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Metaphorical Expression Lesson: Energy Angel Mealor

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Title: Metaphorical ExpressionType: Lesson PlanSubject: ScienceGrade Range: 8Description: Energy TransformationsDuration: 70 MinutesAuthor(s): Angel Mealor & Rossie Kennedy

Instructional Unit Content

Standard(s)/Element(s) Content Area Standard S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. a. Explain energy transformation in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

TAG Standard Creative Thinking & Creative Problem Solving Skills 7. The student uses analogies, metaphors, and/or models to explain complex concepts.

Summary/Overview

The focus of this lesson is to give students the opportunity to develop new insights and provide explanations of the importance of energy and how it is conserved as it changes forms within a system. The students will make connections between the behavior of energy and experiences of their daily lives.

Enduring Understanding(s)

At the end of this lesson the student will understand that a. Energy can change forms (light, heat, sound, kinetic, electrical, potential, mechanical,

nuclear, chemical) b. According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, total energy is conserved within a system.

Energy is not created or destroyed, only transferred.

Essential Question(s)

How is energy transformed and conserved in a system?

Concept(s) to Maintain

1TAG Endorsement Portfolio 2012-2013


The Law of Conservation of Energy

Evidence of Learning

What students should know:a. Total energy within a system is conserved according to the Law of Conservation of

Energyb. The characteristics of the various forms of energy and how are they alike and different.c. How energy transforms from one form to another

What students should be able to do:a. use direct analogies, personal analogies, and compressed conflicts to explain energy

transformations and conservation .

Suggested Vocabulary

Energy Kinetic Energy Potential Energy

Procedure(s)

Phase 1: Hook

“Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what you are going to get.” –Forest Gump

1. Students will participate in a Brainstorming Activity. Students will think about Forest’s analogy between life and a box of chocolates in pairs. They will develop/record all ideas. As a class, we will discuss how comparisons between unrelated objects/ideas cause us to expand our understanding of the objects/ideas. Explain to the students that “today in science we are going to think about energy using these three types of metaphors.”

Phase 2: Examine the Content

2. Set the Scene: The instructor will ask students what would happen if their car ran out of gas. What would happen? Why do we have to put gas in our cars? How does the gas get used up? Where does it go?

3. Pose the Essential Question. “Why is it necessary for energy to change forms within a system?” How is our essential question connected to our discussion about filling up


Electrical Energy Nuclear Energy Mechanical Energy

Thermal Energy Electromagnetic Energy Chemical Energy


your car with gas?4. Students will work individually to read a description of energy transformations and

conservation. Each student will pair up with another to compare their answers and verify their understanding of the concept of energy transformation and conservation.

Phase 3: Analogies

5. Direct Analogy: “How is energy like money?” Students will identify the similarities and differences between energy transformations and money. In groups of 2 record how they are alike and different using the visual organizer.

6. Personal Analogy: Students will analyze the energy transformations that take place in their bodies and compare themselves to a bank. Individually record the answers to the following questions: How do you get energy? How do you feel when you have not eaten in a while? How does your body use food as fuel? How does your body convert energy into different forms like a bank converts currency and transfers money between accounts?Students will write a paragraph, poem, or song in the first person about their body as a bank in terms of energy.

7. Compressed Conflict: Candidates will brainstorm antonyms of energy in order to create compressed conflict phrases.

Phase 4: Synthesis Activity

8. Candidates will generate another direct analogy by completing the following sentence: energy is like ________. Give at least 5 reasons why energy is like the item in your sentence.

Summarizing Activity

Presentation and discussion of energy analogies. Have students conduct a “glow and grow” then vote and give out prizes for the most creative, the most applicable, and the most original. Nominees for the awards must give one minute speeches explaining why their analogy fits the award they have been nominated for.

Anchor Text(s): Holt Physical Science Textbook

Technology:

Handouts:Handout 1: Description of energy transformations and conservationHandout 2: Brainstorming…direct analogyHandout 3: Personal Analogy OrganizerHandout 4: Compressed ConflictHandout 5: Create your own analogy



What is Energy?...

“Energeia” is the Greek word for energy, meaning in or at work.

Over time, energy has come to mean many things to us. In physical science, energy means the ability to do work. Work means a change in position, speed, state, or form of matter. Therefore, energy is the capacity to change matter.

Everything we do involves energy. Getting up, going to school, and doing chores require energy. In fact, everything that happens in the universe, from the eruption of volcanoes, to the sprouting of seed, to the moving of people, takes energy. When we turn on a motor, drive a car, cook on a stove or switch on a light, we are using energy.

Forms of Energy...

Energy comes in seven forms: chemical energy, electrical energy, radiant energy, sound energy, mechanical energy, nuclear energy and thermal energy. These six forms of energy are all related. Each form can be converted or changed into the other forms. For example, when wood burns, its chemical energy changes into thermal (heat) energy and radiant (light) energy. Not all energy conversions are as simple as burning wood. An automobile engine is a complex tool that converts the chemical energy in a fuel into mechanical energy, the energy of motion.

Energy Transformations

Energy can be changed from one form to another. For example, as water falls over a waterfall, its gravitational potential energy is first transformed into kinetic energy, then into thermal energy when it hits the ground. Or the kinetic energy of the water stream could be transformed (1) into the rotational kinetic energy of a turbine shaft, then (2) into electricity by turning the shaft of a generator, then (3) into thermal energy by passing the electricity through a resistor, raising its temperature. Finally, heat can be transferred from the resistor to the surrounding air, to warm a house.

Law of Conservation of Energy

We have often heard phrases like, "Conserve energy; turn off the lights." To scientists, conservation of energy is something entirely different. The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a system remains constant ("is conserved"), although energy within the system can be changed from one form to another or transferred from one object to another. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed. That's really what we mean when we say we are "using" energy. The law of conservation of energy means that when energy is being used, it is not being used up. Instead, it is being changed from one form into another. A car engine burns fuel, converting the fuel's chemical energy into mechanical energy to make the car move. Windmills change the wind's energy into mechanical energy to turn turbines, which then produce electricity. Solar cells change sunlight (radiant energy) into electrical energy.



Personal Analogy: Energy Transformations


WHAT DO I KNOW ABOUT MONEY?

WHAT DO I KNOW ABOUT ENERGY?

HOW IS ENERGY LIKE MONEY?

HOW ARE THEY NOT ALIKE?


Pretend that you are a banker that deals with international money transfers and answer the following questions.

Where are you located? Where are your clients located

Describe a day in the life of an international banker. How do you feel?

How do you transfer money between individuals in different countries?

Do all countries have equal monetary resources? (List several sources of

income for different regions of the world)

Write a paragraph, poem, or song in first person about your life as an international banker.

Compressed Conflict: Energy Transformations



List five important words to describe energy transformations.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

List an antonym for each word to the left.

Review your original list and its antonyms. Do any of the pairs of words seem to fight each other but still describe energy transformations? Create three Compressed Conflicts. Compressed conflicts involve describing an object with two words which seem to be opposites or contradictions of each other. (For example: an oak tree is majestic…the antonym of majestic is weak…now describe the oak tree and how it might be BOTH majestic and weak)

Create your own analogy

Complete the following phrase and then list five reasons why energy is like the term in your analogy.


Name: __________________________


“Energy is like____________________________”

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Glow Grow


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