· web viewlearning to interconnect ideas, relating new term to specific previously learned...

SENSATION & PERCEPTION MIND MAPS *AP

Course Topic: Sensation & Perception Topics Weight on AP Exam: 6%-8%

Textbook Reading:● Unit IV | Sensation & Perception● Module 16, Module 17, Module 18, Module 19, Module 20,

Module 21● Complete List of Terms, Page 217-218

Mind Maps Outline● Reading Guides for Modules (Student Directed)● Essential Questions (Study Guide)● In Class Lecture/Activities● Tips for Improving Learning (Resource)

Name:

Period:

Dates to Know *Subject to Change

Multiple Choice ____________________

Essential Questions ❏ What are the implications of having the ability to selectively attend to stimuli?❏ What are the implications ofsensory information not gettingtransformed and making it to thebrain properly?❏ Why are thresholds important to our ability to interact with theworld around us?❏ How does sensory adaptation help people live day-to-day?❏ What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of perceptual set?❏ How influential is context on our sensation and perception?

❏ What are the implications ofemotions and motivationinfluencing sensation andperception?❏ How is light important to vision?❏ What are the most importantaspects of light that make visionpossible?❏ What are the most importantaspects of the eye that make visionpossible?❏ How do feature detectors andparallel processing affect our visualperception?❏ How do we see color?❏ Why do we organize visualinformation in a particular way?❏ How does this type of organizationhelp us understand the worldaround us?❏ How does losing or regaining visionaffect perception?

❏ How does perceptual adaptationhelp us day to day?❏ How are sound waves important tohearing?❏ What are the most importantaspects of sound waves that makehearing possible?❏ What aspects of the ear makehearing possible?❏ Is touch a sensory system that istaken for granted?❏ What is the importance of pain inour lives?❏ How does our sense of taste affectother aspects of our lives?❏ What is the importance of smell indaily life?❏ How can knowing our bodyposition and movement beimportant?❏ Why is sensory interactionimportant?

Key Terms & Concepts to Remembersensation, perception, bottom-up processing, top-down processing, selective attention, inattentional blindness, change blindness, transduction, psychophysics, absolute threshold, signal detection theory, subliminal, priming, difference threshold, Weber’s law, sensory adaptation, perceptual set, extrasensory perception (ESP), parapsychology, wavelength, hue, intensity, pupil, iris, lens, retina, accommodation, rods, cones, optic nerve, blind spot, fovea, feature detectors, parallel processing, Young-Helmholtz trichromatic (three-color) theory, opponent-process theory, gestalt, figure-ground, grouping, depth perception, visual cliff, binocular cues, retinal disparity

Key Contributors to Remember: Gustav Fechner, David Hubel, Ernst Weber, Torsten Wiesel

Brain Break - AP Psychology | 1


Myers’ Psychology for AP, Third Edition Module 16- Basic Principles of Sensation and Perception

1. Contrast sensation and perception.

2. What is the difference between bottom-up processing and top-down processing?

3. Explain the cocktail party effect. What is the example used by the authors?

4. Give an example from your own life of selective attention.

5. What three steps are basic to all of our sensory systems? a.

b.

c.

6. What is priming?

7. Give an example of (not definition of) absolute threshold.



8. What is difference threshold (“just noticeable difference?)”

9. What key term explains why exhausted parents can hear the faintest whimper from their newborn?

Module 17- Influences on Perception1. How do the following influence our perceptions?

a. Expectations

b. Contexts

c. Emotions

d. Motivation

2. What determines our perceptual set?

Module 18- Vision1. Fill in Table 18.1 Receptors in the Human Eye

2. How do feature detectors help the brain process visual information?



3. How does parallel processing help the brain process visual information?

4. Using figure 18.4- sketch the retina’s reaction to light. (I promise you- this will take time, but will be worth it!)

5. Explain two theories of color vision in humans. How does one of them explain color deficiency?

6. Explain the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory - don’t just define it….explain!

Module 19- Visual Organization and Interpretation



1.What is the “necker cube” and what does it demonstrate?

2. What was the visual cliff demonstration that Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk conducted? What was the significance?

3. What are the differences between binocular cues and monocular cues?

4. What is the phi phenomenon?

5. List and define briefly the monocular depth cues from Figure 19.6. (You will need to know these for the test)

6. What do we mean when we say that, in perception, “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”?

7. What fundamental lesson do perceptual illusions reinforce?

Module 20- Hearing



1. What roles do the outer, middle and inner ear play in helping a person hear a song on the radio?

2. What is the difference between sensorineural hearing loss and conduction hearing loss?

3. Explain how we perceive loudness.

4. Describe Place Theory.

5. Describe Frequency Theory.



Module 21 The Other Senses1. What are the basic four skin sensations?

2. Discuss the psychological influences on pain.

3. Discuss the social-cultural influences on pain.

6. Discuss the biological perspective on pain and pain treatment.

7. What is fifth taste sensation?

8. How do we sense our body’s position and movement?



Tips For Improving Learning (Deep Processing)

● Deep processing is a way of learning in which you try to make the information meaningful to yourself. ○ You might write your class notes using the exact words from your teacher’s slides. And then memorize a

few key terms by repeating them over and over. When you use surface-level strategies like these, the information will quickly fade from memory

● Learning to interconnect ideas, relating new term to specific previously learned ideas, generating questions for review, rephrase definition in your own words, examine the term for root-word connections example of idea, apply the information to your life, research for further study, create graphic/visual representation

Tips For Improving Learning (Memory)

● Use distributed practice, which is spacing out your practice; massed practice, or cramming, is not helpful ● Use priming to activate associations related to your subject matter. Mind maps or concept maps work well for this● Recite: Summarize aloud while you are learning● Make the ideas you are studying meaningful. When possible, use deep processing by making connections to ideas

you already know. Memory works best when new information is fitted into an already existing mental structure. Explicitly connect new material to other things you know

● Organize difficult items into chunks ● Study repeatedly: Take advantage of downtime and learn and relearn the material ● Use available quizzes to test yourself. The testing effect is the finding that long-term memory is increased when

some of the learning period is devoted to retrieving the to-be-remembered information through testing with proper feedback

● Know the results of your quizzes, with feedback allowing you to check your progress ● Minimize distractions to improve encoding. Put away your phone and turn off the television while studying ● Get enough sleep. Lack of sleep contributes to a lower ability to concentrate and problem-solve, while sufficient

sleep aids in consolidation of memory● Overlearn-continue studying beyond basic master ● Use mnemonics, memory tricks or aids, to help you remember important information or concepts

Use Mnemonics ● Form a narrative chain or story: Remember lists in order, forming an exaggerated association connecting item one

to two, two to three, and so on ● Take a mental walk. Mentally walk along a familiar path, placing objects or ideas along the path ● Use pictures to help you learn. Pick any term or concept and draw it in as many different ways as you can on one

piece of paper● Practice retrieval with images: Write a term or concept on one side of each note card. Draw a picture or diagram

that depicts each term or concept on the other side of the card● Practice testing yourself on the pictures and concepts; alternate by using each side of the flash card as a cue to

guess the concept/picture on the other side. Explain the concept/picture to yourself during this step to make sure you know how and why they are related


· web viewlearning to interconnect ideas, relating new term to specific previously learned...

Documents