Louise R. Romanow, G. G. Kennedy, D. C. Sanders. 1984. Plug-mix and banded-and-incorporated application of systemic insecticides for control of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on direct-seeded tomatoes. Journal of Environmental Entomology 77 (5): 1245-1250.

Abstract: Two application methods of five systemic insecticides at various dosages (0.07–2.24 kg [ai]/ha) were tested on tomatoes in order to evaluate phytotoxicity and effectiveness in controlling larvae of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Laboratory bioassays showed that plug-mix application was effective at lower doses in controlling CPB in comparison to the banded-and-incorporated application, although phytotoxicity was greater with plug-mix application. Incorporated in plug mix, aldicarb, and carbofuran were effective in controlling CPB at doses as low as 0.28 kg (ai)/ha. At all dosages in one planting, and some lower dosages in another planting, both pesticides accelerated seedling emergence and flowering compared to untreated controls. Phytotoxicity varied with environment and tomato cultivar.