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ESSAonline10 Trial 2014ESSAonline10 is an interactive online science assessment for Year 10 students. In 2014, the trial test was based on content from the NSW Board of Studies Science Years 7–10Syllabus. The following resource is a print version of the 2014 ESSAonline10 Trial test.

Extended response task 1: Which is sweeter? (6 marks)

Lucinda wanted to investigate a claim made by the soft drink manufacturer.

The manufacturer said that its low-sugar soft drinks contained less sugar than the low-sugar

soft drinks made by other manufacturers.

What steps would Lucinda need to carry out in order to test the soft drinks?

Explain why these steps are needed if Lucinda is to provide advice about the manufacturer’s claim.

ESSAonline10 Trial 2014© 2014 NSW Department of Education and Communities page 1

ESSAonline10 Trial 2014 page 2© 2014 NSW Department of Education and Communities

Extended response task 2: Antibiotic resistance (6 marks)

Antibiotics are drugs that kill a wide range of bacteria that cause infections. They are prescribed by doctors.

In the 1940s an Australian scientist, Howard Florey, was the first person to develop the antibiotic penicillin, to help patients suffering from bacterial infection.

Since then, many of the bacteria that cause these infections have developed an ‘antibiotic resistance’ to penicillin. That is, penicillin no longer kills these bacteria.

*Antibiotic resistance is a type of drug resistance where a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic.

Use the diagram to explain how bacteria evolve to develop antibiotic resistance.


Extended response task 3: Go Jo! (6 marks)

This video shows a person running on a treadmill. Exercise scientists use a machine called a spirometer to measure the volume of air breathed in and out before and during exercise.

The graphs represent the volume of air breathed in and out before and during exercise.

Describe the changes inside Jo’s body as she begins to exercise.

How would a scientist explain the changes in her body?


Read the following article then complete items 1 to 10.

1 Devon and Cynthia changed the investigation to improve safety and reduce the risks by removing a hazard.

What was the hazard?

chips

peanuts the internet

safety glasses

2 Which equipment would be used to measure temperature change of the water?

stopwatch

thermometer

electronic balance

measuring cylinder

3 The role of the photo in the stimulus is to show

the equipment required

the experiment procedure

the setup of the equipment

the way to collect the results

4 What is the name of this piece of equipment?

beaker

test tube

conical flask

measuring cylinder

Feature Stage of investigation

Controlling the variables

Background research

Reading articles on the internet

Method

Deciding to usechips instead of nuts

Results

Collecting the data during the investigation

Risk assessment


5 What is the scientific understanding that this investigation is based upon?

Burning food produces energy.

Water boils when it reaches100oC.

Chemical reactions produce new substances.

Peanuts can cause allergic reactions in some people.

6 Draw lines to match each investigation stage with its feature.

7 Think about the variables that would affect Cynthia and Devon's investigation.

Which is the independent (changed)variable in this investigation?

type of chip

mass of the chip

volume of water used

temperature of water after heating

8 How could Devon and Cynthia improve reliability of their investigation?

use different brands of chips

use a greater mass of eachchip

increase the number of different types of chips

test more than one sample of each type of chip

9 Devon and Cynthia will write a report on their investigation. What will Devon and Cynthia include in their bibliography?

the equipment list

the list of references they used

their discussion andconclusion

the background notes(information) they collected



Maglev trainsMagnetic levitation uses electromagnets to produce a magnetic field in the guideway for the train.By alternating the poles of the magnetic field (north and south), the train's permanent magnet is 'repelled' along its course.The repulsion of the magnets means that the train will float above the track. This removes the frictional forces that causenormal trains to wear out.

Question 11 and 12 refer to this graph.

11 The graph above represents the journey of a maglev train.Which section represents the train's journey back to Central station - Sydney

A to B

B to C

C to D

D to E

12 The graph above represents the journey of a maglev train.

Bewteen sections D and E the train is travelling at an average speed of

kilometres per hour.

13 Which force is the electromagnet opposing when it levitates the train above the track?’

frictional

magnetic

electrical

gravitational

Force Origin

Lift Gravity / magnets / air resistance

Drag Gravity / magnets / air resistance

Thrust Gravity / magnets / air resistance

weight Gravity / magnets / air resistance


14

Match the force on the maglev train with its origin.

15 What scientific principle does the maglev train rely upon?

Electromagnets require high currents and voltages to lift a train above the track.

Unlike conventional trains, maglev trains do not burn fossil fuels in their engines.

The polarity of electromagnets can be changed to attract or repel other magnets.

Maglev trains travel faster than normal trains because there is nofriction with the track.

Circle the response to show your choice.



Bt cotton teesIf a T-shirt is made with cotton grown in Australia, there’s a good chance that the cotton is from a genetically modified plant.

In the case of Australian cotton, scientists were looking for a way to protect cotton crops from being eaten by a pest – the Helicoverpa caterpillar. Farmers once sprayed large quantities of insecticide on their crops to kill caterpillars, but this was costly, polluting and killed other insects. Soscientists started looking for a better option.

Scientists have since found a microscopic soil bacterium called Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) that produces proteins poisonous to the Helicoverpa caterpillar. These proteins do not affect any other insects, mammals or birds – just the pesky caterpillar. The scientists analysed the bacterium’s DNA and found the particular genes that coded for the proteins. They made a copy of these genes and inserted them into the cotton DNA.

This caterpillar, Helicoverpa loves to eat cotton plants. Scientists have inserted a gene into cotton plants that codes for a protein poisonous to this type of caterpillar..

Bt cotton tee

Helicoverpa caterpiller

16 What benefit is produced from inserting bacterium genes into cotton plant DNA?

The cotton farmers use less insecticide.

The cotton produces better cotton for tee shirts.

The farmers grow a greater variety of cotton plants.

The cotton plants produce bacteria to kill caterpillars.

17 How has the change in Bt cotton been produced?

by natural selection

by using insecticides

by using biotechnology


18 When Bt cotton cells divide to replace dead cells the DNA is replicated exactly.

What advantage does this give the new cells?

The new cells will be more resistant to caterpillars.

The new cells will last longer than the ones they replace.

The new cells will be better adapted than the ones they replace.

The new cells will perform the same functions as the cells they replace.

19 A change in a cell's DNA is called

a mutation

a deformity

a chromosome

a decomposition

20 The diagram shows a section of aDNA molecule.

What name is given to the section ofDNA labelled X?

base

gene factor

chromosome



John Dalton (1766 –1844)

John Dalton was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modernatomic theory, and hisresearch into colour blindness.

Dalton’s atomic model

• Dalton stated that elements consisted of tiny indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms

• He also called the elements pure substances because all atoms of anelement were identical and that inparticular they had the same mass

• He also said the reason why elements differed from one another was that atomsof each element had different masses.

• He also said that compounds consisted of atoms of different elements combinedtogether.

This image shows a page from Dalton’s notebook. Dalton was the first to use symbols to represent the elements. The numbers represent the relative atomic mass compared to

hydrogen.

21 The model of the atom has changed since Dalton's time.

Why has the model of the atom changed

Scientists often change their minds.

Famous scientists make up newmodels.

New evidence does not fit the old model.

The scientists that made up the old models had died.

22 Which of Dalton's symbols represents carbon?


23 Potash is often used as a fertiliser. John Dalton thought that potash was an element. However, modern chemists views potash as a compound with the formula, K2CO3.

Which elements make up potash?

Circle the correct options to show your answer

24 The equipment has been set up to make oxygen gas and hydrogen gas from water.

What type of reaction is demonstrated here?

corrosion

combustion

neutralisation

decomposition

25 Today, the atom is often drawn to show its electrons, protons and neutrons.

Label this atom.

26 Potash is a white powder often used as a fertiliser. John Dalton thought that potash was an element.

Modern chemistry views potash as a compound.

Why did Dalton think that potash was an element?

He could not dissolve it in water.

He did not have the technology tobreak it down.

He could not separate the potash using distillation.

He could not turn the potash from a solid white powder into a gas.



Guinea worm

Guinea worm is a large parasitic worm that causes guinea worm disease. People get the disease when they drink contaminated water.Guinea worm disease is usually not fatal, but the painful blisters it causes stop adults from working and children from going to school.

The control and prevention of the disease relies on communities using filtering devices to stop themselves from ingesting the worm larvae when they are drinking water. One of these devices is the pipe filter. The pipe filter is made up of a straw with a small cloth. The holes in the cloth are too small for the larvae to get past so

people can drink water without ingesting the larvae. This stops the guinea worm’s lifecycle.

Guinea worm disease will soon become the second disease to be eradicated from the Earth. It will be the first disease to be eradicated without the use of vaccinations.

biotic abiotic

Oxygen levels in the water

Water fleas in the water

Water temperature


27 What other measures could be used to control the Guinea worm disease?

Yes No

poisoning of the fleas

better health education

surgical removal of worms

provision of clean drinking water

introduction of cane toads to eat the worms

28 What size can a female worm grow inside the human body?

up to one metre

a few centimetres

the worms are microscopic

29 Where do the adult worms reproduce?

in the water

inside humans inside

water fleas inside the

water pipes

30 The pipe filter is designed to interrupt the guinea worm’s lifecycle.

Which stage in the guinea worm’s lifecycle does the pipe filter directly interrupt?

The pipe filter stops the water flea from surviving in the water.

The pipe filter stops the guinea worm larvae from reproducing.

The pipe filter stops the guinea worm larvae from entering a person’s body

The pipe filter stops the guinea worm larvae from being released intowater.

31 What other measures could be used to control the Guinea worm disease?

Environmental features

Graph: Reported cases of Guinea disease

32 On hot days, water particles in the pool What is the trend of reported cases of guinea worm disease worldwide between1989 and 2006?

The data is too erratic to describe a trend.

Reported cases of guinea worm disease are increasing.

Reported cases of guinea worm disease are decreasing.

Reported cases of guinea worm disease remain the same.

infectious Non- infectious

The disease is caused by an organism (eg malaria)

The disease is caused by lifestyle (eg Type II diabetes)

The disease is transmitted from person to person (eg influenza)

The disease is inherited (eg haemophilia)


Graph: Reported cases of Guinea disease

33 What is the purpose of this graph?

to show the number of cases ofGuinea worm disease over time

to show how communities areaffected by the Guinea worm disease

to show that the Guinea worm disease might be the next disease to be eradicated

to show how the filter pipe has caused the eradication of the Guinea worm disease

34 Diseases can be infectious or non- infectious.

The table shows features of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Classify these features as infectious or non-infectious.

Feature



35 Why is it important to weigh the bungee jumper before he jumps?

to estimate how long it will take to fall

to counteract air resistance when falling

to predict how far the bungee cord will stretch

to approximate how many bounces the bungee jumper will do

36 The name of this piece of equipment is

clamp

boss head

metre stick

retort stand


37 Brett wondered how the dimensions of a rubber band would affect how far it stretches.

Dimension Rank

Width

Length

ThicknessShow your answer (1 smallest 3 largest)

38 Brett measured the unstretched rubber band to be 8.1 centimetres.

How many millimetres is this?

0.81

8.1

81

810

39 Which is the dependent variable that is measured in this investigation?

length of the rubber band

thickness of the rubber band amount

of mass added to the carrier

time taken to stretch the rubber band

Questions 40 to 42 refer to this graph40 Which is the dependent variable that is

measured in this investigation?

How can the trend in the graph above be described?

As the mass increases, the rubber band stretches at an uneven rate.

As the mass decreases, the rubber band stretches at an uneven rate.

As the mass increases, the rubber band stretches at a constant rate.

As the mass decreases, the rubber band stretches at a constant rate.

41 How many millimeters will the rubber band stretch to if a total of 600g were placed on it?

Write your answer in the box.

42 What conclusion can be drawn from the graph?

As the rubber band stretches, it causes the mass to increase.

As the rubber band stretches, it causes the mass to decrease.

As the mass is increased, it causes the rubber band to stretch.

As the mass is increased, it causes


the rubber band to contract



Earthquakes in Australia?

ABC Science, May 2012

Earlier this year an earthquake occurred in South Australia, far from

the edges of the Indo-Australian plate.

Professor Bill Collins from the University of Newcastle suggested that

we could, "consider the Earth to be like an egg. It has a shell and a

soft interior. The shell consists of tectonic plates, and in some places

they move towards each other and in others they move apart."

When the plates push against each other, energy is transferred to the

middle of the plate. Sometimes this energy is released as an

earthquake. The energy for the South Australian quake was

transferred from the Southern Alps of New Zealand, which are found

at the edge of the Indo- Australian plate.

43 Professor Collins uses the egg to

prove a theory

model the Earth

test a hypothesis

provide evidence

44 Professor Bill Collins says that, "The energy of the South Australian quake would have been transferred from the Southern Alps of New Zealand".

Why did he say this??

New Zealand is close to Australia.

New Zealand often has earthquakes.

He recently discovered the Indo-Australian plate.

He identifies trends and patterns in earthquakes.

45 This shows the earthquakes in our region during November 2012.

What is the best explanation for these earthquakes?

Why did he say this?

Earthquakes occur in shallow seas.

Earthquakes occur in an east/westline.

Earthquakes occur close to plate boundaries.

Earthquakes only occur close to coastal areas..


46 The diagram shows how heat is transferred in the Earth’s mantle.

How is the heat transferred in the mantle?

explain cause and effect

allow comparisons to be made

make information more accurate

demonstrate how quickly thingschange

47 Earthquakes produce seismic waves

These are waves that carry

water

sound

energy

matter

48 Which earthquake caused the most damage?

Ernabella

Newcastle

Korumburra


Southern Ocean


Read the following article then complete items 49 to 54

TwinsFraternal twins result after two eggs are fertilised at the same time. Kian and Remee are fraternal twins, born in England in 2005. Their appearance is very different; Kian has dark skin, black hair and brown eyes, whereas, Remee has light skin, blonde hair and blue eyes. It is a genetic fluke because the twin's parents have genes for both light and dark skin. Experts estimate that there is a one in a million chance of fraternal twins looking so different.

49 What do the twins have in common?

their parents

their genetic code

the colour of their skin

the fertilised egg they grew from

50 The part of the reproductive system that stores eggs is the

cervix

uterus

ovaries

fallopian tubes

51 Place the events in human reproductionin the correct order 1 to 5.

order Event

An egg is released from the ovary.

The fertilised egg cell begins to divide.

The implanted cells continue to divide until birth.

A sperm fertilises the egg in the fallopian tube.

The cluster of cells is implanted in the wall of the uterus.

52 Human body cells have 46 chromosomes.

How many chromosomes does a sperm cell have?

23

46

92


53 What is a gene?

a process that produces sex cells

a change in the sequence ofDNA

a characteristic that is inherited from an organism’s parents

a section of DNA that codes for a particular characteristic

54 This model summarises the process of cell division.

Which of the following statements is correct?

The daughter cells are different to the parent cell.

The daughter cells are the same as the parent cell.

The daughter cells have more chromosomes than the parent cell.

The daughter cells have fewer chromosomes than the parent cell.



55 Distances across the universe are best measured in

metres

kilometres

light years

astronomical units

56 The accepted scientific theory that describes the origin of the Universe is called the

Big Bang theory

theory of evolution

particle model of matter

theory of plate tectonics

57 Professor Brian Schmidt works with a team of astronomers and data engineers because they

were interested in winning aNobel prize

combined skills to solve complex problems

were able to repeat the investigations efficiently

had different ideas about how funding could be raised

58 The crab nebula formed when a star exploded in the year 1054. The supernova was bright enough to be seenduring the day and was recorded by Arab and Chinese astronomers.

Where is the crab nebula?

Beyond the universe.

Inside our solar system.

Inside the Milky Way galaxy.

Beyond the Milky Way galaxy.

59 Australia should support Professor Schmidt’s research into the history of the Universe because it will

inform us about when theUniverse will end.

inspire more astronomers to work in Australia.

improve our knowledge about the expansion of the Universe.

help us to protect ourselves from the cold when the Universe ends.

Yes No

Black hole

Dust cloud

White dwarf

Neutron star

Star Rank

Red giant

White dwarf

Blue giant


60 Brian Schmidt studies the microwaves coming from the universe.

Which feature of waves is the same for all electromagnetic radiation when travelling through space?

speed

amplitude

frequency

wavelength

61 What are the possible outcomes in the life-cyle of a star like the Sun?

62 The diagram shows:

The present day luminosity (brightness) and temperature of stars in the universe.

The predicted evolution of the Sun.

Rank the following types of stars from coolest to hottest.

Place a number 1 (coolest) to 3 (hottest) to show your

answer.


Read the following article then complete items 63 to 69.Ununoctium

Victor Ninov was a former nuclear chemist from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He is most well known for falsely claiming to have found evidence for the existence of element 118, referred to as ununoctium. When other scientists attempt to replicate this experiment, they were unable to do the same. A committee of scientists concluded that he had falsified some data in his experiments. This was a scandal and he was shamed out of the scientific community.

63 What is the chemical symbol forUnunoctium?

U

Uu

Un

Uuo

64 The fact that scientists other found nothing to support Victor Ninov's claims to have created ununoctium demonstrates that

developments in technology have transformed science

societal values have an impact on scientific development

Scientific processes must be applied to test the validity of ideas

choices need to be made when considering the use of scientific

advances


Yes No

More people would live longer healthier lives.

Scientists who solve the problem could make money.

Legal penalties are applied when people make false claims.

Scientific understanding leads to developments in technology.

65 Victor Ninov was interested in producing Ununoctium because he thought it could be useful for treating cancer.

What are the reasons why society should support this type of research?

Yes No

the structure of atoms

the colour and location of atoms

the chemical reactivity of elements

the physical properties of elements


66 Look at the Periodic Table of Elements

The position of ununoctium on thePeriodic Table indicates it is

a metal

a non-metal

a semi-metal

68 Ununoctium is a radioactive element.

In radioactive elements most of the energy is stored in

the nucleus

The electrons

The bonds between atoms

69 The Periodic Table allows us to make predictions about

67 The atomic number of

Ununoctium is 118.

One atom of Ununoctium has:

Circle the correct options to show your answer


Read the following article then complete items 70 to 75

Dickinsonia, an ancient jellyfish found at Ediacara.

70 The length of the fossil Dickinsonia is close to

5.5 cm

6.5 cm

7.5 cm

8.5 cm

71 Which type of rock is most likely to contain fossils?

igneous

sedimentary

metamorphic

Order Event

Spriggina dies

Spriggina is quickly covered in sediment

The fossil is uncovered by erosion or excavation

Dissolved minerals and pressure convert body parts into fossils

Gradually layers of sediment build up applying pressure to theorganism

Rank Fossil

leaf

shell

starfish

trilobite


72 Spriggina is fossil from Ediacara Hills. It resembles a worm.

Select from the drop-down menus to put these events in the correct order (1 to 5)

to show how the fossil spriggina formed.

73 Rock strata containing fossils were taken at three locations.

Rank the age of the fossils from from 1, youngest, to 4, oldest


74 Fossils of the plant Glossopteris are found in Australia, South America, South Africa, and Antarctica. This is evidence to suggest that

plants can survive floating across oceans.

plants have evolved over millions of years.

the Earth's tectonic plates move over time.

tidal motions have moved rock layers between continents.

75 In terms of the evolution of the Earth, what is the significance of bacteria beginning to photosynthesise 3500 million years ago (mya)?

It helped to warm the Earth.

It added oxygen to theatmosphere.

It added carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

They competed with land plants for resources.



Roller coaster

76 What type of force occurs between the wheels and the track to slow the carriage down?

frictional

magnetic

electrostatic

gravitational

77 How far has the coaster travelled after 2 seconds?

1 metre

2 metres

4 metres

6 metres

Yes No

Physics

Ecology

Astronomy

Mathematics


78 The speed of an object is given by the relationship:

speed = distance/time

From the graph, calculate the speed of the roller coaster.

0.5 m/s

2 m/s

3 m/s

6 m/s

79 When the roller coaster is travelling with a constant speed the frictional force

80 Gravity is acting when the carriage is

You may select more than one option.

Yes No

stopped

moving up hill

Moving downhill

Slowing down

81 When is the roller coaster going downhill?

A

B

C

D

82 The engineer who designed this roller coaster most likely studied

You may select more than one option.

equalsis less thanis greater than

the propelling force.

Circle the correct answer.


ESSA 2014 student surveyWe would like to know what you think about this science test and about science. This survey is not a test and there are no right or wrong answers.Your responses will be kept confidential so please answer as honestly as you can.

Complete this survey about science

I am interested in science.

I know about many careers that are based on science.

I want to study a science subject in Years 11 and 12.

Our knowledge about science is constantly changing.

Science helps me to make decisions about things in my life.

Science impacts on many aspects of my everyday life.

Protecting the environment for the future is my responsibility.

Science provides information about today’s important issues.

Science helps me to understand the world around me.

Complete this survey about the test and science lessonsThe test was about what I learn in science class.

The test was easier than I expected.

I enjoyed doing the test.

Literacy is important in learning science.

It is important that all students learn science in Years 7 to 10.

Science is the hardest subject that I learn.

In primary school, I enjoyed lessons that were about science.In secondary school, I enjoy science lessons.


Which part of the test did you like best? Choose one.

Lucinda’s investigation John Dalton

Antibiotics Bungeee!

Go Jo! Maglev train

Guinea worms Earthquakes in Australia

Burn 4 U Brian Schmidt

Bt cotton tees Ediacara Hills

Ununoctium Twins

Roller coaster

Why did you like this part? Choose one reason.

It was interesting.

It was easy to understand.

It was about a familiar topic.

The test items were easy.

I liked the pictures in this part.I learnt something new.

Complete this survey about your school subjects

My three favourite school subjects are

Aboriginal Education History

Agriculture Language studies

Dance Mathematics

Design and technology subjects Music

Drama PDHPE

English Science

Geography Visual arts subjects

Any other subjects

The three school subjects I think I learn most in are

Aboriginal Education History

Agriculture Language studies

Dance Mathematics

Design and technology subjects Music

Drama PDHPE

English Science

Geography Visual arts subjects

Any other subjects

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