Chapter 16. Paul O. Ritcher. 1958. Biology of Scarabaeidae. Pages 311-334. In: Edward A. Steinhaus, Ray F. Smith (editors). Annual Review of Entomology. Volume 3, 520 pages. Palo Alto, California: Annual Reviews Inc.

Keywords: food habits, food of adults, phytophagy, scavengers, saprophagous, Zonocopris gibbicollis, Aphodius subterraneus, Bloboceras darlingtoni, Bolbolasmus gallicus, Melolontha, Phyllophaga, defoliate trees, Apogonia cribricollis, A. expeditionis, Polyphylla decemlineata, Costelytra zealandica, Macrodactylus subspinosus, Hoplia callipyge, Amphimallon majalis, Cochliotis melolonthoides, Popillia japonica, Anomala orientalis, Chaetadoretus cribratus Adoretus compressus, Hylaorpha elegans, Nothofagus obliqua, Strategus, quadrifoveatus, Euetheola, rice, maize, sugarcane pests, Heteronychus licas, H. consimilis, wheat pest, Heteronychus sanctae-helenae, root pest, Podischnus agenor, Oryctes rhinoceros coconut, Cyclocephala immaculata, C. borealis, eat overripe fruit, Cotinis nitida, C. texana, sorghum, cotton, corn, Trichiotinus, Cetonia aurata, Potosia aeriginosa, Potosia cuprea, Valgus canaliculatus, food of larvae, Deltochilum, Aphodius pardalis, Ataenius, Aphodius howetti, Aphodius pseudotasmaniae, Lethrus aptrus, Geotrupes ulkei, Pleocoma, Lichnanthe vulpine, Lichnanthe rathvoni, Cloeotus, Adoretus sinicus, Phytotaema, Sericoides, Shizochelus, forage crops, Calonota, Lepidiota, Holotrichia, Psilopholis, Cochliotes melolonthoides, Cnemarachis, Clemora, Cyclocephala immaculata, Dyscinetus trachypygus rice beetle,Trichiotinus, Osmoderma, nidification, dung beetles Canthon, Copris, Phanaeus, Deltachilum, Nesosisyphus, Geotrupes blackburni, Strategus quadrifovfeatus, S. Mormon, S. antaeus, number of molts, pupation habits, pupation habits, length of life cycle, larvae aestivate in hot dry areas, Pleocoma, Melolontha hippocastani, Polyphylla fulla, Autoserica castanea, two to three year life cycles, Prastasia brevipes has two or three year life cycle, mating habits, inter-relationships with other insects, found in ant nests, some are predators, Trox procerus feed on grasshopper eggs, some are associated with ants or termites, natural enemies, bacteria, fungi, rickettsiae, insect predators, natural biocontrol