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PhysicsKS4 Waves Homework

BookletName: _________________________________________Class: _________________________________________Teacher: _______________________________________

Wv

01

Transverse and Longitudinal What waves can be used for. What transverse waves are. What longitudinal waves are.

Homework Task Due Date

Signiture

Wv 01 Transverse and LongitudinalWv 02 Wave SpeedWv 03 Wave length Required Practical

Wv 04 (P) Sound WavesWv 05 (P) Reflection of Waves

Wv 06 Refraction of Light Required PracticalWv 07 Refraction

Wv 08 (P) Ultrasound Wv 09 (P) Seismic Waves

Wv 10 The Electromagnetic SpectrumWv 11 Uses of Long-wave Electromagnetic WavesWv 12 Uses of Short-wave Electromagnetic WavesWv 13 Radiation and Absorption Required Practical

Wv 14 (P) Refraction in LensesWv 15 (P) Lenses and image featuresWv 16 (P) Converging ray diagramsWv 17 (P) Diverging ray diagramsWv 18 (P) Colour MixingWv 19 (P) Black body Radiation

Examples of transverse and longitudinal waves. What is meant by the amplitude, wavelength, compressions,

and rarefactions of waves.

Wv01 Transverse and Longitudinal Exam Question PracticeQ1.

The diagram shows a wave.

Read the Wv01section on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension Task 1. Water waves move through water. But what is it that is really moving?

What moves forward with a water wave? Put a X in the box next to the best answer.

A Just water moves forward. B Just the ‘shape’ of the wave moves forward.

C The ‘shape’ of the wave and water both move forward.

D A force pushing the water moves forward.

2. This picture shows particles of air in a sound wave. A vibrating object is making the air particles move.

This picture shows particles of air when there is no sound wave.

These statements are about the moving air particles in a sound wave. For each statement, put a X in one column to show what you think.

I am sure this is right

I think this is right

I think this is wrong

I am sure this is wrong

A Air particles can be pushed forward by other air particles that hit them.

B Air particles vibrate and slowly move forward.

C Air particles can bounce backward off the air particles they bump into.

D Air particles move backwards and forwards over and over again.

(a) Which arrow shows the amplitude of the wave? Tick one box.

(b) Which arrow shows the wavelength of the wave? Tick one box.

(c) It takes 0.5 seconds for a wave in the diagram to travel from point P to point Q. Calculate the frequency of the waves shown in the diagram.

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Frequency = ____________________ Hz (2)

(d) What type of wave is sound? Tick one box.

Electromagnetic

Longitudinal

Transverse

Two students carried out an experiment to determine the speed of sound.

1. Student A stands 100 m away from Student B.2. Student A bangs two blocks of wood together making a loud sound.3. Student B starts a stopclock when he sees the blocks of wood bang together.4. Student B stops the stopclock when he hears the sound and records the time.5. The students repeat steps 2‒4 several times. The students calculated the speed of sound from their results.

(e) Suggest the most likely source of error in the experiment.

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(f) The speed of sound calculated was lower than the true speed of sound in air. Suggest one improvement to the students’ method that would give a more accurate value for the speed of sound.

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(g) A student compares the properties of visible light waves and radio waves. Which two properties are the same for both visible light waves and radio waves?Tick two boxes.

A B C D

A B C D

Both are transverse waves

Both can travel through a vacuum

Both have the same amplitude

Both have the same frequency

Both have the same wavelength

(2)(Total 9 marks)

Q2. Waves may be longitudinal or transverse.

(a) Describe the differences between longitudinal waves and transverse waves.

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(b) Radio waves are electromagnetic waves. Describe how radio waves are different from sound waves.

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(Total 7 marks)

Wv 02 Wave Speed The equation that links frequency, wavelength, and wave

speed. What is meant by the term wave speed. How to apply the equation period = 1 ÷ frequency

How the period of a wave is related to its frequency. A method for measuring the speed of a sound wave in air.

Wv02 Wave speed Exam Question Practice

Q1.

Comprehension Task 1. Water waves can be made with a plank of wood. Bigger waves are made by pushing it down

harder.

a. Which wave moves faster through the water? Put a X in the box next to the best answer.

A Wave X moves faster. B Wave Y moves faster.

C Both waves move at the same speed.b. What is the best reason for your last answer? Put a X in the box next to the best answer.

A Both waves move through the same water.

B It has more energy.

C It has more force.

D Less water needs to be moved.2. Waves can be made on a rope by shaking it up and down. Shaking it quickly makes waves with a high frequency. Shaking it more slowly makes waves with a lower frequency.

a. Which wave moves faster along the rope? Put a X in the box next to the best answer.

A Wave X moves faster. B Wave Y moves faster.

C Both waves move at the same speed.b. What is the best reason for your last answer? Put a X in the box next to the best answer.

A Both waves move along the same rope. B It has more energy.

C It has more force.

D Less rope needs to be moved.

Read the Wv02 section on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Figure 1 shows a slinky spring used to model a sound wave.

Figure 1

(a) Label the arrows on Figure 1 Choose the answers from the box.

(3)

(b) What type of wave is a sound wave? Tick one box.

electromagnetic

longitudinal

transverse

(1)

(c) Figure 2 shows two students measuring the speed of sound in air.

Figure 2

One student bangs two bricks together. The sound wave produced is reflected from the wall and travels back to the students. Describe how they can determine the speed of sound.

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amplitude compression frequency

rarefaction wavelength

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(Total 8 marks)

Q2.A sound wave is an example of a longitudinal wave.

(a) Figure 1 shows the air particles in a sound wave as the wave travels from a loudspeaker to an ear.

Write a letter R on Figure 1 to show an area of rarefaction. (1)

(b) Complete the sentence about longitudinal waves.

The vibrations of the air particles are __________________________ to the direction of energy transfer. (1)

(c) A stationary car horn emits a sound wave of frequency 400 Hz. The wavelength of the wave is 0.85 m.Calculate the speed of sound. Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Speed of sound = _________________ m / s

(2)

(Total 4 marks)

Wv 03 Wavelength Required Practical A method for measuring the speed of a ripple in water.


Wv 03 Wavelength Required Practical A method for measuring the speed of a wave in a solid.

Comprehension Task Use the diagrams to describe a method tomeasure the speed of a wave in a liquid(click in each hexagon to type)Remember CIDER:

control variables dependent variable independent variable equipment repeats

Use this table to calculate the speed of a water wave.Length of 12 waves (cm) Wavelength (cm) No. of waves in 10s Frequency (Hz) Wave speed (cm/s)

24cm 20

Step threeStep five

Inaccuracy

Step one

Step four

Measuring the speed of a

ripple in water RP

Step two

Wv03 Wavelength RP Exam Question Practice

Comprehension Task Use the diagrams to describe a method tomeasure the speed of a wave in a solid.(click in each hexagon to type)Remember CIDER:


Use this table to calculate the speed of a wave on a string.Length of 4 half wavelengths (m) Wavelength (m) Frequency (Hz) Wave speed (m/s)

2 200


Step threeStep five

Inaccuracy

Step one

Step four

Measuring the speed of a wave on a string RP

Step two

Q1.The diagram shows a ripple tank.

(a) The motor makes a noise when it is turned on.

Describe the differences between the properties of the sound waves produced by the motor and the water waves in the ripple tank.

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(4)

(b) The period of the sound waves produced by the motor is 8.3 milliseconds. Calculate the frequency of the sound waves.

Use the Physics Equations Sheet.

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Frequency = ____________________ Hz (3)

(c) Explain how a student could make appropriate measurements and use them to determine the wavelength of the waves in the ripple tank.

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(Total 13 marks)

Wv 04Physics

Sound Waves [H] The frequency range of human hearing.

[H] What affects the loudness and pitch of a musical note. [H] The effect that sound waves have on solid objects (eg. The

human ear drum). [H] Why human hearing is limited to the range that it is.

Wv04 Wave Sound waves Exam Question Practice

Comprehension Task 1. Fill in the gaps to describe the sounds that are made. You should only use the words high and loud.

Playing a guitarPlucking a guitar makes the strings vibrate.

Thin strings vibrate very quickly and make __________ notes.

Plucking hard on a string makes it vibrate a lot and its note is __________.

Beating a drum

When a drum is hit hard its sound is __________.

A tight drum vibrates very quickly and has a __________ sound.

When a drum has large vibrations it is __________.

2. A loudspeaker vibrates to make a sound. The ping-pong balls on the speaker jiggle up and down.

PredictWhat do you think will happen if a louder note is played? What do you think will happen if a higher note is played?

ExplainExplain why you think this will happen.


Q1.(a) The table gives information about the frequencies in the hearing ranges of six

different mammals.

Name of mammal Frequencies in hearing range

Bat 20 Hz → 160 kHz

Dog 20 Hz → 30 kHz

Dolphin 40 Hz → 110 kHz

Elephant 5 Hz → 10 kHz

Human 20 Hz → 20 kHz

Tiger 30 Hz → 50 kHz

(i) Which mammal in the table can hear the highest frequency?

____________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Give one example of a frequency which an elephant can hear but which a tiger cannot hear. Include the unit in your answer.

Frequency ______________________________________(1)

(b) A sound wave can be represented as a trace on the screen of an oscilloscope. The diagrams show five traces, A, B, C, D and E, on the oscilloscope. All the traces are drawn to the same scale.

(i) Which three diagrams show traces with the same amplitude?

Diagrams _____________ , _____________ and _____________ . (1)

(ii) Which two diagrams show traces with the same frequency?

Diagrams _____________ and _____________ (1)

(c) There is no air in space. Astronauts in space cannot hear sounds from outside their spacesuits.Explain this.

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Q2.(a) The diagrams show oscilloscope traces for the same musical note played on two

different instruments. The oscilloscope settings are not changed.

(i) How can you tell, from the diagrams, that it is the same musical note?

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(ii) How can you tell, from the diagrams, that the musical note has been played on different instruments?

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(b) This passage is from an electronics magazine.

Electronic systems can be used to produce ultrasound waves.These waves have a higher frequency than the upper limit for hearing in humans.Ultrasound waves are partially reflected when they meet a boundary between two different media.

(i) Approximately what is the highest frequency that humans can hear? State the number and the unit.

____________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) What does the word media mean when it is used in this passage?

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(iii) What happens to the ultrasound which reaches the boundary between two different media and is not reflected?

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________________________________________________(2)(Total 6 marks)

Wv 05Physics

Reflection of Waves When waves can be reflected. What is meant by the law of reflection. How to represent the reflection of light using ray diagrams. The difference between specular reflection and diffuse reflection.

Comprehension Task 1. Ray diagrams show how light reflects in a mirror. These diagrams can be difficult to draw.The trick is to draw the reflection before the rays of light.

Draw ray diagrams to show how these objects are reflected in a mirror.(use straight lines from the Insert – Shapes tab)

2. Torch light reflects brightly off a mirror. What happens when a torch is shone on a brick and a coin? Which of these statements do you think are right? For each statement, put a X one column to show what you think.

Places I am sure this is right



I am sure this is wrongA Light reflects off the shiny coin

B Light reflects off the coin like a mirror (all in one direction)

C Light reflects off the dull brick

D The rough surface of the brick reflects light in all directions


21

Wv05 Wave Reflection of waves Exam Question Practice

Q1. The diagram below shows the apparatus a student used to investigate the reflection of light by a plane mirror.

The student drew four ray diagrams for each angle of incidence.

The student measured the angle of reflection from each diagram.

The table below gives the student’s results.

Angle of reflection

Angle of incidence Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 420° 19° 22° 20° 19°

30° 31° 28° 32° 30°

40° 42° 40° 43° 41°

50° 56° 49° 53° 46°

(a) For each angle of incidence, the angle of reflection has a range of values.

This is caused by an error. What type of error will have caused each angle of reflection to have a range of values?

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(b) Suggest what the student may have done during the investigation to cause each angle of reflection to have a range of values.

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(c) Estimate the uncertainty in the angle of reflection when the angle of incidence is 50°.

Show how you determine your estimate.

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Uncertainty = ± _____________________ °

(2)

(d) The student concluded that for a plane mirror, the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

Explain whether you agree with this conclusion.

Use examples from the results in the table below in your answer.

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(2)

(e) What extra evidence could be collected to support the student’s conclusion?

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(1)

(f) State one change the student should make to the apparatus if he wants to use the same method to investigate diffuse reflection.

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(1)

(Total 8 marks)

Wv 06 Refraction of Light Required Practical Where refraction of light can occur.

Comprehension Task 1. Alice jumps into a rock pool.It’s a lot deeper than it looked from the edge!Alice’s friends are talking about what she did.They are talking about why the water looked shallow.

a. Who is right about why the pool looks shallow? Explain your answer

b. Who is wrong about why the pool looks shallow? What would you say to help them understand?

c. How can a diagram show what happens more clearly? Insert one here using straight lines from the shapes tab.

Read the Wv06 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Wv06 Refraction of light RP Exam Question PracticeQ1.A student used a laser to investigate the change of direction of light as it entered a glass block. The apparatus is shown in Figure 1. The path of a ray of light as it enters the glass block is shown.

(a) The student marked crosses to show the path of the ray of light that left the glass block. Use a ruler to help you to draw the path of the ray of light through and out of the glass block. (2)

(b) Light from lasers can damage your eyes. Suggest one safety precaution that the student should have taken during his investigation.

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(c) The student measured angle a and angle b when the ray of light was incident at 5 different angles. He measured each set of values once. The student’s results are shown in Figure 2.

Angle a in degrees

(i) The student’s line of best fit is incorrect. Give one reason why.

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(ii) The student measured 5 different values of angle a in his investigation. Suggest two ways the student could improve his investigation.

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Q2. Light rays can be reflected and refracted. Figure 1 shows how a plane mirror reflects a ray of light.

(a) Light is refracted when passing from air into glass. Figure 2 shows a ray of light as it passes from air into a glass block.

(i) Draw a line on Figure 2 to show the path of the ray as it leaves the glass block. (1)

(ii) Name the dashed lines drawn at 90° to the glass in Figure 2.

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(b) A student investigated the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction as light passes from air into glass. Her results are shown in Figure 3.

(i) Draw a line of best fit on Figure 3. (1)

(ii) Use Figure 3 to describe the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction.

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Wv 07

Refraction Where refraction of waves can occur. [H] Why changes in velocity of waves cause refraction. How to represent the refraction of light using ray diagrams. [H] How to use wave front diagrams to explain refraction in

terms of the speed of a wave.

Comprehension Task 1. Light can bend when it enters or leaves a glass block

A lens is a specially shaped glass block. Most lenses are circular. The flat version of each lens shows its shape more clearly.

a. Which lens do you think bends light the most? A B C

b. Why do you think this lens bends light the most? Put a X in the box next to the best answer.

A Light takes longer to move through the lens

B More light can pass through the lens

C Light hits the lens at bigger angles

D There is more lens to interact with the light

2. A fish is swimming near to Leah’s boat. It is hard to know how deep the fish is. Light from the fish refracts at the surface. Leah looks at the fish. Where does the fish appear to be?


Wv07 Refraction Exam Question Practice

Q1. Figure 1 is a wave front diagram showing light travelling through the air and into a glass block.

Figure 1

(a) Complete Figure 1 by drawing wave fronts after they have left the glass block. (1)

(b) Figure 2 shows a ray of light incident on a semi-circular glass block.

Figure 2

Complete the ray diagram in Figure 2.

• Draw the ray of light passing through and leaving the glass block.

• Label the angle of refraction. (4)

(c) Explain why the light is refracted.

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(d) A student investigated how different coloured light was refracted by glass.

The student aimed rays of different coloured light at a glass block.

She measured the angle of refraction for each colour.

Give two variables that the student should control.

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

(2)

The table shows the student's results.

Colour of light

Angle of refraction in degrees

Red 27.94

Orange 27.90

Yellow 27.82

Green 27.78

Blue 27.70

(e) Explain why these results could not have been obtained with a normal protractor.

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(f) What conclusion can be made about the relationship between the wavelength of light and the angle of refraction?

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(g) Glass does not transmit ultraviolet radiation.

Suggest what happens to ultraviolet radiation when it is incident on glass.

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(1)

(Total 13 marks)

Wv 08Physics

Ultrasound What ultrasound waves are. Why ultrasound waves can be used to scan the human body. How ultrasound waves are used to measure distances in

medicine and industry. Why an ultrasound scan is safer than taking an X-ray image.

Comprehension Task Ultrasound waves have a frequency higher than theupper limit for human hearing – above 20,000 Hertz (Hz)Ultrasound imaging creates a picture of something that cannot be seen directly, such as an unborn baby in the womb, or faults and defects inside manufactured parts.

Use the word wheel and the diagram below to explain how the image of a developing foetusis produced using ultrasound.


Boundary

Reflected

TimeDensity

Signal

Wv08 Ultrasound Exam Question PracticeQ1.

Ultrasound waves can be passed through the body to produce medical images. When ultrasound waves are directed at human skin most of the waves are reflected. If a material called a ‘coupling agent’ is placed on the skin it allows most of the ultrasound waves to pass through the skin and into the body.

(a) What is ‘ultrasound’?

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(b) Two ultrasound frequencies that are used are 1.1 MHz and 3.0 MHz. The speed of ultrasound in water is 1500 m / s.Calculate the wavelength of the 3.0 MHz waves in water.

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Wavelength = ____________________ m (3)

(c) The coupling agent used with ultrasound is usually a gel. Water would be a good coupling agent. Suggest why water is not used.

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(d) Figure 1 shows a coupling agent being tested.• An ultrasound transmitter emits waves.• The waves pass through the coupling agent and then through the water.• The waves are detected by the ultrasound receiver.

A scientist tests different coupling agents. Suggest which variables she must control.Tick ( ) two boxes.

Tick ( )

The amount of light in the room

The colour of the coupling agent

The width of the coupling agent

The width of the water

(2)

(e) The table shows the results for coupling agents A, B, C, D, E, F and G.They were tested using the two frequencies, 1.1 MHz and 3.0 MHz.The results show how well the waves pass through the coupling agent compared with how they pass through water. The results are shown as a percentage.100% means that the coupling agent behaves the same as water.

Couplingagent

Coupling agent

percentageusing 1.1 MHz

Coupling agent

percentageusing 3.0 MHz

A 108 100

B 105 100

C 104 98

D 100 98

E 98 98

F 95 99

G 89 88

(i) Which coupling agent allows most ultrasound to pass through at both frequencies ____(1)

(ii) Which coupling agent performs the same for both frequencies? _____ (1)

(f) Figure 2 shows an ultrasound transmitter sending waves into a patient’s body. The waves enter the body and move towards a kidney.

The transmitter also detects the ultrasound waves.

The transmitter is connected to an oscilloscope.

Figure 3 shows the trace on the screen of the oscilloscope.

J represents the intensity of the waves emitted by the transmitter.

(i) Explain the intensities at K, L and M.

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(6)

(ii) The speed of ultrasound waves in the body is 1500 m/s.

Use information from Figure 3 to calculate the maximum width of the kidney.

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Maximum width of kidney = ____________________ m

(3)

(Total 19 marks)

Wv 09Physics

Seismic Waves What seismic waves are. How seismic waves are produced. What primary (P-waves) and secondary (S-waves) seismic

waves are. What information seismic waves give about the structure of

the Earth.

Comprehension Task 1. Use the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast P- waves and S-waves

2. Add the correct letter (P or S) in the ( ) to make of each of these sentences correct.

( ) -waves are not detected on the opposite side of the Earth- this suggests that the mantle has solid properties, but the outer core must be liquid.

( ) -waves are detected on the opposite side of the Earth. Refractions between layers cause two shadow zones where no ( )-waves are detected. The size and positions of these shadow zones indicate there is a solid inner core.


P-waves S-waves

Both

Wv09 Seismic waves Exam Question Practice

Q1.P-waves and S-waves are two types of seismic wave caused by earthquakes.

(a) Which one of the statements about P-waves and S-waves is correct? Tick one box.

P-waves and S-waves are transverse.

P-waves and S-waves are longitudinal.

P-waves are transverse and S-waves are longitudinal.

P-waves are longitudinal and S-waves are transverse.

(1)

Seismometers on the Earth’s surface record the vibrations caused by seismic waves.

The diagram below shows the vibration recorded by a seismometer for one P-wave.

(b) Calculate the frequency of the P-wave shown in the diagram above.

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Frequency = _____________________ Hz

(1)

(c) Write down the equation which links frequency, wavelength and wave speed.

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(1)

(d) The P-wave shown in the diagram above is travelling at 7200 m/s.

Calculate the wavelength of the P-wave.

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Wavelength = _____________________ m

(3)

(e) Explain why the study of seismic waves provides evidence for the structure of the Earth’s core.

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(2)

(Total 8 marks)

Wv 10

The Electromagnetic Spectrum That electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. That the electromagnetic spectrum is a continuous spectrum

divided into groups based on their properties (wavelength, frequency etc.).

The 7 groups of the electromagnetic spectrum. That different wavelengths are affected in different ways by

materials.

Comprehension Task 1.

2. For each part of the EM spectrum say whether the frequency, wavelength and energy are high, low or medium (click in each arrow to type)

3. Complete the table

Question Underline the odd one out? Reason

1 X rays Gamma rays Radio waves

2 Water wave

Sound wave Green light

3 Red light Blue light Ultra violet


Gamma X-RayUltra violetVisible lightInfraredMicrowave

Radio waves

Fill in the gaps in the electromagnetic spectrum

X- Rays

Radio Waves

Visible light

Infra red

Ultraviolet

Wv10 The Electromagnetic Spectrum Exam Question Practice

Q1.The different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are shown below.

Gamma rays

X-rays Ultraviolet Visible light

Infrared Microwaves Radio waves

(a) Name a part of the electromagnetic spectrum with:

(i) a longer wavelength than microwaves: _____________________ (1)

(ii) greater energy than X-rays: ______________________________ (1)

(iii) a higher frequency than ultraviolet: _________________________ (1)

(b) The properties of water waves can be measured easily in a school lab.

The diagram shows information about waves.

(i) How many complete waves are shown in the diagram?

______________ (1)

(ii) What is the wavelength of each wave in the diagram?

___________ cm (1)

(iii) What is the amplitude of the waves?

___________ cm (1)

(iv) Complete the sentence below.

The oscillations of the waves in the diagram are perpendicular to the direction

of energy transfer. They are called ____________________________ waves.

(1)

(Total 7 marks)

Q2.The electromagnetic spectrum is made up of electromagnetic waves.

The electromagnetic waves form a continuous spectrum of different wavelengths.

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

longitudinal

All electromagnetic waves are mechanical waves.

transverse

(1)

(b) Part of the electromagnetic spectrum is shown in the diagram.

Wavelength in nm

(i) What is the range of wavelengths the human eye can detect?

The range is from __________________ nm to __________________ nm.

(2)

(ii) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

As the frequency of the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum increases,

decreases.

the wave speed increases.

stays the same.

(1)

(Total 4 marks)

Wv 11

Uses of Long-wave Electromagnetic Waves Uses for the longer wavelength electromagnetic waves (Radio

waves, Microwaves, Infrared and visible light). [H] What makes each wave suitable for its use. [H] How radio waves can be used to induce an alternating

current in an electrical circuit.


Infrared

Microwaves

Visible light

Used for communication and cooking food

Used for communication via fibre optic cables

Used for communication

Are produced by oscillations in electrical circuits

Used for communication, cooking food, heaters and cameras

Radio waves

Used for treating cancer

Used for detecting seeing bones

Comprehension TasksMatch the keyword to the best definition

Wv11 Use of long-wave Electromagnetic waves Exam Question Practice

Q1.(a) The diagram shows the electromagnetic spectrum.

Two types of wave have been missed out.

Write the names of the missing waves in the empty boxes.

X-rays Ultraviolet rays Infrared rays Microwave Radio

waves

(2)

(b) Different types of waves are used by different types of communications equipment.

Draw one line from each situation in List A to the wave used to communicate in List B.

List ASituation

List BWave used to communicate

Microwave

TV remote control

Infrared rays

Satellite TV

Radio waves

Terrestrial TV

Ultraviolet rays

(3)

(Total 5 marks)

Q2.The diagram shows the seven types of wave that make up the electromagnetic spectrum.

Gammarays

X-rays Ultravioletrays

Visiblelight

Infra redrays

Micro-waves

Radiowaves

(a) (i) Microwaves and visible light can be used for communications.

Name one more type of electromagnetic wave that can be used for communications.

____________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Name one type of electromagnetic wave that has a longer wavelength than microwaves.

____________________________________________________________(1)

(b) Wi-Fi is a system that joins a laptop computer to the internet without using wires.A 2400 megahertz microwave signal is used to link a computer to a device called a router.

What quantity is measured in hertz? Draw a ring around your answer.

frequency wavelength wave speed

(1)

(c) A politician commented on the increasing use of Wi-Fi. He said: ‘I believe that these systems may be harmful to children.’

(i) Suggest one reason why more scientific research into the safety of Wi-Fi systems is needed.

______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the correct line in the box.

a fact.

What the politician said was an opinion.

a prediction.

(1)

(Total 5 marks)

Wv 12

Uses of Short-wave Electromagnetic Waves Uses for the shorter wavelength electromagnetic waves

(Ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays). [H] What makes each wave suitable for its use. The risks associated with exposure to shorter wavelength

electromagnetic waves.

Comprehension Task Find it and fix it. These sentences have 2 deliberate mistakes. Rewrite them correctly.1. Ultravioleta. We can see ultraviolet light but it cannot have hazardous effects on the human body.

b. Ultraviolet light in moonlight can cause tour hair to tan or burn.

2. Electromagnetic waves in medicinea. Radio rays are produced by changes in the nucleus of an atom. They are a form of thermal radiation.

b. Low energy waves such as X-rays and gamma rays are not transmitted through body tissues due to being absorbed.

c. X-rays are not absorbed by dense structures like muscle, which is why X-ray photos are used to help identify broken bones.

3. Ionising radiationUltraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays are types of ionising radiation. a. They can add or remove protons from molecules, producing electrically charged ions. Ionisation can have beneficial effect on the body:

b. ultraviolet waves can cause skin to look younger prematurely and increase the risk of lung cancer.

c. x-rays and gamma rays can cause the mutation of proteins, which can lead to diabetes.

4. Radiation doseRadiation dose is a measure of the risk of benefit caused by exposing the body to ionising radiation. Radiation dose is measured in Newtons (Sv).


Wv12 Use of short-wave Electromagnetic waves Exam Question Practice

Q1. Figure 1 shows an X-ray of an arm with a broken bone.

© emmy-images/iStock

(a) Complete the following sentence.

X-rays are part of the ______________ spectrum. (1)

(b) Figure 2 shows how the intensity of the X-rays changes as they pass through soft tissue and reach a detector.

(i) Use Figure 2 to determine the intensity of X-rays reaching the detector for a 3 cm thickness of soft tissue.

Intensity of X-rays = ________ arbitrary units

(1)

(ii) Describe how the thickness of soft tissue affects the intensity of the X-rays.

Comprehension Task Find it and fix it. These sentences have 2 deliberate mistakes. Rewrite them correctly.1. Ultravioleta. We can see ultraviolet light but it cannot have hazardous effects on the human body.

b. Ultraviolet light in moonlight can cause tour hair to tan or burn.

2. Electromagnetic waves in medicinea. Radio rays are produced by changes in the nucleus of an atom. They are a form of thermal radiation.

b. Low energy waves such as X-rays and gamma rays are not transmitted through body tissues due to being absorbed.

c. X-rays are not absorbed by dense structures like muscle, which is why X-ray photos are used to help identify broken bones.

3. Ionising radiationUltraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays are types of ionising radiation. a. They can add or remove protons from molecules, producing electrically charged ions. Ionisation can have beneficial effect on the body:

b. ultraviolet waves can cause skin to look younger prematurely and increase the risk of lung cancer.

c. x-rays and gamma rays can cause the mutation of proteins, which can lead to diabetes.

4. Radiation doseRadiation dose is a measure of the risk of benefit caused by exposing the body to ionising radiation. Radiation dose is measured in Newtons (Sv).

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________(2)

(iii) The data in Figure 2 are shown as a line graph and not as a bar chart. Choose the reason why. Tick (✔) one box.

Both variables are categoric

Both variables are continuous

One variable is continuous and one is categoric

(1)

(c) What happens to X-rays when they enter a bone?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(1)

(d) How are images formed electronically in a modern X-ray machine? Tick (✔) one box.

With a charge-coupled device (CCD)

With an oscilloscope

With photographic film

(1)

(e) Radiographers who take X-ray photographs may be exposed to X-rays.

(i) X-rays can increase the risk of the radiographer getting cancer. Why can X-rays increase the risk of getting cancer? Tick (✔) one box.

X-rays travel at the speed of light

X-rays can travel through a vacuum

X-rays are ionising

(1)

(ii) What should the radiographer do to reduce the risk from X-rays?

______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 9 marks)

Wv 13 Radiation and Absorption Required Practical How the surface of an object affects the amount of infrared

radiation radiated from an object. How the surface of an object affects the amount of infrared

radiation absorbed by an object. The effect absorption or radiation of infrared radiation has on

the temperature of an object.

Comprehension Task Use this diagram to describe a method toinvestigate the amount of infrared radiation absorbed or radiated by a surface.Remember CIDER:



Step three

Step five

Inaccuracy

Step one

Step four

Radiation and

Absorption

RP

Step two

Use the results above to order the different surfaces from the best emitter to the worst emitter of infrared radiation.

Wv13 Radiation and absorption RP Exam Question Practice

Q1.A student investigates the infrared radiation being emitted by different coloured surfaces to the surroundings.

(a) Draw a ring around each correct answer to complete the sentences.

absorb

(i) All objects emit and conduct infrared radiation.

insulate

(1)

less

(ii) Compared with cooler objects, hotter objects emit the same amount of

more

infrared radiation.

(1)

(b) The student pours 300 cm3 of hot water into each of 3 metal cubes and seals the top of each cube.

(i) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

conduction.

Energy is transferred through the sides of the metal cubes by convection.

radiation.

(1)

Each cube has the same volume.

Each cube is a different colour.

The temperature of each cube is recorded over 10 minutes.

(ii) What is the independent variable in the investigation?

____________________________________________________________(1)

The results of the investigation are shown on the graph.

Time in minutes

(iii) Write the correct letter for each cube, X, Y or Z, next to the lines shown on the graph. (2)

(iv) All three cubes had the same starting temperature. This was important in the investigation. Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________(1)

(v) Some variables are kept the same in an investigation. What name is given to these variables?

___________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 8 marks)

Wv 14

Physics

Refraction in Lenses

That lenses refract light to form an image.

That the distance from the lens to where the image forms is called the focal length.

Wv 15

Physics

Lenses and image features

How to apply the equation: Magnification = Image height ÷ Object height

The correct units to measure object and image height in.

Comprehension Task 1. A lens can form an image. The image is clearer if the object is lit up brightly.Light reflects off the penguin. The lens refracts light from the penguin to form an image.a. How does light move from the penguin to the image?For each statement, put a X in one column to show what you think.

I am sure this is right



I am sure this is wrong

A Light from each point of the penguin moves in just one direction towards the lens

B Light from each point of the penguin moves in many directions towards the lens

C Each point on the image is lit up by light moving along just one ray from the penguin

D Each point on the image is lit up by light moving along many different rays from the penguin

b. PredictHalf of the lens is covered up.What would happen to the image of the penguin?

ExplainWhy do you think you will see this?

Read the Wv014 & 15 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Wv14 Refraction in Lenses and Wv15 Lenses and image features Exam Question Practice

Q1.(a) Some humans are short-sighted. Complete the following sentence.

Short sight can be caused by the eyeball being too _________________ . (1)

(b) Spectacles can be worn to correct short sight. The table below gives information about three different lenses that can be used in spectacles.

Lens feature

Material Mass in grams Type

Lens A Plastic 5.0 Concave (diverging)

Lens B Glass 6.0 Convex (converging)

Lens C Glass 5.5 Convex (converging)

Which lens from Table 2 would be used to correct short sight? Draw a ring around the correct answer.

Lens A Lens B Lens C

Give the reason for your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________(2)

(c) Every lens has a focal length. Which factor affects the focal length of a lens? Tick (✓) one box.

The colour of the lens

The refractive index of the lens material

The size of the object being viewed

(1)

(e) Laser eye surgery can correct some types of eye defect.

Which of the following is another medical use for a laser?

Tick (✓) one box.

Cauterising open blood vessels

Detecting broken bones

Imaging the lungs

(1)

(f) The figure shows a convex lens being used as a magnifying glass.

An object of height 14 mm is viewed through a magnifying glass.

The image height is 70 mm.

Calculate the magnification produced by the lens in the magnifying glass.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Magnification = _________________________

(2)

(Total 7 marks)

Wv 16

Physics

Converging ray diagrams

How to correctly represent a convex (converging) lens in a diagram.

How to construct a ray diagram for a convex lens.

That convex lenses produce real images.

Wv 17

Physics

Diverging ray diagrams

How to correctly represent a concave (diverging) lens in a diagram.

How to construct a ray diagram for a concave lens.

That concave lenses produce virtual images.

Comprehension Task Convex lensesA convex lens is thicker in the middle than it is at the edges.Parallel light rays that enter the lens converge. They come together at a point called the principal focus.In a ray diagram, a convex lens is drawn as a vertical line with outward facing arrows to indicate the shape of the lens. The distance from the lens to the principal focus is called the focal length.Concave lensesA concave lens is thinner in the middle than it is at the edges.This causes parallel rays to diverge. They separate but appearto come from a principle focus on the other side of the lens.In a ray diagram, a concave lens is drawn as a vertical linewith inward facing arrows to indicate the shape of the lens.

The table shows the descriptions of the uses of lenses and the types of images produced. Match these to the letter of the correct diagrams below.

Description Image Diagram LetterA camera or human eye Inverted; Diminished; RealProjector Inverted; Magnified; RealMagnifying glass Upright; Magnified; VirtualPeep hole lens in door Upright; Diminished; Virtual

Read the Wv16 & 17 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

DC

BA

Wv16 &17 Converging and Diverging ray diagrams for lenses Exam Question Practice

Q1.A student investigated how the nature of the image depends on the position of the object in front of a large converging lens.

The diagram shows one position for the object.

(a) Use a ruler to complete a ray diagram to show how the image of the object is formed.

(4)

(b) Describe the nature of this image relative to the object.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q2.The graph shows how a concave lens forms an image of an object.

(a) Which point on the graph above marks the position of the principal focus of the lens?Tick one box.

A B C D

(1)

(b) Which two words describe the image? Tick two boxes. (2)

Enlarged Inverted Real Upright Virtual

(c) Calculate the magnification produced by the lens. Use the equation:

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Magnification = ____________________

(4)

(d) Complete the sentence. Choose an answer from the box.

decrease increase not change

As the object is moved further away from the lens, the size of

the image will __________________________ (1)

(Total 8 marks)

Wv 18Physics

Colour Mixing How the wavelength of light changes across the visible

spectrum. How light behaves in transparent and translucent objects. Why opaque objects appear different colours. The effect of viewing objects through a coloured filter and the

effect on light passing through a filter.

Comprehension Task 1. A bottle looks blue in blue light and it looks blue in white light. Why does the bottle look blue in both kinds of light?

Fill in the gaps to explain why the bottle looks blue. You should only use the words reflects and

absorbs

In blue lightBlue light does not contain any other colour, just blue. When it lights up the bottle, the bottle __________ blue light. We see the light that the bottle __________.

In white lightWhite light contains all the colours of the spectrum. When the bottle is in white light it __________ blue light. The bottle __________ red light and green light. It __________ all of the colours in white light except for blue. We see the bottle because of the light that it __________.

2. The Doctor’s Tardis lands on the Red Planet. There is only red light.

a. What colour will the TARDIS look on the Red Planet? Put an X in the box next to the best answer.

A Blue

B Red

C Purple (magenta)

D Black

b. Why do you think it looks this colour?

A There is only red light

B Blue does not reflect red light

C The paint is blue

D The eye adds the red light to the blue


Wv18 Colour mixing Exam Question Practice

Q1.Some objects are transparent and some objects are opaque.

(a) Which one of the objects in Figure 1 is transparent? Tick one box.

Figure 1

(1)

(b) Complete the sentence. Choose an answer from the box.

absorb reflect transmit

An opaque object does not ___________________________ light. (1)

A student wears a white T-shirt and a red baseball cap to a party.

(c) Why does the T-shirt look white in white light?

___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(1)

(d) Explain how the colour of the baseball cap appears to change when the room lights at the party change from white to blue.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(2)

(Total 5 marks)

Q2.(a) The visible light spectrum has a range of frequencies. Figure 1 shows that the

frequency increases from red light to violet light.

Increasing frequency

Red Green Violet

Use the correct answers from the box to complete the sentence.

decreases stays the same increases

As the frequency of the light waves increases, the wavelength

of the light waves ______________________________ and

the energy of the light waves ______________________________ . (2)

(b) Bottled beer will spoil if the intensity of the light passing through the glass bottle into the beer is too high. Figure 3 shows the intensity of the light that is transmitted through three different pieces of glass.

Wavelength × 10– 9 in metres

(i) The pieces of glass all had the same thickness. Suggest why.

____________________________________________________________(1)

(ii) Bottles made of brown glass are suitable for storing beer. Suggest why.

____________________________________________________________(1)

(Total 4 marks)

Read the Wv19 sections on your knowledge organisers before you begin.

Comprehension Task All bodies (objects) emit and absorb infrared radiation. They do this whatever their temperature. The hotter the body:

the more infrared radiation it gives out in a given time the greater the proportion of emitted radiation is visible light

Complete this organiser for objects known as Black Bodies.

Definition

Diagram

Examples

Non examples

Black Body (Radiation)

Wv 19Physics

Black body Radiation What is meant by a black body. The relationship between absorption and emission of

radiation. The effect wavelength intensity and distribution has on the

temperature of a body. [H] How the radiation absorbed, and the radiation emitted

affect the temperature of a body.

Wv19 Black Body radiation Exam Question Practice

Q1.The diagram shows the apparatus that a student used to investigate the heating effect of different wavelengths of light.

(a) (i) The student put thermometer D outside of the light spectrum. Suggest why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(1)

(ii) The table gives the position and reading of each thermometer 10 minutes after the investigation started.

Thermometer Position of thermometer Temperature in °C

A in violet light 21

B in green light 22

C in red light 24

D outside the spectrum 20

What should the student conclude from the data in the table?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

(2)

(b) A similar investigation completed in 1800 by the scientist Sir William Herschel led to the discovery of infrared radiation.

Suggest how the student could show that the spectrum produced by the glass prism has an infrared region.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(c) A person emits infrared radiation at a frequency of 3.2 x 1013 Hz.

Calculate the wavelength of the infrared radiation that a person emits.

Take the speed of infrared radiation to be 3.0 x 108 m/s.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Wavelength = _________________________ m

(2)

(d) A thermal imaging camera detects infrared radiation. Electronic circuits inside the camera produce a visible image of the object emitting the infrared radiation.

At night, police officers use thermal imaging cameras to track criminals running away from crime scenes.

Thermal imaging cameras work better at night than during the day.

Explain why.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

(2)

(Total 9 marks)

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