Y7

Twelfth Night

Learning episodes

1. What is the context of the play?2. What are the techniques used?3. What is the plot and setting?4. Who are the characters?5. How do I analyse an extract?6. How do I write a formal letter in character?

Big Questions Overview

Who is William Shakespeare?

(bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard").

What is the Globe Theatre?

as a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. The new Globe theatre was opened in 1997 and 16th century building methods were used to construct it

Where is the play set?

Shakespeare set Twelfth Night in Illyria – the ancient name for the coast on the Adriatic Sea, which takes in parts of modern Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Albania, Croatia, and Montenegro.

What would an Italian noble household look like? Nobles - merchants - middle class - workersWhat was Elizabethan society like?

Society was based on strict social structures that ensured everyone knew their place: Queen - nobility and gentry - land owners - tenant farmers - labouring poor - homeless

What is a patriarchy?

whereby men hold the power and women are excluded from it. For example, the father was the ruler of the household, and women had no rights in law. Daughters were regarded as ‘property’ and often married off very young as a way to join wealthy and powerful families.

What was the role of women? To be a dutiful wife and mother.

What was courtly love?

courtly love’ sees love as ideal, not real. Rather than meeting the loved one, lovers exchanged letters and poems comparing their lover to beautiful, exaggerated ideas like angels or goddesses.

What is religion? the Italy in which the play is set was a catholic societyWhat is the honour code?

a sense of family honour at the time meant that any small insult had to be repaid with revenge. This could lead to violence, death and civil unrest (large brawls across a city.)

What dramatic techniques does Shakespeare use? Dramatic irony, soliloquy, hyperbole, foreshadowing

How does Shakespeare's language differ?

The early modern English language was less than 100 years old in 1590 when Shakespeare was writing. No dictionaries had yet been written and most documents were still written in Latin. He contributed 1,700 words to the English language because he was the first author to write them down.

What is dramatic irony? when the audience knows something that the characters don’t.

What is a soliloquy? a long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage. What is hyperbole? an over exaggeration - not meant to be taken literally

What is foreshadowing? the playwright gives us hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the plot.

What is a comedy?

Comedy is a genre of a play and a type of play that is amusing and satirical in its tone, mostly having a cheerful ending which ends in marriage.

What does Twelfth Night mean?

The title of Twelfth Night refers to the twelfth night of Christmas, also referred to as the eve of Epiphany, a day that commemorates the visit of the Magi to the baby Jesus and is often celebrated with a temporary suspension of rules and social orders. Servants often dressed up as their masters, men as women and so forth.

What is the plot of Twelfth Night?

William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is a comedy about a brother and sister pair that are shipwrecked off the coast of Illyria and are separated. Viola, the sister, must assume the identity of a man to earn a living in the home of Duke Orsino, who is in love with the Lady Olivia.

How does it follow the

A struggle of lovers to overcome a problem; some element of separation; mistaken identities; a clever servant; complex interwoven plot lines; happy ending of marriage

comedy structure?Who are the characters in Twelfth Night?

Viola, Sebastian, Orsino, Olivia, Malvolio, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria, Feste, Antonio, Fabian

Who is Malvolio? He is the vain, pompous steward of Olivia's household.

Who is Sir Toby? He is an ill-mannered flatterer, drunkard, and conman. He lives with Olivia, his niece, and lives a prodigal life of drinking and merry-making.

Who is Sir Andrew?

He is a stereotypical fool, who is goaded into unwisely duelling with Cesario and who is slowly having his money pilfered by Sir Toby Belch.

Who is Maria? She is a servant in Olivia's household. Maria is shown to have a friendly relationship with Sir Toby Belch, and exhibits a witty attitude.

What vocabulary can I use to describe Malvolio?

Conceited, disdainful, egotistical, foolish, gullible, haughty, pompous, pretentious, puritanical, sensible, vainglorious

What happens to Malvolio?

He is tricked into thinking his mistress Count Olivia loves him and wants him to court her. She thinks he has gone mad and locks him up.

Why would they want to humiliate Malvolio?

They resent Malvolio's lack of human sympathy and his puritanical arrogance towards them, and furthermore they will use his own arrogant and egotistical nature to play the trick upon him.

Why is Malvolio imprisoned?

He is locked up for his strange behaviour. Olivia thinks he has gone mad because he has stepped across the social boundaries.

How does this link to courtship and hierarchy?

Malvolio would never be allowed to Court Olivia as he only a servant.

How do I annotate an extract?

Follow the Reciprocal Reading strategy of: predict, clarify, question and summarise.

How do I analyse an extract?

Think about how would an audience: feel, imagine and think.

How do I analyse Shakespearean language?

Remember what you already know about the pla and the characters. Read around the language and look at the context of the scene.

What is informal language?

It is more casual and spontaneous. It is used when communicating with friends or family either in writing or in conversation.

What is formal language?

It is less personal than informal language. It is used when writing for professional or academic purposes like university assignments.

How can I use noun phrases to infer character?

Change the article; add a pair of adjectives; move the adjectives; add a prepositional phrase; insert a relative clause; use an -ing verb; change the noun

How can lexical verbs create vivid description?

They show the subject's action or express a state of being

What are different sentence types?

Simple or Declarative Sentence. Command or Imperative Sentence. Question or Interrogative Sentence. Exclamatory Sentence.

What is narrative voice and tone?

Narrative voice is the perspective the story is told from. Tone is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. The tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcastic, sad, or cheerful.

How can repeated phrases be used to emphasis and link

Use the same phrase at the beginning of each clause or 3 successive sentences.

ideas?How can I use past and present tense in diary writing?

Move between the two to show a sense that the character is remembering and retellling the story.

How do I write a letter?

Address, Dear, Paragraphs of writing - TAP, Sign off

What is the difference between a formal and informal letter?

The main difference between the formal letter and an informal letter is that formal letters written for official or professional conversation. On the other hand, informal letters used for casual or personal conversation.

WEEK 1 – Prefix dis WEEK 2 – Prefix un WEEK 3 – Suffix ful WEEK 4 – Suffix le WEEK 5 – adding ing (drop e)Spellings1.Disbelief 2. Dissatisfaction3. Disrespectful4. Disappear5. DiscerningWords to express sadness6. Tragic7. Catastrophic8. UpsettingFormal and informal language9. Ask for = request10. Try = endeavour

1. Big questions 11.Who is William Shakespeare?An English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and ‘the Bard").12. What is the Globe Theatre? A theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company, the Lord Chamberlain's Men and was destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613. The new Globe theatre was opened in 1997 and 16th century building methods were used to construct it.13. What was Elizabethan society like?Society was based on strict social structures that ensured everyone knew their place: Queen - nobility and gentry - land owners - tenant farmers - labouring poor - homeless

Spellings2. Undisguised 3. Ungainly 4. Unpleasant5. Unconditional6. UnreliableWords to express sadness6. Saddening7. Distressing8. SympathyFormal and informal language9. Come after = follow10. Check = verifyBig questions11. What is a comedy?Comedy is a genre of a play and a type of play that is amusing and satirical in its tone, mostly having a cheerful ending which ends in marriage.12.What does Twelfth Night mean?The title of Twelfth Night refers to the twelfth night of Christmas, also referred to as the eve of Epiphany, a day that commemorates the visit of the Magi to the baby Jesus and is often celebrated with a temporary suspension of rules and social orders. Servants dressed up as their masters, men as women etc.13.What is a patriarchy?Men hold the power and women are excluded from it. For example, the father was the ruler of the household, and women had no rights in law. Daughters were regarded as ‘property’ and often married off very young as a way to join wealthy and powerful families.

Spellings1. Zestful2. Disdainful3. Cheerful4. Faithful5. SlothfulWords to express happiness6. Ecstatic7. Thrilling8. Rapturous Formal and informal language9. Deal with = manage10. Go before – precedeBig questions11. What was the role of women?To be a dutiful wife and mother.12.What was courtly love?‘Courtly love’ sees love as ideal, not real. Rather than meeting the loved one, lovers exchanged letters and poems comparing their lover to beautiful, exaggerated ideas like angels or goddesses.13. What is the honour code?A sense of family honour at the time meant that any small insult had to be repaid with revenge. This could lead to violence, death and civil unrest (large brawls across a city.)

Spellings1. Admirable 2. Honourable 3. Despicable4. Understandable5. FeebleWords to express happiness6. Delightful7. Enchanting8. Wondrous Formal and informal language9. Go out of = exit10. Use = consumeBig questions11. How does Shakespeare's language differ?The early modern English language was less than 100 years old in 1590 when Shakespeare was writing. No dictionaries had yet been written and most documents were still written in Latin. He contributed 1,700 words to the English language because he was the first author to write them down.12.What dramatic techniques does Shakespeare use?Dramatic irony, soliloquy, hyperbole, foreshadowing13.What is dramatic irony?When the audience knows something that the characters don’t.

Spellings1. Commiserating2. Encouraging3. Clambering 4. Concentrating5. Decreasing

Words to express happiness6. Extraordinary7. Astonishing8. IncredibleFormal and informal language9. Look at = regard10. Go = departBig questions11. What is a soliloquy?A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage. 12.What is hyperbole?An over exaggeration - not meant to be taken literally13.What is foreshadowing?The playwright gives us hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the plot.

WEEK 6 – Adding ed WEEK 7 – Prefix im/suffix al WEEK 8 – Suffix less/ish WEEK 9 - ou WEEK 10 – Silent lettersSpellings1. Principled 2. Bombarded3. Conceited4. Spirited5. CherishedWords to express anger

6. 6. Infuriating7. 7. Incensed8. 8. Exasperated

Formal and informal language9. 9. Start = commence10. 10. Tough = difficult

Big questions11.Where is the play set?Shakespeare set Twelfth Night in Illyria – the ancient name for the coast on the Adriatic Sea, which takes in parts of modern Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Albania, Croatia, and Montenegro. 12.What is the plot of Twelfth Night?William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night is a comedy about a brother and sister pair that are shipwrecked off the coast of Illyria and are separated. Viola, the sister, must assume the identity of a man to earn a living in the home of Duke Orsino, who is in love with the Lady Olivia.13.What is religion?The Italy in which the play is set was a catholic society.

Spellings1. Impulsive2. Impassioned3. Puritanical4. Egotistical5. Genial

Words to express anger6. 6. Grossly7. 7. Atrocious8. 8. Vulgar

Formal and informal language

9. 9. Old = elderly10. 10. Wrong = incorrectBig questions11.How does it follow the comedy structure?A struggle of lovers to overcome a problem; some element of separation; mistaken identities; a clever servant; complex interwoven plot lines; happy ending of marriage.12.What would an Italian noble household look like?Nobles - merchants - middle class – workers13. What is foreshadowing?The playwright gives us hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the plot.

Spellings1. Selfless2. Careless3. Foolish4. Selfish5. Boorish

Words to express anger6. 6. Disgusting7. 7. Abhorrent8. 8. Displeasing

Formal and informal language

9. 9. Lucky = fortunate10. 10. Smart = intelligentBig questions11.Who are the characters in Twelfth Night?Viola, Sebastian, Orsino, Olivia, Malvolio, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria, Feste, Antonio, Fabian12.Who is Malvolio?He is the vain, pompous steward of Olivia's household.13. What vocabulary can I use to describe Malvolio?Conceited, disdainful, egotistical, foolish, gullible, haughty, pompous, pretentious, puritanical, sensible, vainglorious

Spellings1. Vainglorious2. Vivacious3. Pretentious4. Pompous5. Serious

Words for a lot6. Abundant7. Copious8. Plentiful

Formal and informal language

9. Right = correct10. Let = allowBig questions11.Who is Sir Toby?He is an ill-mannered flatterer, drunkard, and conman. He lives with Olivia, his niece, and lives a prodigal life of drinking and merry-making.12.Who is Sir Andrew?He is a stereotypical fool, who is goaded into unwisely duelling with Cesario and who is slowly having his money pilfered by Sir Toby Belch.13.Who is Maria?She is a servant in Olivia's household. Maria is shown to have a friendly relationship with Sir Toby Belch, and exhibits a witty attitude.

Spellings1. Doubt2. Subtle3. Exhaust4. Campaign5. RhymeWords for large6. Colossal7. Mountainous8. Substantial Formal and informal language9. Throw away = discard10. Give = donateBig questions11.What happens to Malvolio?He is tricked into thinking his mistress Count Olivia loves him and wants him to court her. She thinks he has gone mad and locks him up.12.Why would they want to humiliate Malvolio?They resent Malvolio's lack of human sympathy and his puritanical arrogance towards them, and furthermore they will use his own arrogant and egotistical nature to play the trick upon him.13.Why is Malvolio imprisoned?He is locked up for his strange behaviour. Olivia thinks he has gone mad because he has stepped across the social boundaries.

Key Character Vocabulary Dictionary – Affluent – Meaning: having a great deal of money. Synonyms: rich, wealthy, well-off, comfortable, loadedBoaster – Meaning: to show off and talk about everything you have or have done. Synonyms: bragger, show-off, egoist, braggart, big-head, Bright - Meaning: to be intelligent and clever. Synonyms: cheerful, happy, lively, optimistic, positive, upbeatBuoyant - Meaning: to be happy and create a positive mood. Synonyms: cheerful, optimistic, happy, carefree, Cheerful - Meaning: Synonyms: happy, jolly, smiling, merry, gleeful, Conceited - Meaning: to love yourself. Synonyms: vain, arrogant, big-headed, stuck-up, self-importantCoward – Meaning: to be weak and lack courage Synonyms: weakling, scared, lily-livered, fearfulDiscerning - Meaning: to show good judgement and understanding of things. Synonyms: sharp, intelligent, on the ball, awareDisdainful - Meaning: to dislike someone you think is below you. Synonyms: superior, snooty, look down on, snobbishEgotistical - Meaning: to be think you are better than others Synonyms: arrogant, big-headed, self-centre, self-loving, narcissisticExcessive - Meaning: more than is normal or necessary. Synonyms: too much, extreme, large amounts, Feeble – Meaning: to be lacking in physical or emotional strength. Synonyms: weak, pathetic, frail, delicate, punyFoolish - Meaning: not having good sense. Synonyms: silly, unwise, thoughtless, stupid, idioticGenial - Meaning: to be cheerful and easy=going. Synonyms: friendly, welcoming, pleasant, kind, sociableGullible – Meaning: easily persuaded to believe something. Synonyms: naïve, innocent, trusting, accepting, easy to fool, believing, unquestioningHaughty - Meaning: to think you are better than others. Synonyms: proud, arrogant, snooty, stuck-up, overconfidentIndolent - Meaning: to be avoid activity. Synonyms: lazy, laidback, lethargic, sluggish, slothfulKnowledgeable – Meaning: to have god knowledge on a subject. Synonyms: intelligent, informed, educated, experienced, well-informedLoyal - Meaning: to show constant support to a person. Synonyms: trustworthy, faithful, reliable, dedicated, dutifulPompous – Meaning: to be full of self-importance and show-off. Synonyms: self-important, arrogant, snobbish, exaggerated, vain, showyPretentious - Meaning: try to impress by pretending you are more important than you are. Synonyms: Showy, fake, vain, smug, unnaturalPuritanical - Meaning: to have a very strict attitude about enjoying yourself too much. Synonyms: stuffy, prim, strait-laced, prudish, moralSensible – Meaning: to show good sense. Synonyms: practical, non-nonsense, reasonable, normal, wise Sharp - Meaning: to have a fast wit. Synonyms: quick, intelligent, clever, quick-wittedSlothful - Meaning: to be lazy and slow. Synonyms: lazy, idle, inactive, lethargic, sluggish, indolentSpirited - Meaning: to be full of energy and enthusiasm. Synonyms: determined, lively, animated, energetic, strong-willedTrustworthy - Meaning: someone you can place your trust in. Synonyms: dependable, reliable, responsible, honestVainglorious - Meaning: to be over the top about your own achievements. Synonyms: proud, arrogant, self-important, big-headed, boastfulVivacious – Meaning: to be energetic and lively. Synonyms: light-hearted, bubbly, cheerful, sparkling, vibrantVulgar – Meaning: to be rude and likely to upset people. Synonyms: bad-mannered, rude, rough, unrefined, improper, offensive

Learning Episode 1

Big Question: Who is William Shakespeare?

Watch the following video: https://youtu.be/ocrgDc6W7Es

Perfect Shakespeare Recall

Your knowledge of Shakespeare is about to be tested! Use the words in the box to answer the questions below. Beware some words are there to trick you! Then write the answers in the spaces provided.

The King’s Men Comedy Bard Tragedy Stratford-Upon - AvonPig

They will grow a tail William Accused John Second best bed Shakespeare’s Writers Anne Hathaway Boring Plays

New PlaceDagenham 1564 Susanna They will be cursed AddictionSonnet Ye Olde House History Bedroom

1. What was Shakespeare’s first name? ___________2. What word beginning with ‘B’ is Shakespeare often referred to as? ___________3. Where was Shakespeare born? _____________4. In what year was Shakespeare born? _________5. Who did Shakespeare marry in 1582? ________________6. What was the name of Shakespeare’s first child?________________7. Shakespeare bought the second largest house in Stratford in 1597. What is it called? _________________ 8. Shakespeare moved to London to write plays. What was the name of the acting company that Shakespeare worked for in London? _______________9. Shakespeare has had a major influence on the English language. Which words did Shakespeare invent? (3 answers) ________ ___________ ____________10. What were the three main types of plays that Shakespeare wrote? (3 answers) __________ __________ _________11. Shakespeare was famous for writing poetry as well as plays. What style were these poems written in (Hint: they have 14 lines)? _____________12. Shakespeare was buried in Holy Trinity Church after his death on 23rd April 1616. What is said to happen if someone “moves his bones”?

_____________________13. What did Shakespeare leave in his will to his wife? ________________

Extension: If you have finished the questions, try to name at least ten different Shakespeare plays.

Big Question: What is the Globe Theatre?

The first theatres in the country were built during the Tudor period. London's Globe Theatre was built in 1599 and destroyed by fire 14 years later. William Shakespeare made the Globe the most famous theatre in the country. The new Globe theatre was opened in 1997 and 16th century building methods were used to construct it. In this clip there are views of the Globe Theatre and the segregated seats for different income groups in the audience. The clip includes an extract of William Shakespeare's 'Henry V' on stage performed as it would have been in Elizabethan times.

1. Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Stands 400 Years and Only Yards Away From the OriginalCompleted in 1997, Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre is third Globe Theatre to have been built on the Southbank of the Thames. The original Globes were located just a street further back from the river. The original theatre was constructed in 1599, and was destroyed by fire in 1613. It was rebuilt a year later, but turned into tenement buildings in 1644 after puritanical fears about stage plays meant London theatres were forced to close in 1642.

2. Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Was Rebuilt to be as Similar to the Original Globe as PossibleThe Third Globe—what is known as Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre—was designed to be as close to Globes One and Three as possible. A great deal of research went into the shape and layout of the original theatres, and the type of wood and building techniques used. It is made of the same wood—green oak—the original builders would have used, and the timbers are fixed together using wooden pegs. Of course, modern health and safety measures had to incorporated into the design, including the lining of the thatched roof with fire-retardant material.

3. Building the Original Globe Was a Drama in Itself

The original Globe was built by the theatre company Shakespeare was in, the Lord Chamberlain’s Men (later known as the King’s Men). It was erected using timbers recycled from The Theatre in Shoreditch, the first playhouse to put on Shakespeare’s work. Their old landlord, a Mr Allen, wouldn’t say ‘recycled’. He’d prefer the word ‘stolen’.

The story goes that Mr Allen refused to renew their lease for the land The Theatre stood on. So the company—including Shakespeare—armed with daggers and cudgels, snuck onto Allen’s land while he was away for Christmas. They took all the main timbers and stored them in a yard north of the Thames.

4. Shakespeare Was Part-Owner of the TheatreThe family of Richard Burbage, the company’s leading actor, had built The Theatre at Shoreditch, but didn’t have the money to lease a site for the new playhouse. So they asked for investment from some members of the company. William Shakespeare became a 12.5% shareholder in the Globe Theatre, paying £10 for his share. Now they just needed someone to write some hugely popular plays so they could get bums on the seats and returns on their investment…

5. It’s Always Been a Midsummer DestinationBecause of its open-air aspect, The Globe has always been a fair-weather destination for watching a performance. Back in Shakespeare’s time, the company would move indoors to perform during winter. The same is true today, with winter performances taking play in the adjoining Sam Wanamaker Playhouse. But tours of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre, which offer a wealth of insights into the theatre as it was in The Bard’s time and as it operates today, are available year round. They are free with a London Pass.

6. Shakespeare Referenced The Globe in His WorkHenry V mentions “this wooden O,” in the play of the same name. Prospero speaks of “the great globe itself,” in a pivotal moment during The Tempest. It makes sense that he would. Firstly, as a tribute to a place that was so important to him. Also, there’s something particularly engaging and inclusive about someone on stage referring to the place where all the players and the crowd are assembled—“Good evening, Glastonbury!”

7. And Might Have Paraphrased Its MottoIt is said—although sources are pretty thin on the ground—that the motto of the Globe was Totus mundus agit histrionem, meaning ‘The whole world is a playhouse.’ This is remarkably similar to the famous phrase from As You Like It: “All the world is a stage.”

8. They Used to Flag Up the GenreDifferent flags were used to signpost what kind of play was being performed that day. Flying high above the theatre, they were a good way of advertising the genre of the performance, or notifying prospective theatre-goers of a last-minute cancellation. This was true of many Elizabethan theatres. Black flags were raised for tragedy plays. Red ones announced history plays. Comedies were signalled by the flying of white flags.

So that’s why they didn’t put on my one man show, The Tragic Life of a Very Funny Person Who Lived a Billion Years Ago. It wasn’t that it was a steaming pile of pretentious nonsense. It was a question of flags. Of course!

9. They Built It Along the Lines of the Coliseum in Rome (Just a Bit Smaller)Many Elizabethan playhouses were. The tiered seating areas ring around the stage. In the past, they could hold up to 3000 spectators, but now spectators get a little more wiggle room for when legs start twitching around Act Four. Those watching from ‘The Pit’, the standing area at the foot of the stage, were (not very respectfully) nicknamed ‘groundlings’. These were the cheaper than cheap seats. So cheap that they weren’t seats at all. But you could watch plays from the pit for just a penny. In Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre—the theatre that stands today—this is still the most affordable place from which to watch a performance. Nowadays, you can get tickets for as little as a fiver.

10. Henry VIII Burnt Down Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre. It wasn’t that Henry VIII burnt down Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre. He did a lot of terrible things in his time. But he was dead near 20 years before Shakespeare was born.

On June 29th 1613, during a performance of Shakespeare’s Henry VIII, some small cannon were fired, with no balls inside them, but using real gunpowder. The thatched roof caught alight. The whole thing burned down in around an hour. No one was hurt. But one man’s trousers caught fire. Luckily, someone close to him threw some beer over the flames.

So, those were our Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre facts. But before you exit this blog (pursued by a bear), take a look at our guide to taking the Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre tour here. It’s free with The London Pass.

Facts about Elizabethan Theatre – True or False?

1. Plays and acting were thought of as an activity for the lower classes.2. Actors wore elaborate costumes to show the character that they were playing.3. The audience used to boo and hiss and cheer at the characters on stage.4. The audience used to throw rotten fruit at the actors on stage.5. Women characters were played by boys whose voices hadn’t broken yet.

Label your diagram of the globe from memory and describe each part.

William Shakespeare’s Treasure HuntUsing the information on the PowerPoint, try to find as much information as possible on The Globe Theatre and William Shakespeare.

Questions AnswersWhat time did performances begin and what was the name of the theatre?

What was the shape of the globe theatre? Hint: number of sides.

What was one problem about how the Globe was designed?

How do people know that a show is on?

What type of people would sit in the ‘pit’?

Name two disadvantages about sitting in the pit?

Where would the rich sit?

What was the name of the area where the actors’ dressing room was?

What is the ‘hut’ used for?

There were no backdrops or settings in The Globe, but how could they make the performances exciting?

What were the main types of plays that Shakespeare wrote?

How did the Globe nearly end?

Complete the following quiz deciding if the statements are true or false about William Shakespeare.

Shakespeare – True or false?

1. He was born and died on his birthday.2. He left school at 12 or 13 because his father lost all his money.3. The rest of his family, including his children, were illiterate.4. He couldn’t spell – including his own name.5. He had ‘little Latin and less Greek’.6. Other than 6 signatures, there is no other example of his handwriting.7. He had 2 sisters and a daughter named Judith8. He went to London in 1592.9. He hardly ever went back to Stratford till he retired.10. He never bought a house in London.11. All his plays were performed at The Globe.12. He was only a member of The Lords Chamberlain’s/The King’s Men.13. He was the only member of his family to visit or work in London.14. There is almost no documentary evidence about him – he’s an enigma15. There are no direct descendants of the Shakespeare family alive today.16. He made a great deal of money illegally.17. And his father was a money lender.18. The people who stood in The Yard were called groundlings.19. He wrote all his plays by himself.20. He ‘stole’ the plots for all his plays from other writers.21. He had a brother who became an actor and who is buried in the nave at

Southwark Cathedral.22. All the plays have 5 acts.23. And there are 37 of them.24. His first ever known poem is a sonnet written for his wife.25. He changed his will just before he died to disinherit his daughter, Judith.

Big Question: What was an Italian household like?

Visit https://study.com/academy/lesson/renaissance-social-class-system.html to find out what life was like in an Italian household and society, at that time. Read the following information and reduce it to one sentence for each heading.

The people were divided into 4 major classes or groups and each group had its own responsibilities, functions and respect in the society. To know more about the hierarchy during the renaissance, you can read the following given information:

NoblesThe class of the nobles was the most respected class during the renaissance period and owned most of the land. They were wealthy individuals who were highly respected and lived on large estates. The nobles owned big businesses and followed the basic rules of chivalry. The nobles included the military officers, politicians and royal advisers.

MerchantsThe next class or level during the renaissance years belonged to the merchants. The merchants were the newly rich people who gained wealth by working hard in the industries and mainly worked in fields like wool, banking and boat making etc. The merchants tried to marry into noble families to move up the ladder and become part of the nobles. But the nobles tried to maintain distance from the merchants due to this reason.

The Middle ClassThe next class in the Renaissance days was the middle class. The middle class consisted of the shopkeepers and other professionals. The middle class was not a very wealthy class but the wealth depended upon the hardwork they put in their jobs. Sometimes, the middle class people moved up the pyramid and became the merchants by doing well in their professions.

WorkersThe fourth and the bottom-most level belonged to the workers or the unskilled workers. These people were not specifically skilled and had no job protection. They took up any jobs and were dependent on their employers. Workers who violated any rules could be discharged from their jobs and often their wages were withheld.The lower class among the workers belonged to the peasants who lived in rural areas and worked on small pieces of agricultural land to produce foods and other staples for the rest of the population. Starvation was common among these people.

Reduce the information:Nobles: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Merchants:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Middle Class______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Workers:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Big Question: What is social hierarchy?

Place the characters onto the pyramid. Write their name next to the class and hierarchy you think they belong in.

Viola - A young woman of aristocratic birthCesario: A girl in a shipwreck, Viola is rescued by the captain

Olivia: the countess of IllyriaOlivia: A wealthy, beautiful, and noble Illyrian lady

Orsino: the leader of Illyria – a Count

Maria: the faithful servant of Lady Olivia

Sir Toby Belch: Olivia's drunken kinsman,

Sir Andrew Aguecheek: a destitute

Feste the Fool: a jester in both Olivia's and Orsino's household

Sebastian - Viola’s lost twin brother who is shipwrecked Sebastian - A young man of aristocratic birth

Malvolio - The straitlaced steward—or head

Antonio: a sea captain who rescues Sebastian's – a wanted man in Illyria

Fabian is a member of Olivia's householdBig Question: What was Elizabethan society like?

Read the information on Elizabethan Society.. You must reduce the information to 5 bullet points and then use an image and symbols to represent these on a poster.

EducationTudor Schools Not many children went to school in Tudor times - mainly the sons of wealthy or working families who could afford to pay the attendance fee.

Boys began school at the age of 4 and moved to grammar school when they were 7. Girls were either kept at home by their parents to help with housework or sent out to work to bring money in for the family.

Boys were educated for work and the girls for marriage and running a household. The wealthiest families hired a tutor to teach the boys at home. Many Tudor towns and villages had a parish school where the local vicar taught boys to read and write.

LessonsAt school, pupils often had to speak in Latin. They were also taught Greek, religion and mathematics. The boys practiced writing in ink by copying the alphabet and the Lord's Prayer.

The School DayIt was usual for children to attend six days a week. The school day started at 7:00 am in winter and 6:00 am in summer. It finished about 5:00 pm.Petty schools had shorter hours, mostly to allow poorer boys the opportunity to work as well.

PunishmentsTeachers were very strict, often beating their pupils with birches if they misbehaved. Birches were a type of cane. Teachers used to give 50 strokes of the birch. Pupils were sometimes too scared to go to school because of the beatings.

Pupils from wealthy families could often afford a special friend called a 'whipping-boy'. When the rich child was naughty, it was the whipping-boy who received the punishment.

Types of SchoolsThere were two types of school in Tudor times:The Petty School - this taught young children to read.The Grammar School - this taught boys Latin.

Food

The Tudor people ate a lot of fresh food because there was no such thing as freezers or fridges in the Tudor times. They ate with fingers, knives and spoons. There were no forks.

MeatPeople kept animals all year round and would kill them just before they needed to be eaten. This meant that the meat was always fresh. Some meat was preserved by rubbing salt into it.To improve the flavour, it was hung from the ceiling in a cold room for several days before eating.

75% of the rich Tudor diet was made up of meat such as oxen, deer, calves, pigs, badger or wild boar. Birds were also eaten, such as chicken, pigeons, sparrows, heron, crane, pheasant, woodcock, partridge, blackbirds and peacocks.

Bread Bread was eaten at most meals. You could tell the class of a person by the bread they ate. Rich people ate bread made from white of wholemeal flour whereas poor people ate bread made from rye and even ground acorns.

Fruit and vegetablesFruit and vegetables were mostly eaten when they were in season and soon after picking. They ate fruits such as pears, apples, plums and cherries. Some fruits were preserved in syrup to make them last longer through the winter months. The common vegetables were cabbages and onions. Towards the end of the Tudor period, new foods were brought over from the Americas e.g. potatoes, tomatoes, peepers, maize and turkey.

FishFish was eaten by people living near rivers and the sea. It was compulsory to eat fish on Fridays and during Lent.

DrinkInstead of drinking water with their meals, they often drank ale and the rich drank wine. Water was often unfit for drinking because it was contaminated with sewage. SugarSugar came from abroad and this made it expensive. The Tudor people often used honey to sweeten their food instead.

Food for the PoorPoor people ate a herb-flavoured soup called pottage which would be served with bread. It was made of peas, milk, egg yolks, breadcrumbs and parsley and flavoured with saffron and ginger.

Poverty

In Tudor England about a third of the population lived in poverty. Their suffering always increased after bad harvests. A shortage of food resulted in higher prices. This meant that poorer families could not afford to buy enough food for their needs.

Wealthy people were expected to give help (alms) to local people suffering from poverty because they were old, blind, crippled or sick. Some wealthy people were generous while others were mean. This meant that poor people in some villages were fairly well cared for while others died of starvation.

Unemployment was a major cause of poverty. The closing down of the monasteries in the 1530s created even more unemployment. As monasteries had also helped provide food for the poor, this created further problems.

Unemployed people were sometimes tempted to leave their villages to look for work. This was illegal and people who did this were classified as vagabonds. A law passed in 1536 stated that people caught outside their parish without work were to be punished by being whipped through the streets. For a second offence the vagabond was to lose part of an ear. If a vagabond was caught a third time he or she was executed. In 1550 workhouses were created. In exchange for food and shelter, the people who lived in the workhouse worked without wages. If people without work refused to go to the workhouse they were to be treated as vagabonds. To pay for these workhouses, vicars were given permission to ask everyone in the parish to give money. If people refused, the vicar had to report them to his bishop.

In 1601 it was decided that workhouses now had to be provided for people who were too old or ill to work. People who refused to contribute money to help the poor could now be sent to prison.

Daily LifeLife in Tudor Britain was harsh - the average life expectancy was just 35 years. Most Tudor people lived in the countryside, but some people lived in towns or big Tudor cities like London, Bristol or Norwich. Tudor England was a farming society. Most of the population (over 90 %) lived in small villages and made their living from farming. Under Tudor rule England became a more peaceful and richer place. Towns grew larger and the mining of coal, tin and lead became very popular.

HomelifeThere were none of the comforts we have today. Water was collected from village pumps, wells or streams but was often polluted.

Tudor ToiletsToilets were called 'Privies' and were not very private at all. They were often just a piece of wood over a bowl or a hole in the ground. People would wipe their bottoms with leaves or moss and the wealthier people used soft lamb's wool. In palaces and castles, which had a moat, the lords and ladies would retire to a toilet set into a cupboard in the wall called a garderobe. Here the waste would drop down a shaft into the moat below.

FoodFood was another show of wealth. The rich could afford all kinds of meats and fish and expensive French wine. The best food was considered to be roast veal and venison. People also ate robins, badgers, otters, tortoises and seagulls.Entertainment

The types of sports or pastimes a person did was another sign of their rank or wealth. The rich had time for falconry, hunting, jousting, tennis and bowls.

The PoorThe poor had to work hard and struggled to survive. They worked six days a week and only had holy days and public holidays off work. They ate coarse grey bread made from rye and barley. Soups were made from vegetables and herbs. Meat was a luxury but poor people sometimes kept animals to provide milk, cheese and eggs.Life for the poor in Tudor times was harsh. When the harvest failed it was tempting for poor people to steal food. When people did break the law, they risked public flogging or being hanged.

Medicine and Health Tudor medicine was not very scientific. Doctors had to train in astrology as well as medicine as people still believed then that some illnesses were caused more by the influence of the stars rather than by germs and poor hygiene. The word influenza comes from "influence" and malaria means "bad air". People did not understand about germs. If anyone needed to have an operation they would probably die from infection. Barbers were also trained as surgeons.One of the common treatments was bleeding. Sometimes a doctor would open a vein by cutting it to let out "bad blood". Sometimes they would put leeches on the skin. Leeches are blood-sucking creatures that attach themselves to the skin. When they have gorged themselves with blood they drop off.

PlagueThe plague swept through Europe several times during Mediaeval and Renaissance times. It was devastating, killing a large proportion of the population.Patients first complain of chills. This is followed by a high temperature, and the patient begins to vomit. Soon the skin turns black as large boils appear. Death follows soon afterwards.There were several treatments for the plague, none of which was effective. No one realised that rat fleas spread the plague. Hygiene and public health in Tudor times was very poor, and so rats were common.

Sweating sicknessPatients first suffer from a headache and a slight pain in the chest. Then they break out in a heavy sweat. Soon afterwards they develop a high temperature and a rash. Death may occur within hours. Some people believed that patients should cross their arms across their chests so that air could not reach the armpits and cover themselves completely in blankets, but they must not get too hot.

ScrofulaScrofula is a type of tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes in the neck causing ulceration of the skin. It was once known as the King's Evil.

ScurvyThe symptoms of this disease, which is caused by lack of Vitamin C found in fresh fruit and vegetables, can take several months to appear.Patients suffer from bruises, a rash, followed by sore and swollen gums. Then the teeth fall out. Internal bleeding causes joints to be painful. The disease can be fatal.In Tudor times the rich were more likely to suffer because they did not eat vegetables. Scurvy was quite a common disease in Britain until about 1800.

Sport & PastimesIn Tudor times sport was strictly controlled by the government. For example, only the upper classes were allowed to take part in tournaments. These involved two armoured knights separated by a four-foot-high wooden barrier. Each knight carried a lance and the objective was to knock your opponent off his horse as he galloped past. Only nobles were allowed to hunt stags. Yeoman farmers could hunt foxes and everyone else hunted hares and rabbits.

It was important to the Tudor government that English people spent most of their time working. A law was passed in 1512 that banned ordinary people from a whole range of games including tennis, dice, cards, bowls and skittles.In the early 1500s football became a popular sport in England. It was a very different game from the one played today. The two sets of goal posts were placed about a mile apart. There was no limit to the numbers that took part and players could kick, throw or pick up the ball in an attempt to put it between the opponent's goalposts. In 1540 people in England were banned from playing football.

One pastime that all classes enjoyed in Tudor England was bear-baiting. Individual bears were chained to a post in a bear-ring. A group of dogs were then set on the bear. The dogs tried to kill the bear by biting its throat. Henry VIII and Elizabeth both enjoyed watching bear-baiting. A ring was even built in the grounds of Whitehall so that the Tudor monarchs could watch bear-baiting from the windows of the palace. Queen Elizabeth went on her tours of England, towns put on large bear-baiting shows for her. When the House of Commons in 1585 voted to ban bear-baiting on Sunday, Elizabeth overruled them.

Elizabethans also enjoyed watching other cruel events, for example, bears-that had been blinded being whipped by five or six men. Another event involved donkeys and bulls being attacked by teams of fierce dogs. People also paid to visit mental institutions like Bedlam Hospital in London, where they enjoyed watching the strange antics of the patients. Bedlam even hired out patients to appear as entertainers at weddings and banquets.

Punishment and Torture

There were no police during the Tudor times. However, laws were harsh and wrongdoing was severely punished. In Tudor times the punishments were very, very cruel. People believed if a criminal’s punishment was severe and painful enough, the act would not be repeated and others would deter from crime as well.

EntertainmentA public execution was an event not to be missed and people would queue through the night to get the best places. There was always a carnival atmosphere and pie sellers, ale merchants and producers of execution memorabilia did a good trade. Some 70,000 people suffered the death penalty during the reign of Henry VIII.

Beheading ("Death by the Axe")This was a punishment that resulted in your head being chopped off! The heads were sometimes placed on spikes along London Bridge or other places. Beheading was considered less degrading than hanging, and it usually killed more quickly. Noblemen (rich) who committed crimes were more likely to be beheaded than hung.

Hanging from the gallows. A piece of rope was put around the neck making it hard for the person to breathe. The person would be hung from the rope until he/she had stopped breathing and was dead. People were hung for crimes such as stealing, treason, rebellion, riot or murder.

Burning Women found guilty of either treason or petty treason were sentenced to be burned alive at the stake

Boiled alive For attempting to murdering someone you could be boiled alive in a big bowl of hot water.

Whipping (flogging)Many towns had a whipping post. The victim was chained to the post, stripped to the waist and whipped. You could be whipped for stealing a loaf of bread!

Branding with hot ironsHot irons were used to burn letters onto the skin of offenders hand, arm or cheek. A murderer would be branded with the letter 'M', vagrants with the letter 'V', and thieves with the letter "T".

The pillory (standing)The pillory was a T shaped block of wood with holes for the hands in the crossbar of the T. The person being punished would have to stand in the device in the middle of the market to be ridiculed by passersby.

The stocks (sitting)Stocks were used in the same way as the pillory, except that with stocks, the feet were bound. The stocks were a block of wood with two holes for your feet to go in. Local people threw rubbish and rotten eggs at people in the stocks.

The ducking stool (Punishment for women)Accused witches were dunked into a river, to see if they were innocent or guilty. If they floated, they were considered guilty and burnt at the stake. If they sank, they were innocent but died anyway, by drowning. Either way, they perished.

Limbs cut off - Some people who stole things from shops had their hands cut off.

The Drunkard's CloakThis was a punishment for public drunkenness. The drunk was forced to don a barrel and wander through town while the villagers jeer at him. Holes were cut in the barrel for the person's hands and head, causing it to become like a heavy, awkward shirt.

WomenElizabethan Women were not equal to men. They were dependent on their male relatives to support them. They were many arranged marriages between important families. After marriage Elizabethan women were expected to run the households and provide children. Large families were the norm as the death rate for children and babies was so high. Many Elizabethan women made arrangements for the care of their children in case they themselves died during childbirth.The Education of Upper Class Elizabethan WomenElizabethan women from wealthy and noble families were sometimes allowed the privilege of an Education from a tutor in their home. Elizabethan women were taught from the age of five, or even younger. Elizabethan women would be taught a range of subjects and skills. Manners and etiquette were of prime importance, including how to curtsey. Music, dancing, riding and archery were also taught. However, Elizabethan women were not able to act in theatres!

Elizabethan women were not allowed to go to university.

High ranking young women would take on the role of ladies-in-waiting to the Queen. Lower Class Elizabethan Women

Elizabethan Women from the lower classes were also expected to obey the male members of their families without question. Lower class Elizabethan women would not have attended school or received any formal type of education. Single Elizabethan women were sometimes looked upon with suspicion. It was often the single women who were thought to be witches by their neighbours. All Elizabethan women would be expected to marry, and would be dependent on her male relatives throughout her life.

Elizabethan Women - AppearanceThe Elizabethan diet lacked Vitamin C resulting in bad teeth and bleeding gums. A Medieval woman might even dye her hair yellow with a mixture of saffron, cumin seed, celandine and oil! Face make-up was applied to acquire a pale look. A pale complexion was so desirable that Elizabethan women were bled to achieve the desired look. Face paint made from plant roots and leaves was also applied. The white make-up was lead based and therefore poisonous - Elizabethan women who applied this make-up were often ill and if it was used in sufficient quantities it would result in death. The dress and clothing of Elizabethan women was a series of different layers. Uncomfortable corsets were worn to create the desired look dictated by fashion and the colour and materials that were to be worn were not just a matter of choice, they were dictated by Laws!

Big Question: What is a patriarchal society?

Patriarchal SocietyElizabethan society was patriarchal, meaning that men were considered to be the leaders and women their inferiors. Women were regarded as "the weaker sex", not just in terms of physical strength, but emotionally too. It was believed that women always needed someone to look after them. If they were married, their husband was expected to look after them. If they were single, then their father, brother or another male relative was expected to take care of them.

Housewives and MothersEven though there was an unmarried woman on the throne in Elizabethan England, the roles of women in society were very limited. The Elizabethans had very clear expectations of men and women, and in general men were expected to be the breadwinners and women to be housewives and mothers. On average, a woman gave birth to a child every two years, but as a lot of babies and children died from sickness, families were not always large. Childbearing was considered a great honor to women, as children were seen as blessings from God, and Tudor women took great pride in being mothers.

Professional WomenWomen were not allowed to enter the professions i.e law, medicine, politics, but they could work in domestic service as cooks, maids etc, and a female painter, Levina Teerlinc, was employed by Henry VIII and later by Mary and Elizabeth respectively. Women were also allowed to write works of literature, providing the subject was suitable for women: mainly translations or religious works. Women were not allowed to act on the public stage or write for the public stage. Acting was considered dishonorable for women and women did not appear on the stage in England until the seventeenth century. In Shakespeare's plays, the roles of women were often played by young boys.

MarriageA man was considered to be the head of a marriage, and he had the legal right to chastise his wife. However, it is important to understand what this "headship" meant. It did not mean, as if often supposed, that the husband was able to command his wife to do anything he pleased, in other words, be a petty tyrant. He was expected to take care of her, make sure she had everything she needed, and most importantly to love her and be a good father to any children they had. If a husband felt the need to chastise his wife, then he was not allowed to be cruel or inflict bodily harm. If he did abuse his wife, then he could be prosecuted or prevented from living with her. There was no divorce (as we know it) in Elizabethan times. Marriage generally lasted as long as the couple both lived.Marriages and Single WomenTudor society did not have many avenues open to single women and, following the Reformation, those avenues were even less. Before, women were able to become nuns and look forward to a rewarding life in convents, perhaps be a Mother Superior one day. But with the Reformation, the convents were closed. Wealthy single women (heiresses of property) could look forward to being mistress of their estates and wield the power in the community this would bring, but for poor women, the only long-term "career" really open to them was domestic service. It was not surprising, therefore, that most women married. Marriage was seen as the desirable state for both men and women, and single women were sometimes looked upon with suspicion. It was mainly single women who were accused of being witches by their neighbours.

Big Question: What was the role of women?

Elizabethan WomenThe Elizabethan era was one of great transition, especially for women. Having a female monarch as well as rapid expanding globalization was increasing women’s horizons and placing significantly more value on their decisions. Of course, by today’s standards, Elizabethan society’s treatment of women was barbaric but, at the time, the advances occurring were monumental. In 1604, a law was passed that allowed men and women to marry without their parent’s consent. Still, such marriages were ill advised as the key to the success of a new formed family was their parents’ financial backing.

In those times, a negligible number of women were wealthy. Inheritance laws dictated that property be passed to the eldest son. No matter how many daughters a family had, it was the son the inherited, regardless of age; a family could have a 25 year old daughter and an infant son, but it would be the son who inherited the property. However, in case of the total absence of male heirs, it would be the eldest daughter who would inherit (though she could never, under any circumstances, inherit a title). According to these rules, daughters were eligible to inherit around 20%-25% of the time. Despite, in the 17th century, only about 5% of daughters of the elite were inheriting. (Women Waging Law in Elizabethan England, Tim Stretton) The disparity in figures is accounted for because, while women could inherit in some cases, their inheriting was frowned upon and avoided at all costs.

For a very clear example of the lengths people went to find male heirs, look no further than King Henry VIII whoannulled one marriage (resulting in great civil turmoil) and ended a second with a short sharp shock before finding a wife who could bear him a son, though the doing of it killed her.

On the whole, women’s only means were had through the men that provided for them. In childhood and adolescence, a woman was dependent on her father, who protected and financially backed her. When she grew to adulthood, that responsibility would be shifted onto a husband, who took on a similar role financially. Spinsterhood was unheard of; women who didn’t get married fell into destitution and were labelled witches. The only viable path for a woman who did not want to get married was to enter the sisterhood of the nuns. A woman’s “maidenhood” on her wedding night was considered vitally important. Regardless of the religious implications of premarital sex, having a woman “dishonoured” before she joined a man in marriage cast shame upon her and upon her father. As was said earlier, a father’s duty towards his daughter was to manage her finances and also to protect her honour. If her honour was “besmirched” before her wedding, her father was the one held responsible and the crime was associated with incest.

Women were not allowed an education as we understand education today. The belief that only boys were admitted into grammar school is myth; some girls were allowed to enter school as early as the mid-1500’s, but those girls were not allowed to proceed to university, nor work in professional fields. A woman’s proper education consisted in learning to sew, paint, dance, and play musical instruments. Her primary occupation was keeping house and looking and sounding pleasant. Interestingly, however, women were the greatest admirers of books and reading for pleasure. It was considered emasculating for men to read anything other than books on law, medicine, or tithes, so, in the Elizabethan age, upwards of 80% of all books were purchased for and read by women.

Needless to say, the life of a woman in the Elizabethan era was bleak. Religious fanaticism enforced by law mouldedwomen into the form of the dutiful wife and mother. Their lives were dull and hard, with successive childbirths making them old before their time and leading to very early deaths. It’s for this reason that Shakespeare’s depictions of women as brilliant, rebellious, three-dimensional characters is so extraordinary and highly valued.

Twelfth Night and Elizabethan WomenUsing the reading about Elizabethan society, it is your task is to either disprove or prove my statements using this information. Fill in the spaces below the statements with the information you have found. You must give me at least three facts that either disprove or prove my statement.1. Women had a lot of control in the Elizabethan period.

2. The fact that England was ruled by a single woman (Elizabeth I) meant that single women were more respected and valued in society and had a lot of different routes available to them.

3. Women never entered professions, domestic service or being a housewife was about the only option available.

4. Marriages did not bring any value to the family.

Twelfth Night and Elizabethan WomenNow answer the following questions and be prepared to share your answers with the class.

5. Do you think that the way women in the Elizabethan times were treated was fair? Why? Give reasons to support your judgement.

6. How does the position of a woman in today’s society differ from the position of a woman in Elizabethan Britain? Provide me with three reasons.

7. Do you think that marrying for love was more important than marrying for wealth in Elizabethan Britain? Why?

Answer the following questions to test your knowledge of the reading you have compelted.

Q: What is the name for a society which is dominated by men?

Q: What did women bring to their marriage?

Q: What year did Elizabeth I become Queen?

Q: To whom did an Elizabethan women belong?

Q: At what age could a woman marry?

Q: If a woman did not marry, where could she usually expect to find work?

Q: What are the themes of Twelfth Night?

Q: What is the name for the main character of a play or story?

Q: What kind of play is Twelfth Night?

Q: What were Elizabethan women often raised to believe?

Q: What word can be used to describe a woman who has to obey a man?

Big Question: What is courtly love and courtship?

Courtship – behaviour designed to persuade someone to marry or develop a romantic relationship with one. The process of attempting to win a person’s favour or support.The parents and friends were usually matchmakers. Money usually played an important role in the matchmaking process and the father would pick a 'mate' for his daughter. If the man wanted to marry the daughter, he had to go through her father and ask for permission first.Comparable to these days wherein every woman would look forward to that day when they have to walk in the aisle, Elizabethan marriages was also one of the highlight of every woman’s life. The chief difference between then and today, is that back then the woman possessed very little right in choosing her husband. The matrimony was arranged by families of the bride and the groom in order for the two sides to benefit from one another.Mostly, these were arranged marriages keeping wealth and reputation into consideration. Families of landowners were expected to marry just to attain land possession. Couples usually met each other ON the day of the wedding .This was a very well known tradition among well known nobilities. However, people in the lower class would normally go for arranged marriages with the children of friends and neighbours. Thus, the lower the status a family holds in the society then the larger power a person may have in choosing life partners.

The man generally asked a woman’s father for permission to court his daughter, that implied that the man was seriously and openly desiring the responsibility of marriage. In saying “yes” to a courtship proposal, the father was granting the man permission to visit his daughter, give her gifts, accompany her to formal to social events, etc.

True of False?1. Women had very little choice in the person they married2. Marriages were arranged so both families would benefit3. It was considered foolish to marry for love4. Many couples met for the first time on their wedding day5. They would have been presented with a mini picture before the wedding

200 Word Challenge: Explain what life was like during Elizabethan times.You must use the following:Vocabulary: patriarch/patriarchal, courtly love/courtship, ElizabethanTechniques: facts, statistics, opinions Deliberate sentence: some;others, if,if,if,then

Sentence starters:During Elizabethan times life was very different. A typical day would …For sport, they would …The food …If they were unwell …Women were …People were punished by …

Model AnswerRead the following answer and see what you think they have done well and how they could improve it

During Elizabethan times life was very different to what we experience today. A typical day would vary depending upon what class you were from. If you were from an upper class family, your day would be spend your day in a much more leisurely way than if you were a worker. Firstly, you would not have water coming out of a tap. It would have to be collected and carried back to the home. Food could not be stored like we do now, so that would be a daily task too. In fact, many families would have to bake their own bread.

It wasn’t all hard work, the Elizabethans did have time for some sport and entertainment. Again, this was quite different to what we might expect and they could be quite cruel and involve hurting animals. Bear baiting was a popular sport among all of the classes. Other sports, particularly any that involved tournaments were just for the upper classes.

If they were unwell or injured from playing sport, they didn’t have the medical care we do now but they did have medicine and doctors. Many of the treatments came from natural products such as herbs and plants.

Women were seen as delicate creatures who had to be protected but they also had a maternal and domestic role in the household. They would be expected to run the house whilst the man went out to work.

WWW:EBI:Write your response here:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Self-AssessmentUse the following success criteria to self-assess your work.

Success Criteria: Accurate punctuation Accurate spelling Used and explained patriarchy correctly Used and explained courtly love correctly Used at least one of the deliberate sentences Varied sentence openings

REVIEW THE BIG QUESTIONS Learning Episode 1Who is William Shakespeare? What is the Globe Theatre?

What is a comedy? What does Twelfth Night mean?

Where is the play set? What would an Italian noble household look like?

What was Elizabethan society like? What is a patriarchy?

What was the role of women? What was courtly love?

What is religion? What is the honour code?

Learning Episode 2

Big Question: What are dramatic techniques?

Look at all of these techniques and decide if you do or do not feel confident with them. Place a tick or cross next to each one.

DUAL CODED SYMBOL

TECHNIQUE DEFINITION Effect EXAMPLE FROM THE PLAY

Question/ Interrogative

A sentence that asks something.

o to indicate a question or doubto showing an ironic point or humorous

idea that requires no answer in the texto expressing outrage or anger at a

particular situationo revealing the inner thoughts of a persono making the reader have some kind or

emotional response

“are you mad?”

“Dost thou think …?”

“is there no respect of place, person, nor time in you?”.

Noun A thing or object. o provides a focus “masters”

f f fm m mt t t

Alliteration of “m

More than one word that begins with the same letter or sound.

o making the words more memorable due to their matching initial sound

o humouro creating or imitating a newspaper

headline styleo adds emphasis, reinforces meaningo draws attention to key words or ideaso can elicit emotive response

“my masters are you mad?”

Descriptive noun

Nouns that describe emotions, behaviours and relationships.

Influences the reader about the nature of the person, place or thing

has an emotive effect

“devil”

Imperative A verb or sentence used to convey a command, a request, or a forbiddance.

issues a request, gives a command, or expresses a desire or wish

aims to get the person(s) being addressed either to do or to not do something

“Go shake your ears”

List Short phrases or single sentences used together in a row.

organise information into memorable chunks/points

highlight important points makes facts more manageable makes key points stand out synthesises key information

“is there no respect of place, person, nor time in you?”.

Triple pronoun Using three words or ideas together.

o more effective in engaging the readero helps the reader to remember

information o pushes the idea/tone being set

“yourself … your … you”

Hyperbole Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used to make a point.We use hyperbole frequently in everyday language, saying things like “I’m so hungry I could eat a cow,” or “We had to wait forever for the bus.”

used for emphasis creates extreme exaggeration can have a comic effect can have a serious effect creates dramatic effects through

dramatic imagery argues through the employment of

shock tactics and appeals to fear argument can be less effective if

overused or exaggerated

“The Devil”

Foreshadowing Writer hinting at what is to come ahead in the text.

o enhances tensionso makes the reader start thinking of the

futureo keeps the reader interested/guessing

follows a theme through a text in an underlying and subtle way!

o hooks in the readero builds up anticipation in the text

“are you mad?”

Dramatic irony When the audience knows something that the characters don’t.

creates intense suspense or humour. sustains the reader's interest creates curiosity provides a contrast between the

situation of the characters and the episode that ultimately unfolds

Audience know that Olivia did not write the letter to Malvolio

Soliloquy A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage.

allow the audience to know what a character is thinking or feeling

often creates dramatic irony, as the audience is made aware of thoughts and events that the other characters in the play are not.

Malvolio speaking to himself when he finds the letter.

AABBCC

Rhyming couplets

Rhyme is a popular literary device in which the repetition of the same or similar sounds occurs in two or more words, usually at the end of lines in poems or songs.

o sounds musical/pleasing to the earo creates a jarring effecto adds emphasiso acts as a unifying influence

Matching Activity

Match the dual coding symbol to the technique:

Question/ Interrogative Noun Rhyming coupletsTriple pronoun Hyperbole SoliloquyAlliteration of “m Descriptive noun ForeshadowingDramatic irony Imperative List

DUAL CODED SYMBOL

TECHNIQUE DUAL CODED SYMBOL TECHNIQUE

f f fm m mt t t

AABBCC

Add the definitions into the table. They are at the bottom of the page, or you could write your own.

DUAL CODED SYMBOL

TECHNIQUE DEFINITION EXAMPLE FROM THE PLAY

Question/ Interrogative

“are you mad?”

“Dost thou think …?”

“is there no respect of place, person, nor time in you?”.

Noun “masters”

f f fm m mt t t

Alliteration of “m

“my masters are you mad?”

Descriptive noun

“devil”

Imperative “Go shake your ears”

List “is there no respect of place, person, nor time in you?”.

Triple pronoun “yourself … your … you”

Hyperbole “The Devil”

Foreshadowing

“are you mad?”

Dramatic irony Audience know that Olivia did not write the letter to Malvolio

Soliloquy Malvolio speaking to himself when he finds the letter.

AABBCC

Rhyming couplets

Place the following definitions next to the correct terms.

A verb or sentence used to convey a command, a request, or a forbiddance.Short phrases or single sentences used together in a row.Writer hinting at what is to come ahead in the text.When the audience knows something that the characters don’t.A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage.Using three words or ideas together.

Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration used to make a point.We use hyperbole frequently in everyday language, saying things like “I’m so hungry I could eat a cow,” or “We had to wait forever for the bus.”A sentence that asks something.A thing or object.More than one word that begins with the same letter or sound.Nouns that describe emotions, behaviours and relationships.Rhyme is a popular literary device in which the repetition of the same or similar sounds occurs in two or more words, usually at the end of lines in poems or songs.

Big Question: How does Shakespeare's language differ?

Most languages have a familiar form and a polite form of ‘you’. In Shakespeare’s time that was also true of English.

‘Thou’ was the familiar form of you and had its own verb part, e.g.

Thou art = you are Thou hast = you have Thou dost = you do

‘You’ was the polite form used to strangers or social superiors. As with other European languages, this was also the plural form of the verb.

Therefore a conjugated verb would include an extra part – the second person singular:

To BeSingular Plural

I am We are Thou art You areHe, she, it, is They are

To HaveSingular Plural

I have We haveThou hast You haveHe, she, it, hasThey have To DoSingular Plural

I do We doThou dost You doShe, he, it, does They do.

Exercises1. Conjugate the following verbs, including the familiar form:

To know To walk To see To follow To work

2. Asking questions: As in modern English, the verb is inverted in order to ask a question:

Are you? Have you? Did you? Would you?

With the second person singular following this rule:

Art thou? Hast thou? Dost thou? Wouldst thou? Etc.

Exercises

1. Ask the following questions in Elizabethan grammar:• Who are you?• What do you do?• Have you been here long?• Where are you going next?• Why are you asking me questions?

Then make up two questions of your own.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Write out the following quotations, substituting the familiar forms for those in brackets:• (Do you) think because (you are) virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?• How (do you) like this tune?• (Will you) go to bed, Malvolio?• (Talk you) of nothing but ladies?• (Have you) forgot yourself?• How now, (are you) mad?

3. With a partner, script a brief game of verbal tennis, where opponents must ‘bat’ a question, which can only be replied to by another question. • No statements, exclamations, repetitions or non-sequiturs are allowed! When you are satisfied with your exchanges, re-script the game using the familiar forms.

Exercises

1. Write out the following sentences, filling in the correct form:

Thou thee thy thine

• _______ hast done me wrong. • I have never lied to ___________. • ______ knowest my heart is _________. • Why dost ______ not believe me? • If only ________love were as constant as mine, _______wouldst feel the anguish that I do.• ________dost not know what I have suffered.• I have suffered agonies for _______• Wilt _______not see that my heart is truly __________?• I give _______ this jewel, as a token.• Please take it, so it will be always ________.• It is only ________love that I desire; ______kisses and ________fond words.

Using the familiar form as the object of a sentence

You have learned how to use the familiar form ‘thou’ as the subject of a sentence, and how to use it in questions. When it becomes the object of a sentence it changes.

When you use ‘I’ as a sentence object, it becomes ‘me’; you would not say ‘He gave the book to I’, but ‘He gave the book to me’. The familiar form follows this pattern.

‘He gave the book to thee’ (not ‘He gave the book to thou’).

Exercise

1. Write out the following sentences, filling in the correct form:• The girls wish to dance with ______• I am making a drawing of _______• ______ hast the picture I made for _______• Poor fool, I can only pity _______• Hast _______ the letter I gave to _______?

This is also true of the possessive forms. To indicate belonging, we would say,

‘This is my book,’ or perhaps, ‘This book is mine.’

In the familiar form, this becomes

‘This is thy book’ or ‘This book is thine.’

Exercise

1. Write out the following sentences, filling in the correct form:• Thou hast written this letter, for this is _____ hand.

• I am returning this kerchief, for it is _________• Wilt thou swear this is ________ horse?• When did this noble beast become ________?• Thou hast given _______ heart to me, yet still it is ________.

2. Complete the Elizabethan letter below (or write one of your own) showing that you have understood all the uses of the familiar form.

My dearest coz_______ knowest how well I esteem _______ wisdom, and therefore I make bold to ask for _______ advice. I am in love, but know not how to find whether or not my love is returned. If these feelings were _______, what wouldst ______ do? I can go no longer without sleep or food, but must know if my sentiments are returned. Hast ______ ever felt these pangs of desire? If so, ______ wilt know in what need I stand of ________ best comfort.

In hope and expectation,Ever _________Name

Derivatives of Here, There, and Where.

In Shakespeare’s time, people not only used ‘here, ‘there’ and ‘where’ to refer to places, they also had the forms hither, thither and whither, meaning roughly ‘to here’, ‘to there’ and ‘to where’; in addition they used hence, thence, and whence, meaning roughly ‘from here’, ‘from there’ and ‘from where’.

For example, someone might ask, “Whither goest thou?” (Where are you going to?) and could receive the answer, “O, hither and thither” (O, here and there.)

If a person was asked, “Whence came you, master / mistress?” they might reply “From Canterbury, good sir / madam.” If questioned about when they came, they could answer “I rode thence yesterday.” An idle servant might be told, “Get thee hence, thou knave.”

Exercises

1. Fill in the correct form in the spaces: hither thither wither• Come ______________ boy, and look at this.• If you wish to meet her, you must travel _____________ immediately.• ______________ must you go, to comply with your father’s commands?• I prithee come _______________ and help me to search for the lost needle.• I did not go _______________ as I wish never to see the house again.• The old man asked me _______________ I was riding, but I ignored him.

2. Fill in the correct form in the spaces: hence thence whence

• You must go ____________ to seek your fortune.• I walked to the shore and ___________ to my house.• You cannot ask me ____________ I came, for it is secret.• You are a buffoon; __________ and leave me in peace!• He galloped to the river and ___________ on a ferry to the opposite bank.

• __________ came the four horsemen, and what did they seek?

Shakespearean Insult Kit!You are going to make your own Shakespearean insults. HOW? - Start each sentence with thou (which means ‘you’)- Then take an insult from column A, then add on an insult from B, then from C.- Mix the insults about. - Try and be as funny as you can.

COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C1. bawdy hunch-backed canker-blossom2. brazen clay-brained codpiece3. bootless dog-hearted crutch4. distempered empty-hearted cutpurse5. fitful evil-eyed dogfish6. gnarling eye-offending egg-shell7. greasy fat-kidneyed gull-catcher8. grizzled heavy-headed hedge-pig9. haughty horn-mad Boar pig10. hideous ill-bred Horn beast11. jaded ill-composed lout12. puny ill-nurtured Maggot pie13. lewd iron-witted malt-worm14. peevish lean-witted mannequin15. pernicious lily-livered Mold worm16. prattling mal-bred Pigeon egg17. purpled motley-minded Mold warp18. queasy muddy-mettled nut-hook19. rank onion-eyed pantaloon20. reeky pale-hearted Hugger mugger21. roynish paper-faced Foot licker22. saucy pinch-spotted remnant

23. sottish raw-boned rudesby24. unmuzzled rug-headed ruffian25. vacant rump-fed Bug bear

MY INSULTS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Now use the dictionary on the next page to translate your insults:1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

ADJECTIVES NOUNAbhorrent Disgusting Shakespeare Modern EnglishAccursed Outlawed, criminal Bezonian A beggarBraid Deceitful Bully-rook A bragging cheaterCapricious Lusty Caitiff A slave or a witchCozening Cheating Caporchia A simpletonCowish Cowardly Churl Rude, impolite personCream faced Foolish Chuff A coarse, blunt clownHard hearted Cruel Coxcomb A vain and conceited man.Decayed Rotten Cozener A cheaterDeboshed Drunk Customer A common womanEnseamed Fat, rank Cullion A base fellow, a man with no moralsFacinorous Wicked Cur An aggressive mongrel or contemptible manFell Lurking Follower Flibertigibbert Foolish personFoul spoken Rude speaker Fustilirian A scoundrelFulsome Lustful Geck A foolGarish Gawdy, showy, lacking in good taste Hilding A paltry, puny manGorbellied Excessively fat Horse-drench A poor stable boyHorn-mad Crazy Inkhorn -mate A contemptuous term for an educated manIron witted Boring Irregulous A lawless man or criminalLangaugeless Cannot speak good English Jack A mean fellowLeasing lying Knave A low-born boy or serving-manLewd Ignorant and rude Lag The lowest of all peoplesLily livered Disgusting Lifter A thiefLither Lazy Loon A contemptible fellow with no moralsLoathsome Hateful, detestable Lowt A clownMeacock Cowardly Swinge-buckler A bullyMoonish Inconstant, changeable, or fickle Maw The mouth or jaws of a ferocious animal or greedy personMistempered Angry Meazel A mean personMiscreate Illegitimate Minimus Little finger or toeMincing Affected, putting on airs and graces Mouse-hunt A weaselNice Foolish Mome A stupid personObsequious Fawning, giving false complements to Natural An idiotOrgulous Proud Noddy A stupid personPalled Impaired, with some kind of deficiency or disability Patch A mean fellowPathetical Hypercritical Quat A pimple – insulting termPicking Insignificant, unimportant Rabbit-suckler A weasel

Prime Rank, leacherous Rag A term of contemptPrincecox Conceited, arrogant, foolish person. Rampallian A mean wretchPuppyheaded Not intellectual Riggish A woman with no moralsPugging Thieving Road Common womanRash Quick, violent Rook A cheaterRawly Inadequate Scroyle A scabby fellowReechy Dirty Sot FoolRipe Drunk Scullion The lowest of all servants employed to do the most menial tasks in the kitchenRoisting Violent Tallow Hard fat that comes from the bodies of sheep and cattleRonvon A term of contempt applied to a woman Trojan A thiefRoynish In poor condition, shabby Villain A low-born manSaucy Lusty, lewd Woodcock A simpletonScald Scabby Worm A serpent or snakeScathful DestructiveScurvy ScabbySeam FatSere DryShallow FakeShrewd MischievousSingle Feeble, weakSkilless IgnorantSpleeny Bad-tempered, spiteful, nastyStigmatical DeformedStretch mouthed Big mouthSullen MoodyThrasonical BoastfulUnjust DishonestUnpregnant StupidUnrespective inconsiderate, selfishUnstanched Incontinent, having no control of bodily functionsVinewed MouldyVolube Fickle, changeableWailful Lamentable, someone to be pitiedWasp stung UglyWee Small, tinyWomen-tired Hen-pecked, nagged by your wifeWrithled Shrivelled

REVIEW THE BIG QUESTIONS Learning Episode 2What dramatic techniques does Shakespeare use? How does Shakespeare's language differ?

What is dramatic irony? What is a soliloquy?

What is hyperbole? What is foreshadowing?

Learning Episode 3

Big Question: What is Comedy?

ORACY AND COLLABORATION: Look at the poems below:• Decide what makes people laugh.

• Where is the comedy in the poem you have read?

What makes people laugh?Explore the different types of humour by matching the examples to each picture. Write your answers next to the number below. Find the answers in the middle of the image below,

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Comedy – What are the different types and how are they different?Name the different types of comedy and write out a definition for each.

Type

Type

Type

Type:

Type:

Big Question: Where is the play set?

Shakespeare set Twelfth Night in Illyria – the ancient name for the coast on the Adriatic Sea, which takes in parts of modern Serbia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Albania, Croatia, and Montenegro.

At the time Shakespeare was writing, no actual place called Illyria existed. In the ancient Greek era, a region called Illyria was located off the Adriatic Coast in territory that now includes parts of Croatia, Serbia, and Bosnia, as well as other regions. Illyria ceased to exist as an independent kingdom when it was conquered by the Romans

in the 2nd Century BCE, and was reorganized as a Roman province called Illyrium, which was subsequently re-divided and renamed in 10 BCE. However, people still continued to use the name Illyria as a general reference point for the region. For Shakespeare, choosing this setting served a number of purposes. The ancient history of the setting meant the era could remain unclear, while the foreign and exotic nature of the location would have piqued an audience’s curiosity. Much like Viola, who is unsure what to expect from this fantastical land, audiences would have been more willing to suspend disbelief about the characters’ over-the-top adventures. Viola laments at the start of the play, “And what should I do in Illyria?” (1.2.). The answer is, as an unknown stranger, she can really do whatever she wants, propelling the fantastical plot.

Shakespeare weaves together real and invented place references in the play. Many of Shakespeare’s comedies are set in Italy, and most of the characters in Twelfth Night have Italian names, suggesting the play is set in the vicinity of Italy. Viola and Sebastian refer to their homeland as Messaline.

Comprehension questions1. Where is Illyria?2. Why did Shakespeare choose this as a setting?3. Where are many Shakespearean comedies set?

Big Question: What is the plot of Twelfth Night?

Look at the wordle below, from what you can see, write some ideas of what you think the play will be about.

My Predictions: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Play summary correction exerciseThis is a summary of the play... But it’s full of spelling mistakes, missing punctuation and capital letters! Can you sort it out?

Orsino is the duke of Illyria he is in love with a countess called

Olivia, but she isnt intrested in him, because of the deth of her

brother.

Meanwhile identicle twins Viola and sebastian are shiprecked of

the coast of Illyria. They get seperated, and each one thinks the

other has drownd

Viola disguizes herself as a boy and calls herself Cesario. She

gets a job with orsino.

Orsino tells Viola/cesario that he is in love with olivia. He sends

Viola/Cesario to persade Olivia to change her mind.

unfortunitely Olivia fall’s for Viola/Cesario, and Viola/Cesario

falls in love with Orsino!

At the end, Viola reveals who she really is and marries orsino.

Olivia marrys Violas brother, Sebastian.

Cloze Plot Summary

_________________________ and her brother, _________________________, were shipwrecked on [1] [2]

the coast of a land called _________________________, a land ruled by a Duke named [3]

_________________________. The twins, who looked remarkably alike, were separated in [4]

the wreck, and neither knew that the other had survived. The Duke was in love with

a very rich and noble lady named ________________________, who continually refused the [5]

Duke’s wooing. In order to stay safe, Viola ________________________ herself as a [6]

young man and called herself by the name of ________________________, and in this [7]

disguise she acquired employment with ___________________ Orsino . [8]

Cesario went to the ______________ went to the house of the _________________ Olivia , [9] [10]

on the Duke’s orders to convince this noble lady of the Duke’s love. The lady, though,

thinking that the Duke’s young page was far more handsome than the Duke, decided

that she wanted to woo the ____________ “man” she knew as “Cesario.” [11]

Interestingly, the woman who was disguised as Cesario had _______________________ [12]

in love with her _________________________ . [13]

Orsino disguised Illyria handsome Viola fallen

Cesario noblewoman Olivia Sebastian Duke master

Use these questions to test your knowledge of the plot.

Quick Recap

1. Where is the play set?a. Orionb. Illyriac. Croatia

2. How do Viola and Sebastian end up there?a. They travelled by horse seeking work.b. They walked there.c. Their ship was in a storm and they washed ashore.

3. Why does Viola choose to dress up as a man?a. They are the only clothes she can find.b. She needs to change her gender so that people do not ask questions.c. She finds the clothes more comfortable.

4. Who is Orsino in love with at the beginning of the play?a. Cesariob. Violac. Olivia

5. Why is Olivia uninterested in men and love?a. She is in mourning for her brother who has just died.b. She is scared of falling in love.c. She doesn’t trust anybody and thinks they are after her money.

6. What does Viola call herself when she is dressed as a man?a. Fabianb. Sebastianc. Cesario

7. Who does Olivia marry?a. Sebastianb. Fabianc. Orsino

8. Who is Orsino in love with at the end of the play?a. Cesariob. Violac. Olivia

9. What does Malvolio find?a. Hankerchiefb. Letterc. Hat

10. How is a Shakespearean comedy supposed to end?a. With deathb. With marriagec. With uncertainty

Test your knowledge of what happens in Act I

1. What is the setting of Act I Scene I?(a) The sea-coast(b) Olivia’s house(c) Orsino’s Palace(d) Olivia’s garden

2. Orsino states in Act I Scene I, “If music be the food of ___, play on…”(a) Forgetfulness(b) Faith(c) Love(d) Honesty

3. Orsino describes music as a “sweet sound, that breathes upon a bank of ______” in Act I Scene I?(a) Poppies(b) Lupines(c) Tulips(d) Violets

4. Who invites Orsino to go hunt in Act I Scene I?(a) Valentine(b) Fabian(c) Curio(d) Antonio

5. Valentine informs Orsino that Olivia will be observing a period of mourning for how many years in Act I?(a) 2(b) 7(c)(d)

6. For whom is Olivia observing a period of mourning in Act I?(a) Her brother(b) Her sister(c) Her mother(d) Her husband

7. What is the setting of Act I Scene II?(a) Elysium(b) The Elephant(c) The sea-coast(d) Before Baptista’s house

8. In what country has Viola arrived in Act I Scene II?(a) Prague(b) Elysium(c) Illyria(d) Messaline

Test your knowledge of what happens in Act 2Question 1: Who has Sebastian been ship wrecked with at the beginning of Act II?

a. Cesariob. Antonioc. Feste

Question 2: T or F: Sebastian knows for sure that his twin sister, Viola, is alive.a. Trueb. False

Question 3: Who says this quote, "I have enemies in Orsino's court."a. Fabianb. Antonioc. Sebastian

Question 4: Maria might describe Malvolio as: a. self-absorbedb. selflessc. caring

Question 5: Who initially devises the plan to get revenge on Malvolio?a. Mariab. Sir Tobyc. Fabian

Question 6: In this "plan" what do Olivia's friends leave for Malvolio to find?a. a picture of Oliviab. a fake love letterc. all of these

Question 7: Finish this quote: "Some are born great, some achieve greatness..."a. and some create greatnessb. and some experience greatnessc. and some have greatness thrust upon them

Question 8: What trick does Maria plan to play on Malvolio?a. trick him with a love letterb. tell the Duke that Malvolio loves himc. get him to eat a steak

Question 9: What is Malvolio daydreaming about before he reads the letter?a. Cakeb. Dukec. Olivia

Question 10: When Malvolio tells Maria, Toby, and Andrew off, why is Maria annoyed?a. she loves Malvoliob. she is tired of him ordering them aroundc. she wants to quit

Question 11: How does Malvolio react when he finds the letter?a. Delighted and follows the instructionsb. Pleased and runs to tell Mariac. Honoured and tells Olivia about it

Question 12: What specific piece of clothing does the letter mention of Malvolio's?a. yellow stockingsb. green braidc. purple shirt

Big Question: What is the comedy structure?

Place the event from the play onto the line.

1. Shipwreck.2. Landing in Illyria and becoming Cesario.3. Becomes Orsino’s page and deliver messages.4. Cesario tries to court Olivia for Orsino but she falls in love with Cesario.5. Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria and Feste enjoy a party at Olivia’s house (in basement).6. Malvolio comes down and tells them they are too noisy and inappropriate.7. Sir Toby, Sir Andrew, Maria and Feste play a prank on Malvolio – love letter.8. Malvolio follows the letter and dresses in yellow stocking and tells Olivia he loves her. He is put in a cell.9. Sir Andrew is jealous of Cesario and challenges him to a duel.10. The sailor mistakes Cesario for Sebastian.11. Sebastian and Olivia meet by chance and she mistakes him for Cesario.12. The truth is revealed and Olivia and Sebastian marry as do Orsino and Cesario.

Look at the description of a typical comedy below. Does Twelfth Night follow that?

A love story Misunderstandings and miscommunications Tricks and deceptions Ends in a marriage

Your response:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Modern vs Historical

Watch the trailer for She’s the Man. This is a modern film that uses the plot and characters from Shakespeare’s play Twelfth Night. She’s the Man is extremely similar to Twelfth Night. However, She’s the Man is focused on its teen audience therefore underlining Shakespeare’s underlying issues. Can you remember the type of audiences Shakespeare would create his plays for?

Complete a venn diagram to think about similarities and difference between the two:

REVIEW THE BIG QUESTIONS Learning Episode 3

Set in Elizabethan England

Set in modern America

What is a comedy? What does Twelfth Night mean?

What is the plot of Twelfth Night? How does it follow the comedy structure?

Learning Episode 4

Big Question: Who are the characters in Twelfth Night?

Unscramble the character’s names:1. Nosiro2. Ivola3. Aisnaetbs4. Moaillov5. Mriaa6. Yetholcbb7. Inafab8. Tinnoao9. Rdwiersna10. Oliaiv

Can you remember all of the connections between the characters? Use the key to complete the diagram.

Read the information and write as much information as possible on your assigned character.SUCCESS:-explain who a character is-explain their part in the play-use vocabulary to describe them

Viola - A girl in a shipwreck, Viola is rescued by the

captain.  She has a twin brother who she loves very much

who she thinks died in the shipwreck. Washed up on the

shore of Illyria when her ship is wrecked in a storm, Viola decides to make her own way in the

world. She disguises herself as a young man, calling herself "Cesario," and becomes a page to

Duke Orsino. She ends up falling in love with Orsino—even as Olivia, the woman Orsino is

courting, falls in love with Cesario. Thus, Viola finds that her clever disguise has entrapped her:

she cannot tell Orsino that she loves him, and she cannot tell Olivia why she, as Cesario, cannot

love her. Her difficult situation is the central conflict in the play.

Who is she?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is she friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does she do in the play?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe her: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Olivia -  A wealthy, beautiful, and noble Illyrian lady, Olivia is

courted by Orsino and Sir Andrew Aguecheek, but to each of

them she insists that she is in mourning for her brother, who has

recently died, and will not marry for seven years. She and

Orsino are similar characters in that each seems to enjoy wallowing in his or her own misery.

Viola’s arrival in the masculine guise of Cesario enables Olivia to break free of her self-indulgent

melancholy. Olivia seems to have no difficulty transferring her affections from one love interest to

the next, however, suggesting that her romantic feelings—like most emotions in the play—do not

run deep.

Who is she?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is she friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does she do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe her: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Orsino -  A powerful nobleman in the country of Illyria. Orsino is

lovesick for the beautiful Lady Olivia, but becomes more and

more fond of his handsome new page boy, Cesario, who is

actually a woman—Viola. Orsino is a vehicle through which the

play explores the absurdity of love: a supreme egotist, Orsino mopes around complaining how

heartsick he is over Olivia, when it is clear that he is chiefly in love with the idea of being in love

and enjoys making a spectacle of himself. His attraction to the ostensibly male Cesario injects

sexual ambiguity into his character.

Who is he?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is he friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does he do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe him: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Malvolio -  The straitlaced steward—or head servant—in the

household of Lady Olivia. Malvolio is very efficient but also very

self-righteous, and he has a poor opinion of drinking, singing,

and fun. His superior attitude earn him the hate of Sir Toby, Sir

Andrew, and Maria, who play a cruel trick on him, making him believe that Olivia is in love with

him. In his fantasies about marrying his mistress, he reveals a powerful ambition to rise above his

social class.

Who is he?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is he friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does he do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe him: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sir Toby -  Olivia’s uncle. Olivia lets Sir Toby Belch live with her,

but she does not approve of his rowdy behavior, practical jokes,

heavy drinking, late-night carousing, or friends (specifically the

idiotic Sir Andrew). Sir Toby also earns the ire of Malvolio. But

Sir Toby has an ally, and eventually a mate, in Olivia’s sharp-witted waiting-gentlewoman, Maria.

Together they bring about the triumph of chaotic spirit, which Sir Toby embodies, and the ruin of

the controlling, self-righteous Malvolio.

Who is he?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is he friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does he do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe him: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Maria -  Olivia’s clever, daring young waiting-gentlewoman.

Maria is remarkably similar to her antagonist, Malvolio, who

harbors aspirations of rising in the world through marriage. But

Maria succeeds where Malvolio fails—perhaps because she is

a woman, but, more likely, because she is more in tune than Malvolio with the anarchic, topsy-

turvy spirit that animates the play.

Who is she?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is she friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does she do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe her: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sir Andrew Aguecheek  - A friend of Sir Toby’s. Sir Andrew

Aguecheek attempts to court Olivia, but he doesn’t stand a chance.

He thinks that he is witty, brave, young, and good at languages and

dancing, but he is actually an idiot. He spends his time with Sir

Toby drinking, and at times, wooing Maria. He tries to give up his suit on Olivia, but Sir Toby

advises him against it.

Who is he?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is he friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does he do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe him: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Feste -  The clown, or fool, of Olivia’s household, Feste moves

between Olivia’s and Orsino’s homes. He earns his living by making

pointed jokes, singing old songs, being generally witty, and offering

good advice cloaked under a layer of foolishness. In spite of being a

professional fool, Feste often seems the wisest character in the

play. He is witty, a trickster, a devoted messenger, and a singer. He helps play the prank on

Malvolio by acting like the preacher.

Who is he?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Who is he friends with/work for/loves in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does he do in the play?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Words to describe him: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name:

Name:

Name:

Personality:

Relationship with other characters.

Name:

Personality:

Relationship with other characters.

Name:

Personality:

Relationship with other characters.

REVIEW THE BIG QUESTIONS Learning Episode 4Who are the characters in Twelfth Night?

Who is Malvolio? Who is Sir Toby?

Who is Sir Andrew? Who is Maria?

Learning Episode 5

Big Question: What happens to Malvolio? What vocabulary can I use to describe Malvolio?

Overview of Act 2 Scene 3

Act 2 Scene 3 Overview

1. Toby Belch and Andrew Aguecheek have just returned to Olivia's pad from another all-night party. Toby says that, since it's after midnight and they're awake, they're just like a couple of healthy people who like to wake up early.

2. A skeptical Aguecheek says he doesn't know about all that, but Toby insists that he and Aguecheek are not only awake at an "early" morning hour, but they also go to bed after midnight, which means they also go to bed "early."

3. Sir Andrew pipes up that all he and Toby ever really do is eat and drink, so Toby calls for another round of booze. Then Feste shows up and they greet each other by saying stuff like "Welcome, ass!"

4. Aguecheek gives Feste props for the great performance he delivered that night. Feste's got a great set of pipes and the crowd enjoyed themselves on dance floor. They also dug his stand-up comic routine and hope he got the money they left him as a tip.

5. Toby and Aguecheek give Feste a few more coins and demand a love song, which Feste obliges. The trio continue to fool around, singing and talking trash (much of it nonsense) when Maria enters and tells them to pipe down before Olivia kicks them out.

6. Maria's chiding doesn't do any good, so Malvolio runs in to lecture them. Don't they have any sense of propriety? Are they crazy? Acting like a bunch of drunken commoners in a rowdy bar. Geesh.

7. Toby blows off Malvolio, who threatens that Olivia's going to give them the boot if they keep it up.8. Toby, Maria, Feste, and Aguecheek bag on Malvolio for being a steward (head servant). Who does Malvolio think

he is? Old Toby and company will keep partying.9. Malvolio yells at Maria then and accuses her of tolerating and egging on the rowdy men. Maria tells him to "go

shake [his] ears" which is another way of saying "get lost."10. When Malvolio leaves, Maria asks Toby and crew to take it easy tonight since Olivia's been all bent out of shape

ever since she talked with "Cesario" (Viola in disguise). Maria knows Olivia's worked up over the visit, but it's not clear if she knows that Olivia has a crush on "Cesario."

11. Maria promises to plan an elaborate prank to punish Malvolio for being such a haughty party pooper and acting like a "kind of Puritan" (a member of a Protestant sect that had beef with the Catholic Church and had a reputation for disapproving of all forms of fun).

12. Aguecheek says he'd beat Malvolio "like a dog" if he really was a Puritan. Maria calls Malvolio a kiss-up and a poser with secret social ambition. Maria's going to forge a love letter and drop it where Malvolio will find it. When he reads the note, he'll be convinced that Olivia is in love with him.

13. Oh goody. Toby and Aguecheek can't wait to mess with Malvolio.14. When Maria goes to bed, Toby brags to his buddy that Maria's into him and wants to be Mrs. Toby Belch.15. Toby then tells Aguecheek he'd better send home for some more money since he's almost out.16. Aguecheek whines that Olivia will never love him and worries that he's spending all his money for no good

reason.17. Oh, well, he decides. Then he and Toby agree that it's way too late to go to bed now. They might as well stay up

and drink some more beer.

Test your understanding of Act 2 Scene 3

Match the answer to the question.

1. Why does Maria go talk to Sir Toby?

2. What does Malvolio do? Why is this bad?

3. Who isn’t drunk and will remember what Malvolio said?

4. What does sneck up mean? Who said it?

5. Why does Sir Toby get mad?

6. Sir Toby tells Maria to get more alcohol, what does Malvolio do?

7. What does Maria say about Malvolio after he leaves?

8. What does Sir Andrew say?

9. How does Maria plan on getting revenge on Malvolio?

10. What is Maria's plan?

A. He calls them crazy-they are above him, he should have been nice and polite

B. Maria

C. She says 'go shake your ears' which means go act like the donkey you are.

D. She doesn’t want him to get in trouble because he is making a lot of noise in the middle of the night

E. “Shut up”, Sir Toby said it.

F. Malvolio says he will kick him out of the house

G. To write a note and trick Malvolio into thinking its written by Olivia-it says that she loves him.

H. He threatens Maria-if she gets more alcohol, he will tell on Maria

I. He will challenge Malvolio to a duel (Sir Toby encourages him to do this).

How can I analyse character through the language that they use?Exploding Quotes – Exploring Act 2 Scene 31. Highlight a key word in the text.2. Explain the meaning of it.3. Identify the word class or technique.4. Explain what it tells the reader about the character.

"My masters, are you mad?"

“is there no respect of place, person, nor time in you?”.

“If you can separate yourself and your misdemeanors you are welcome to the house.”

“you wold not give means for this uncivil rule.”

Noun – title shows he is aware of their position and his.

Alliteration of letter "m" - mimics the foreshadowing that he later becomes mad.This is a soft consonant though – does this fit with the idea he is causing trouble? Does he use it to siften his attack?

Question/interrogative – shows he is judging them and questioning their behaviour. Malvolio is a Puritan and does not agree with this type of social behaviour. He should not be questioning them at all, never mind the fact they might not sane.

"Dost thou think that because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?"

"Go shake your ears."

"The devil a Puritan that he is"

"[Malvolio thinks] that all that look on him love him"

Big Question: How do I analyse an extract?What? How? Why?Model answers:

I think Malvolio is disrespectful and rude. The words from the play that show this are, “my masters, are you mad?”. Firstly, he shows respect by calling them by an appropriate title, however, he then questions their sanity. He is asking them whether they are sane. As a servant, it would go against the code of society for him to question or judge a person who he serves.

I think Malvolio is righteous. The words from the play that show this are, “your misdemeanors” and “uncivil rule”. He is judging Sir Toby and the fact he likes to drink and party. He thinks it is wrong and disrespectful to do this and his words show he believes it goes against the law.

The audience gets the impression that Malvolio is righteous and superior. The phrases from the play that show this are, “your misdemeanours” and “uncivil rule”. Firstly, this shows that Malvolio is being righteous because he thinks he is the boss and can make judgements about the “uncivil rule”. He use of the adjective “uncivil” is commenting on the rude behaviour of his masters, thinking he can tell them what is right and wrong even though he is only Olivia’s steward. The same goes for his words “your misdemeanours”, which emphasises the pronoun “your”,as he is not supposed to say things like this people like Sir Toby and Sir Andrew who have a higher role in society than he does.

Malvolio is being superior and disrespectful in this scene. In my opinion I think he is on his high horse when he says, “is there no place, nor time in you?”. This is showing that he is trying to tell them that they do not know how to behave in different places. In Elizabethan times, there were social rules about what behaviour was acceptable in certain places. Malvolio is telling them their behaviour is not appropriate but this is not his place. He cannot tell somebody like Sir Toby and Sir Andrew their behaviour is wrong because he is a servant but he thinks he can which makes him think he is above them when he isn’t.

Look at the answers above. Choose one that you think works well and explain what they have done well.Success Criteria:

Offer an opinion on a character Select and use a quotation Make inferences about a character Pick out effective language used by a writer Pick out effective techniques used by a writer Explain the writer’s intentions Explain the audience reaction

Now choose and answer that needs improving and explain what they need to improve: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ASSESSMENT: How is Malvolio presented and what do the other characters think about him?

WHAT?-What is the writer telling us about the theme/ character/setting?-What do they want you to feel as a reader?*______ is presented as…*The reader gets the impression that…*The writer causes the reader to think that…HOW?-How is the writer doing this?-How do they use language/structural techniques to do this? -How do key words/phrases show this? -How does it tell us something about the time a text was written?*The adjective/noun/verb/phrase/Image/simile/metaphor/alliteration*This suggests/implies/indicatesdemonstrates/presents/ portrays/ highlights/ emphasises/ reinforces/ develops/creates/hints at…

WHY?-Why is the writer doing this? -Why did the writer choose that language? -Why might they want us to interpret it in a different way? *The writer wants us to understand the importance of…*It could be argued/some readers may believe/alternatively/ possibly/on the other hand/it may be seen as/for other readers/ equally/ conversely

READING SUPPORT MATWHAT?-What is the writer telling us about the theme/ character/setting?-What do they want you to feel as a reader?

Malvolio is:Conceited - Meaning: to love yourself. Disdainful - Meaning: to dislike someone you think is below you. Egotistical - Meaning: to be think you are better than others Foolish - Meaning: not having good sense. Gullible – Meaning: easily persuaded to believe something. Haughty - Meaning: to think you are better than others. Pompous – Meaning: to be full of self-importance and show-off. Pretentious - Meaning: try to impress by pretending you are more important than you are. Puritanical - Meaning: to have a very strict attitude about enjoying yourself too muchSensible – Meaning: to show good sense. Vainglorious - Meaning: to be over the top about your own achievements.

*______ is presented as…*The reader gets the impression that…*The writer causes the reader to think that…

HOW?-How is the writer doing this?-How do they use language/structural techniques to do this? -How do key words/phrases show this? -How does it tell us something about the time a text was written?

Question/Interrogative – “are you mad?”Noun – “masters”Alliteration of “m” – “my masters are you mad?”Descriptive noun “devil”Question “Dost thou think …?”Imperative “Go shake your ears”Question/Interrogative and list - “is there no respect of place, person, nor time in you?”.Triple pronoun “yourself … your … you”Hyperbole – “The Devil”Foreshadowing – “are you mad?”

*The adjective/noun/verb/phrase/Image/simile/metaphor/alliteration*This suggests/implies/indicatesdemonstrates/presents/ portrays/ highlights/ emphasises/ reinforces/ develops/creates/hints at…

WHY?-Why is the writer doing this? -Why did the writer choose that language? -Why might they want us to interpret it in a different way?

Feel:-sympathy for Maria, Sir Toby and Sir Andrew and the situation they are in-alarmed that MAlvolio is speaking to a noble in this wayImagine: -to visualise what Malvolio is like-to anticipate how the characters are going to reactThink:-to understand how Malvolio sees himself as superior-to consider what the consequences will be after his behaviour

*The writer wants us to understand the importance of…*It could be argued/some readers may believe/alternatively/ possibly/on the other hand/it may be seen as/for other readers/ equally/ conversely

REVIEW THE BIG QUESTIONS Learning Episode 5What vocabulary can I use to describe Malvolio? What happens to Malvolio?

Why would they want to humiliate Malvolio? Why is Malvolio imprisoned?

How does this link to courtship and hierarchy? How do I annotate an extract?

How do I analyse an extract? How do I analyse Shakespearean language?

Learning Episode 6

Big Questions: What is formal/informal language?

Formal or informal?How many examples of types of formal and informal letters can you think of (e.g. letter of complaint)?

Formal Informal_________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _________________________

Big Question: GDN3: How noun phrases create descriptions which help readers to infer character

Zeljan Kurst was a large man with heavy, broad shoulders that formed a straight line on either side of an unnaturally thick neck. He was bald by choice. His head had been shaved and there was a dark grey shadow beneath the skin. His eyes, a muddy brown, showed little intelligence and he had the thick lips and small, squashed nose of a wrestler, or perhaps a bouncer at a shady nightclub. Many people had underestimated him and occasionally Kurst had found it necessary to correct them. This usually involved killing them. (From Scorpia Rising: Anthony Horowitz)

John Reed was a schoolboy of fourteen years old…large and stout for his age, with a dingy and unwholesome skin; thick lineaments in a spacious visage, heavy limbs and large extremities. He gorged himself habitually at table, which made him bilious and gave him a dim and bleared eye and flabby cheeks. (From Jane Eyre: Charlotte Bronte)

Note the different ways in which noun phrases can be constructed, with detail positioned both before and after the head noun. You could explore the effects of different choices and patterns e.g. whether placing the adjectives after the noun (eyes, a muddy brown) is more emphatic than the more usual placement of adjectives before the noun (muddy brown eyes), as well as the subtle shifts in meaning created by choice of determiner e.g. many people rather than some people. You could use extracts like these for play e.g. using word substitution to turn a sallow and sickly character into a rudely healthy one: a rosy and gleaming skin; well-toned limbs; plump cheeks etc.

200 Word Challenge: Write a description of Malvolio, from Maria’s perspective, entering the basement and walking down the stairs. Move your details around to see which position gives the best perspective.

E.g A large man with heavy broad shoulders pounded down the stairs and came towards me. Pounding down the stairs, a large man with heavy, broad shoulders came towards to me.

Write your description here:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Peer Assessment: Success criteria

Used a number of noun phrases Thought about the order and position of the words Give a clear image of the character of Malvolio

Big Question: GDN6: How well-chosen lexical verbs can create vivid description

Smoke was rising here and there among the creepers that festooned the dead or dying trees. As they watched, a flash of fire appeared at the root of one wisp, and then the smoke thickened. Small flames stirred at the trunk of a tree and crawled away through leaves and brushwood, dividing and increasing. One patch touched a tree trunk and scrambled up like a bright squirrel. The smoke increased, sifted, rolled outwards. The squirrel leapt on the wings of the wind and clung to another standing tree, eating downwards. Beneath the dark canopy of leaves and smoke the fire laid hold on the forest and began to gnaw. Acres of black and yellow smoke rolled steadily toward the sea. (From Lord of the Flies: William Golding)

Lexical verbs are those that carry the weight of meaning – the verbs that students are likely to refer to as ‘doing words’. Students may think that ‘adding adverbs’ will make their writing more descriptive, when often the descriptive work is provided by the verb alone. Verb choices that are lexically linked (e.g. eating, gnaw) or deliberately repeated (increasing/increased; rolled outwards/rolled steadily) also contribute to text cohesion.

Go back to your description and underline any lexical verbs. Reflect on whether you have made the right choice. Would Maria use those words to describe him?

For example, would Maria use the word stepped or stomped to described how he came down the stairs?Think about what verbs you could use to describe these actions.

Write any improvements or changes here:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Week 7 – How is Malvolio fooled?Watch the different versions of ‘The Gulling of Malvolio’:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_xgHTveKKA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D55uvCvpcY8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2MZJfrLqTM

Act 2 Scene 5 OverviewPut the events in the correct order:

A. Malvolio fantasises about marrying Olivia.(He would get the chance to boss more people around. He would tell Sir Toby off for drinking and stop him seeing Sir Andrew. By this point, Sir Toby is ready to throttle him and Fabian has to hold him back.)

B. Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Fabian are ready for the fun.(Fabian is another servant with an old score to settle against Malvolio because he has got him into trouble with Olivia in the past.)

C. The letter tells Malvolio to do stupid things.(He should be even more pompous. He should be rude to Sir Toby and the servants to prove he loves Olivia. He should wear yellow stockings.)

D. They hide in the hedge.(Malvolio is coming. Maria tells them to hide in the hedge and she drops the letter in the middle of the path.)

E. Malvolio already thinks Olivia fancies him.(He thinks she finds him good-looking. It would have been unusual for a servant and mistress to have a relationship. Also, Olivia is in mourning for her brother who recently died.)

F. This makes the other characters angry.(They call him a rogue. Sir Andrew wants to beat him up because he should not be saying things like that about his mistress. Sir Andrew is also jealous. They have to keep shushing each other in case Malvolio hears them)

G. Malvolio falls for it completely.(He is very excited by letter. He imagines that Olivia will really like his yellow stockings. The letter asks him to smile all of the time.)

H. Sir Toby and Fabian think it is hilarious.(Fabian says he would not give this up for a thousand pounds. Sir Toby says he could marry Maria for this. Maria tells them to watch how Malvolio acts in front of Olivia – she is going to hate it.)

I. Now he sees the letter.(He recognises Olivia’s handwriting and the seal on the letter. He decides to read it.)

J. The trick is working.(There is a love poem in the letter, and Malvolio picks up clues that it is about him. The other watch him from the hedge and make comments.)

News ArticleRead this news article about Malvolio . Can you identify the following techniques?IdiomDirect speechWho? What? When? Why?

In his comment, Sir Toby uses the verbs “puffing” and “boasting” to describe Mavolio. What does these words mean and what impression do they give of Malvolio?“Puffing”Meaning: _______________________________________________________________________________Inference: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________“Boasting”Meaning: _______________________________________________________________________________Inference: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Big Question: What vocabulary can I use to describe characters?Choose a word from the vocabulary list on the next page, complete the tasks and make sure you know this word as it is your responsibility to share this with the class over the next few weeks.Once you have looked at the words you need to place them in the character outlines of Maria, Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Malvolio on the next page.

Key word in the spotlight Use the key word correctly in a sentence Create a question where the key word is the answer

Synonyms Draw or find a picture to illustrate the key word

Key word in the spotlight Use the key word correctly in a sentence Create a question where the key word is the answer

Synonyms Draw or find a picture to illustrate the key word

Big Question: What vocabulary can I use to describe Malvolio?

Conceited - Meaning: to love yourself. Synonyms: vain, arrogant, big-headed, stuck-up, self-importantDisdainful - Meaning: to dislike someone you think is below you. Synonyms: superior, snooty, look down on, snobbish

Egotistical - Meaning: to be think you are

better than

others

Synonyms: arrogant, big-headed, self-centre, self-loving, narcissistic

Foolish - Meaning: not having good sense. Synonyms: silly, unwise, thoughtless, stupid, idiotic

Gullible – Meaning: easily persuaded to believe something. Synonyms: naïve, innocent, trusting, accepting, easy to fool, believing, unquestioningHaughty - Meaning: to think you are better than others. Synonyms: proud, arrogant, snooty, stuck-up, overconfidentPompous – Meaning: to be full of self-importance and show-off. Synonyms: self-important, arrogant, snobbish, exaggerated, vain, showyPretentious - Meaning: try to impress by pretending you are more important than you are. Synonyms: Showy, fake, vain, smug, unnaturalPuritanical - Meaning: to have a very strict attitude about enjoying yourself too much. Synonyms: stuffy, prim, strait-laced, prudish, moralSensible – Meaning: to show good sense. Synonyms: practical, non-nonsense, reasonable, normal, wise Vainglorious - Meaning: to be over the top about your own achievements. Synonyms: proud, arrogant, self-important, big-headed, boastful

Choose a character from the play and decide who you think these sentences are describing. Use the list above to help you with the vocabulary

1. _____________ is vulgar as all he does is over eat and drink all day.2. _____________ is haughty and pompous when he tells the group that their behaviour is unacceptable and he warns Sir Toby that he will be thrown

out of the house.3. _________ is buoyant and genial to everybody except Malvolio. She tries to reason with him but his superior attitude makes it very difficult.4. ____________ is foolish and feeble because he allows Sir Toby to use him for his wealth.5. ____________ is so conceited and he thinks he is more important in the household than Maria.6. ____________ is gullible and conceited so it was easy to convince him that Olivia was in love with him.7. ____________ can be vulgar and excessive because he does enjoy drinking and having fun.8. ____________ was outraged when Malvolio, with his pompous and disdainful attitude, came into the basement looking down his nose at everybody.9. ____________can be a boaster and likes people to know he is affluent. This is one of the reasons Malvolio takes any opportunity to put him in his

place.10. How ridiculous that ______________ actually thinks Olivia would want to see him wearing yellow stockings and cross garters – how foolish!

Hotseating Maria What do you think Maria’s response would be to these questions.

Why do you dislike Malvolio?What gave you the idea for the plan? How did you know that Malvolio would fall for it?What was it like when you all watched him parading in his yellow stockings?What happened the night Malvolio came downstairs?Do you think Malvolio deserved what happened to him?How have things changed as a result?

Maria does not like Malvolio because …-He thinks he is more important than her-He thinks he is better than her-He looks down on everyone around him-He thinks he can tell people what to do-He thinks he is closer to Olivia than her What will she tell her friend about the night Malvolio came downstairs?-he just barged in -they were having fun-they could not have made that much noise as they were down in the basement-he thought he could threaten Sir Toby-he went off to tell Olivia what was happening-she came up with a plan What will she tell her friend about the plan to humiliate Malvolio?-he is so arrogant that she knew he would believe it-she knew she could copy Olivia’s handwriting-she picked things that he would not usually do so he would look silly-his false smile was hilarious-the yellow stockings made him look mad-they watched him from the bush, trying not to make too much noise-everybody thinks he is mad How does she feel after it?-he got what he deserved-maybe he will think twice about how he acts-he will leave Sir Toby alone

What happens now? What was the point of it?-some balance restored in the house-she can marry Sir Toby

Grammar for Writing: Use these tasks to start drafting some ideas for your letter. These examples show you how to improve your writing.

Big Question: GDN8: How the use of first person combined with present tense can give an immediacy to description of events

He closes his eyes and as he waits he sings softly. “Oranges and Lemons, say the bells of St. Clements.” Under my breath I sing it with him. I hear the echoing volley. It is done. It is over. With that volley a part of me has died with him. I turn back to go to the solitude of my hay barn, and I find I am far from alone in my grieving. All over the camp I see them standing to attention outside their tents. And the birds are singing. (From Private Peaceful: Michael Morpurgo)

What does Maria see Mavolio do?What is she during at the same time?

Maria about Malvolio:He stepped in with his yellow stocking as proud as punch. In the bushes, I tried to keep my laugh in. I couldn’t believe that he still thought this was what Olivia wanted. He was parading around with those silly cross garters. I was still trying to stifle my giggles.

Big Question: GDN9: How diary writing uses the present tense for diary comment and the past tense to narrate things that have happened

It’s a wonder I haven’t abandoned all my ideals, they seem so absurd and impractical. Yet I cling to them because I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart.

At three o’clock, the doorbell rang. I didn’t hear it, since I was out in the balcony, lazily reading in the sun. A little while later Margot appeared in the kitchen doorway looking very agitated. “Father has received a call-up notice from the SS,” she whispered. “Mother has gone to see Mr van Daan.” I was stunned. Visions of concentration camps and lonely cells raced through my head. (From The Diary of Anne Frank)

Big Question: GPA3: How using repeated phrases and clauses in successive sentences (anaphora) can be used to emphasise and link ideas

We call upon all governments to ensure free, compulsory education all over the world for every child. We call upon all the governments to fight against terrorism and violence. To protect children from brutality and harm. We call upon the developed nations to support the expansion of education opportunities for girls in the developing world. (From Malala’s speech to the UN)

Imagine a political system that puts the public first. Imagine an economy that gives everyone their fair share. Imagine a society capable of supporting everyone’s needs. Imagine a planet protected from the threat of climate change now and for the generations to come. That’s the world we want to create and we believe we have the means to do it. (From Green Party manifesto)

What phrase could Maria repeat?Imagine a world without …We knew …

Big Question: How do I write a letter? Planning a letter

PARAGRAPHS Ideas for what to write Vocabulary to describe Malvolio

P1 - Remind your friend about Malvolio and explain that you have finally got your revenge.

-He thinks he is more important than her-He thinks he is better than her-He looks down on everyone around him-He thinks he can tell people what to do-He thinks he is closer to Olivia than her

P2 – Explain why you do not like Malvolio .(What has he done in the past?)P3 – Tell her about a specific incident. (What about the night Malvolio came down to the basement?)

-he just barged in -they were having fun-they could not have made that much noise as they were down in the basement-he thought he could threaten Sir Toby-he went off to tell Olivia what was happening-she came up with a plan

P4 – Explain how you created a plan and how you got Malvolio to go along with it.

-he is so arrogant that she knew he would believe it-she knew she could copy Olivia’s handwriting-she picked things that he would not usually do so he would look silly

P5 – Tell her what Malvolio did after reading the letter and how you feel after it.

-his false smile was hilarious-the yellow stockings made him look mad-they watched him from the bush, trying not to make too much noise-everybody thinks he is mad

P6 – Reflect on what happens now and what you think he will learn from it.

-he got what he deserved-maybe he will think twice about how he acts-he will leave Sir Toby alone-some balance restored in the house-she can marry Sir Toby

Model Answers – What do you think?Pupil 1Dear Isabella,I come to write to you to tell you about that cruel Malvolio and that I have finally got revenge on him to.I think you know that I have never liked Malvolio because he is always bossing every body about even the rich! He is always being rude to Sir Toby, he never gives up (in a bad way), he acts like Olivia doesn’t even like him but she doesn’t and he only cares about himself.Also Just a few nights ago he came storming downstairs complaining about the noise he did say that Olivia asked him to go downstairs but am not Quite sure. Anyway he was demanding to sir toby and the others ‘no more cakes and ale’ and he liked it!He has always thought that olivia likes him so me and the others decided that we would do a love letter and he felt for it! Plus see how olivia only wears dull cloething well in the letter well in the letter i told him to wear bright light colours.At the moment i am so happy because theres no more Malvolio bossing people about so never any braging, rudeness, commands, telling us what to do like he was the king of the world. Speaking about that am very glad that he is not he king. i think that would be a nightmare!Well we can all finally move on with our lives and sir toby belth will finally calm down and Malvolio witll get what he derserves.Your friendMaria x

Pupil 2Dear Isabella,Hello I hope you are okay. I’m writing to you because there has been a lot of exciting things going on. I am sure you remember Malvolio, my lady’s steward. Do you remember me telling you how horrid and mean he was to me and Sir Toby? He is such an egotistical and arrogant man. Well, I have finally got my revenge to him and I think this means that he will never ever been mean to anyone again.I have never liked Malvolio because he is a boaster and extremely conceited. Well, the other night he went too far. I had gone downstairs because I could hear the gang having fun. They were all there: Sir Toby, Sir Andrew and Fester. I was persuaded to join them in a little drink and we were having good fun until he came stomping his feet down the stairs to the basement. Malvolio thinks he is the boss of everyone. He has always been a bossy, rude, disrespectful and cold hearted. This was the last time he would do that.Let me tell you more about the night. The final straw came when he came down the stairs with lots of loud bangs! He came saying, “My masters, are you mad? Or what are you? Is there no respect of place, persons, nor time in you?” with a loud voice. How mean is that? He is so puritanical. I mean we were only having a couple of drinks and singing, it was not that loud and we were at the bottom of the house, he was near the top. His excuse was that Oliva sent him down and she told Sir Toby that if he does not be quiet he is leaving the house. Who does he think he is? But I don’t believe him obviously. That was when I knew what to do, I could fool him because he is so gullible and conceited.Of course, I knew what to do I will write him a love letter from Olivia but it would not really be from Olivia but from me. I can do my lady’s handwriting very well so if I put my mind to it I will do her writing. He always thought that my lady loves him but she does not love him (why on earth would he think that!). So I knew this would be good revenge.Well, it was the funniest thing I have ever seen he fell for it. In the letter I put on it “put yellow tights on and smile to show a sign that you love me.” It was very funny he made a big show of himself but on the bright side he can get a lot of attention now, that is what he wanted before. Now, Olivia told the guards to lock him up in prison and I really hope I never see him again. Hopefully, now he will never ever be mean to anyone again, after all he does deserve it. Now, we all are having a blast without Malvolio; noone has moaned at us for a whole day! Wow, I love life now Malvolio isn’t around to shout at anyone.

Hope to see you soonMaria xx

Write a letter, as Maria, to her friend. Describe the trick you played and explain why you did it.

Look at the marking criteria below. You need to make sure you think about these when writing your letter. Use the support mat on the next page to help you with your letter.

English (writing) – Y7 Learning OutcomesSkill Foundation (1 mark) Developing (2 marks) Securing (3 marks) Exceeding (4 marks) Excelling (5 marks)Organisation Your writing has a clear

beginning, middle and end. You are beginning to use paragraphs.

You are beginning to use paragraphs accurately.

Your work is structured and paragraphed.

Your work is structured and paragraphed. You make effective links between paragraphs.

You use paragraphs effectively.

Sentences You use simple sentences and connectives such as: and, but, then so. You can use different sentence types.

You can use a range of sentences including compound and complex sentences.

You sometimes vary sentences for effect, and can use descriptive and exclamatory sentences. You can use a variety of connectives.

You can vary sentences, for dramatic effect. You use a range of connectives for effect.

You regularly choose a variety of sentences, phrases and connectives for impact.

Punctuation You use full stops and capital letters correctly. You sometimes use commas, and can write in different tenses.

You can use capital letters, commas and question marks correctly. You sometimes use speech marks.

You can use punctuation marks with accuracy including apostrophes for possession and omission and speech marks.

You can use a range of punctuation marks accurately.

You can use a full range of punctuation effectively.

Spelling You spell most simple words correctly. You can spell some more complicated words correctly.

You spell simple words, and some complex words, correctly.

Your spelling is mostly accurate. Your spelling is mostly accurate, except for unusual words.

Your spelling is accurate, except for unusual words.

Style, form and appropriacy

You try to make your writing interesting and match the purpose of the task. You have tried to create a narrative voice.

You are aware that your writing needs to meet the needs of the reader, and most of your writing matches the purpose of the task. You have used figurative language.Your narrative voice isn’t fully consistent.

Your writing matches the purpose of the task, and you choose words and sentences for effect. You have used figurative language well.Your narrative voice is mostly correct throughout your writing.

Your writing matches the purpose of the task, and has an appropriate style. You use figurative language effectively. You can consistently use the correct narrative voice throughout.

You use an appropriate form and style, catching the reader’s attention throughout. You can consistently use the correct narrative voice and have made use of direct speech within your writing.

Content focus You can use some description to describe a character or an event.

You can use techniques such as noun phrases and lists to describe a character and some events.

You sometimes use techniques such as noun phrases, lists and lexical verbs to describe characters and events.

You can use a range of techniques including prepositional phrases to describe the admiration for a character or event.

You use a full range of techniques to describe the admiration for a character including foreshadowing future events.

VocabularyCan you use any of these words when describing Malvolio and his actions?superiorrighteousarrogant

rowdyprankdisruptive

humiliatesdisrespectfulridiculous

allegiancetormentingcriticism

pompousrude impolite

revengepaybackhilarious

ConnectivesUse these words to connect and develop ideas

firstlyobviously

before

meanwhileas time went on

another thing

whereason the other hand

despite this

even thoughafter

Overall

OpenersThese are phrases you could use to start your sentences or paragraphs

Malvolio has always …Sometimes he …I addition to this …

Another thing …After a while …Eventually …

Once …Sometimes …As time went …

I felt as …Due to …Before …

Now …Hopefully … An important thing …

PunctuationCheck the rules and examples to make sure you have used your punctuation correctly

Full stop To mark the end of

a sentence, e.g. Malvolio skipped in wearing his yellow stockings.

Question mark Used at the end of a

sentence, instead of a full stop, e.g. How would Malvolio feel if somebody spoke to him like that?

Comma Use for each item in a list, e.g. He is rude, arrogant, superior and bossy Separate extra information within a burger sentence, e.g. Malvolio, who is only a servant, was

bossing Sir Toby around. Separate a subordinate clause and a main clause, e.g. When the letter fell, Malvolio picked it up. After a connectives used at the start of a sentence, e.g. However, Malvolio has learned his

lessonSentences Use these super sentences to improve your work

The Burger sentenceMalvolio, who is only a servant, was bossing Sir Toby around.Rule: Add extra information in the middle (subordinate clause) Use commas either side of the extra information

The ‘some; other’ sentenceSome people may think what we have done is cruel; others know that Malvolio deserved everything he got.Rule: They are compound sentences that begin with the word ‘some’ and have a semi-colon to replace the word ‘but’

The De:De sentenceI was furious: I could not take any more of his behaviour.Rule: A description: Detail

A compound sentence - two independent clauses are separated by a colon The first clause is descriptive and the second adds further detail

The Triple ‘if’ sentenceIf he had been kinder, if he had thought about the feelings of others, if he had not humiliated Sir Toby, then I might not have played this prank on him.

Rule: ‘if, if, if, then …’ Capital ‘I’ for the first ‘If’ Comma after each clause starting with ‘if’

The Signpost sentenceFirstly, Malvolio has never had a kind word to say about anybody.Rule: They can be used as introductions, at the start of a paragraph, at the end of a paragraph.

3 – ed sentenceAmazed, confused, thrilled, she turned to face her mother.Rule: capital for first word commas after each –ed word

P1 – Remind your friend about Malvolio and explain that you have finally got your revenge.

I am sure you remember …

I have finally …

arrogantegotistical

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P2 – Explain why you do not like Malvolio .(What has he done in the past?)

-giving out orders-getting others into trouble with Olivia

You know that I have never liked Malvolio because …

Malvolio has always …

He often …

haughtydisdainful

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P3 – Tell her about a specific incident. (What about the night Malvolio came down to the basement?)

-in the basement-threatening Sir Toby-looking down on people

The final straw came when …

We were only …

He actually called …

You should have seen him …

That was when I knew …

puritanicalexcessive slothful

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P4 – Explain how you created a plan and how you got Malvolio to go along with it.

-wrote the letter in Olivia’s handwriting-dropped the letter-listened to him reading it-gave him ridiculous things to do

Of course, I knew he would …

He always thought …

We were …

We couldn’t believe it when …

conceitedpretentiouspompous

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P5 – Tell her what Malvolio did after reading the letter and how you feel after it.

-dressed in yellow stockings and cross garters-told Olivia he loved her-smiled all of the time

Well, it was the funniest thing I have ever seen …

He entered the room wearing …

On his face was …

Olivia was …

It was the exactly …

ridiculousfoolishparading

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P6 – Reflect on

Hopefully, … ______________________________________

what happens now and what you think he will learn from it.

Now, …

sensiblediscerningknowledgeablegenial

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REVIEW THE BIG QUESTIONS Learning Episode 6

What is informal language? What is formal language?

How can I use noun phrases to infer character? How can lexical verbs create vivid description?

What are different sentence types? What is narrative voice and tone?

How can repeated phrases be used to emphasis and link ideas?

How can I use past and present tense in diary writing?

How do I write a letter? What is the difference between a formal and informal letter?