World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

Geography of Africa Top:

o Coast is ________________________________

o Below is the world’s largest desert, the ____________________.

o Underground water tunnels allow _______________ to form along

the Sahara.

o What animals are best for travel across north Africa? _____________

o Caravans traded ______________, _______________, ideas, and

religion.

Center:

o Grasslands (flat, no shrubs)

o ______________________ (both grass and some shrubs)

o ______________________ (high, flat areas)

o Wooded forests

o Tropical _________________________________

o The center of Africa is most heavily affected by its location on the

_____________________, with hotter temperatures and greater

amounts of _____________.

Bottom:o Wooded forests

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

o Savannas (both grass and some shrubs)o Grasslands (flat, no shrubs)

African Families Lived in smaller communities/tribes, and most people were connected by the

same _____________________ (family _____________________).

Lineage was traced through the _________________ family -

________________________.

Women often times had many responsibilities, jobs, and respect.

Boys & Girls were educated with local knowledge, but attended

______________________ schools.

o At puberty they were “______________________” back into the

community.

African Culture

Art, music, and dance were created for __________________ and spiritual

purposes.

Storytelling was used to teach __________________________ and to pass

down history.

Marriages were arranged.

o Groom paid the dowry to the bride’s family.

African Slavery

o Small desert areaso Small mountains

Europeans did _________ introduce slavery to Africa. It had been practiced since

ancient times in _______________ and all over the world.

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

North African Berber tribes raided villages south of the Sahara and sold their

captives throughout the _____________________________________.

All ____________________ Africans were captured and sold as slaves.

The sale and used of captives for ________________________ was

common in African societies farther south and along the eastern coast of

Africa.

The slave trade has ___________ completely ________________ in Africa

and is still practiced in parts of the continent.

African Kingdoms

Kingdom of Ghana (750-1200)o First of the African kingdoms.

o Between the _________________ & _________________ Rivers.

o Relied on strong __________________ forces to control the land and

protect the kingdom.

o Took control of West Africa’s major trade routes.

___________ & ____________ were the most precious and

expensive commodities.

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

____________ were also sold off to Muslim traders who came

from Arabia.

o Ghana kings used taxes to build large armies with cavalries.

o Had a system like European __________________________.

King appointed nobles to rule in return for taxes.

o Ghana rulers & nobles would use captives of war as their slaves.

Abused and sold them.

o 1076: Ghana was invaded by Muslims from the north.

This brought _______________ to West Africa.

Ghana never recovered and dissolved into smaller states.

Kingdom of Mali (1240-1400)o 1240: The Mali conquered the old Ghana capitol and took over the

area.

o Took control of the gold and salt trade.

o Mali rulers converted to _____________, but people stayed loyal to

old traditions.

Mansa Musa

o Mali’s most famous ruler.

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

Strengthened the ______________________ and doubled the

size of the kingdom.

1324: ________________________________________

Ordered the building of mosques, libraries, and universities in

______________________ so that it would become a center of Islamic learning.

o The Timbuktu university attracted students from Africa, Europe, and

Asia.

o It was encouraged that ________________________ learn to at least

read and write in Mali language.

o Later rulers of Mali were not as great as Mansa Musa and the

kingdom collapsed.

Kingdom of Songhai (1464-1600)

o Sultan _______________________ captured Timbuktu and

established the Songhai kingdom.

Used military force to take more land and control the gold and

salt trade.

o Songhai became the __________________ of the West African

kingdoms.

Took thousands of people with him.

Camels carried food, clothes, and gold that he

____________________________ along his travels.

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

o Timbuktu remained a center of ___________________.

o ______________ was heavily enforced as the only acceptable faith.

o 1591: ____________________ from north Africa invaded the Songhai.

Used ______________________ and muskets to overpower the

battles.

o When the Songhai fell, _____________________ great kingdom

would rise to take over Africa again.

o West Africa split into many _______________________ where

_______________________ grew among the societies.

“Stateless” Societies Not all areas of Africa were ______________ as “states” or kingdoms.

Many of the areas were “__________________________,” meaning they

were a group of villages that organized themselves and allowed

________________________________ to rule.

This happened more frequently in the southern half.

Zimbabwe Developed in ____________ Africa.

Used huge walls to enclose major cities for protection and provision.

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages

Known for its rich ______________________________.

o Wealthy trade along the east coast.

o Trade stretched as far as _____________ under the reign of Kubali Khan.

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAfrica in the Middle Ages