQ: primary sources, p.8-25

2/18Ch. 19 reading +annotations dueQ&A/Discussion(Focus Q’s)

2/19DBQ-Doc Analysis

2/20DBQ- Doc. Analysis

2/21Ch 20 reading +annotations dueQ&A/Discussion (Focus Q’s)

2/22 Quiz #2DBQ Draft 1, Due Sunday 2/24 at Midnight via Criterion

2/25Imperialism & the Global Market

2/26Ch. 21 reading +annotations due, Q&A/Discussion (focus questions)

2/27Gunpowder Empires

2/28Review

3/1**Unit 5 exam

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri