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AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
I am I’m not Am I? Yes, I am. No, I’m not.You are You aren’t Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren’tHe is He isn’t Is he? Yes, he is. No, he isn’tShe is She isn’t Is she? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.It is It isn’t Is it Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.We are We aren’t Are we? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.You are You aren’t Are you? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.They are They aren’t Are they? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t
VERB TO BE
Back to School The Basics
Colors
pink blue yellow green black brown white orange red grey purple
Greetings
Hi! Hello! Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! Goodbye! Bye! Goodnight!
How are you? I’m fine thanks.
And you? Not bad.
I’m 10 years old How old are you? I’m from Russia What’s your
name? How do you spell
it? What’s your
School Subjects
My favorite subject is…
English geography music history maths computers science art physical
education (PE) drama
School supplies
schoolbag notebook book ruler atlas pencil sharpener pencil pencil case pen
Classroom Language
Read Listen Be quiet, please. Come to the board,
please. Open your books Close your books Sit down please Stand up, please.
Singular Plural
this these
that those
Existential in Present Demonstratives
Wh-questions Meaning ExampleWhat ¿Qué? What is your name?When ¿Cuándo? When is your birthday?Where ¿Dónde? Where is your book bag?Why ¿Por qué? Why are you sad today?Who ¿Quién? Who is that man?Which ¿Cuál? Which is your favorite song?How ¿Cómo? How old are you?How many… ¿Cuántos? How many apples are there?How much… ¿Cuánto? How much money do you have?How often… ¿Que tan a
menudo?How often do you go to the movies?
Describing PeopleI am…
young/old tall/short thin/fat
I have… big/small (nose,
mouth, eyes, head etc.)
long / short / medium hair
straight /wavy / curly hair
Black / blond / red / grey / brown hair
Subject Pronouns
Possessive Adjectives
I myYou yourHe hisShe herIt itsWe ourYou yourThey theirCOUNTRIES NATIONALITIES LANGUAGE
The UK British EnglishThe USA American EnglishPoland Polish PolishTurkey Turkish TurkishFrance French FrenchRussia Russian RussianItaly Italian ItalianPortugal Portuguese PortugueseGreece Greek GreekMexico Mexican SpanishChina Chinese ChineseSpain Spanish SpanishJapan Japanese JapaneseSaudi Arabia Saudi Arabian Arabic
Affirmative Negative Questions Short Answers
There is There isn’t
Is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
There are There aren’t
Are there?
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
a/an Some anyFor 1 thing Means a few Used for questions and negatives
For countables and uncountables For countables and uncountablesA chair Some chairs I don’t have any French books.An apple Some water/butter/sugar Do you have any money?
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTSIONS SHORT ANSWERS No “s”
I like I don’t like Do I like? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.You like You don’t like Do you like? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.He likes He doesn’t like Does he like? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.She likes She doesn’t like Does she like? Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t.It likes It doesn’t like Does it like? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.We like We don’t like Do we like? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.You like You don’t like Do you like? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.They like They don’t like Do they like? Yes, they do. No, they don’t.
Ordinal Numbers
Cardinal Numbers
1st. first 1 one
2nd. second 2 two
3rd. third 3 three
4th. fourth 4 four
5th. fifth 5 five
6th. sixth 6 six
7th. seventh 7 seven
8th. eight 8 eight
9th. ninth 9 nine
10th. tenth 10 ten
11th. eleventh 11 eleven
12th. twelfth 12 twelve
13th. thirteenth 13 thirteen
14th. fourteenth 14 fourteen
20th. twentieth 20 twenty
21st. twenty first 21 twenty one
22nd. twenty second 22 twenty two
30th. thirtieth 30 thirty
31st. thirty first 31 thirty one
Singular Nouns
Plural Nouns
Rules
doll dolls Añadir una -s al final del sustantivo.cat cats
glass glassesAñadir -es si la palabra
acaba en -sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -x, -z, -o
tomato tomatoeswatch watchesbuzz buzzesbox boxeslady ladies Cuando la palabra acaba en -
y, y va precedida de consonante se sustituye esta por una -i y se añade -es
cherry cherriesbaby babies
leaf leaves Algunas palabras que acaban en -f o -fe, hacen el plural cambiando estos
por -ves
knife kniveslife livesscarf scarveschild children
Plurales Irregulares
mouse miceman menwoman womenfoot feettooth teethperson peoplenews news
Algunas palabras van siempre en plural y otras
siempre en sigular.
scissors scissorspants pantsfish fishdeer deer
Describing People rude clever quiet ugly hardworking polite happy funny strong weak noisy silly serious
Prepositions Spanishin en (dentro)on en (sobre)under debajobehind detrásnext to al ladoin front of en frente debetween entrenear cerca
Family members grandfather grandmother dad mum/mom brother sister uncle aunt daughter father-in-law mother-in-law husband wife cousin/cousin
Present SimpleWe use it for habits of routines.We use it for things that are true.We use it with these words:
always often usually sometimes rarely/seldom never
Daily Routines get up in the morning go to school go to bed have breakfast have lunch have dinner watch TV take a shower brush my teeth wash the dishes do my bed
Jobs What do they do?
vet looks after sick animals teacher teaches children mechanic fixes cars secretary types letters, helps her boss hairdresser fixes people’s hair/cuts hair nurse takes care of people in the hospital photographer takes pictures footballer plays football pilot flies planes
Adjective Comparative Superlative Rules
long longer than the longest Cuando el adjetivo tiene 1 silaba (en sonido) se le
agrega -er (comparativos) -est (superlativos) al final
del adjetivo
wide wider than the widest big bigger than the biggest fast faster than the fastest
heavy heavier than the heaviest Cuando el adjetivo termine en y se aplica la
misma regla que si tuviera una sola sílaba.
pretty prettier than the prettiest
beautiful more beautiful than
the most beautiful Cuando el adjetivo tiene 2 o más silabas (en sonido) se le agrega more + adjective
(comparativos) the most + adjective
(superlativos)
dangerous more dangerous than
the most dangerous
good better than best
No siguen ninguna de las reglas anteriores.
bad worse than the worse far farther/further
thanthe farthest/ the furthest
many more than the most
Formal and Informal Greetings Formal Greetings Informal Greetings
IN AT ON
December at 8 o’clock on my birthday in the morning at school on Monday in the afternoon at work on Christmas day in the evening at night on august 8th in summer/winter at noon/at midnight in spring/in
autumnat the weekend
- Good morning - Hello- Good afternoon - Hi- Good evening - How are you doing? - How do you do? - How have you been?- How are you? - How are things going? Formal Responses Informal Responses -Good morning - Hello/Hi- Good afternoon - Hi- Good evening - Fine, thanks and you?- Very well, thank you - Great, thanks
Formal closings Informal closings-It has been a pleasure, goodbye - I have to go now, bye-Thank you for your time, goodbye - I’ll see you later/around, bye
- Have a nice day, bye