SUMMARY “THE LANGUAGE OF THE NEWS” (Martin Conboy)

Martin Conboy with his “The language of the news” examines and makes a detailed analysis on the conventions of language used in the newspapers with an excellent key of representation. This manual examines debates in the newspapers themselves about the nature of language as well as commentary on political correctness, the sensitive use of language and irony as a journalistic weapon, besides the language of the news assists students in widening their perceptions of the use of language in the news media and is essential reading for students of media and communication, journalism.

1. LANGUAGE AND CONVENTIONAL COMMUNITIES INTRODUCTION

On the main aim of this chapter is to press that the study of the language of the news media isn’t an exercise in exposing the hidden tricks or deceptions of journalists, editors or owners. It prefers to search for a systematic study of the patterning of the language on various themes across the news in order to further our understanding of the social implications of this language. Then, this chapter emphasizes that language is a social activity and the author argues that the success of the news as a form of communication.

LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY

The language has always been rooted in social activity: our name, our work, our gender, all identify us and they do this through a language which we hold in common with others in society, as well as, the language is central to many debates in contemporary society and it is the medium in which those debates are embedded. Briefly, the language is a social practice which is one amongst many SOCIAL PRACTICES OF REPRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICATION.The study of language is dual, tracing social and semiotic theories, theories of social forces and relationships and theories of systems of signification and representation . This studies oblige us to consider the stile and structure of its language as well as the social and historical networks in which is located. The argument isn’t new: in fact, in ancient Greece, Plato and Aristotle triggered debate between naturalist and conventionalist interpretations of language. This debate ensured

that the study of grammar and vocabulary developed momentum in learned society with regard to whether language influences society or whether society influenced language. In the contemporary we can build on the insights of the ancient Greek philosophers to consider the socially constructed lace in that word.Analysis of this language can move us beyond sophistry and towards an involvement which may enable us to become better informed in our social world. The news is extremely important in helping us to build up a normative view of the world and set parameters for how we interact with that world, therefore this language has an enormous influence on the ways in which we perceive the world in which we live.The title of this chapter signals an important element of the above approach: it will demand that in taking a linguistic view of journalism and its social and political roles we are part of a set of communicative patterns which exist outside ourselves as individuals. Language is part of the process by which we become social participants, understanding and intergrading within the wider circle of these communities. We may claim that language in a manifestation of such social integration, this is a functionalist view of language: one which considers how language functions to integrate individual actors within a network of social experience. The systematic study of language allows us a fresh perspective on some of those patterns of linguistic behaviour and enables us to take a critical look at how the news pursues certain agendas which inevitably contribute to and occasionally challenge patterns of social and political difference.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEWSPAPER LANGUAGE

The language of the news plays a major part in the construction of what Berger and Luckman have referred to as “social construction of reality”, this language is produced as a set of practice which carry traces of their historical development. The language of the first newspaper in the XVII century was a radical step towards the political involvement of a wider social circle, particularly the rising merchant class. The earliest newspaper gave these readers information, in the main of the political and economic world which was addressed to them in the local language: the vernacular.This in itself was a departure from the tradition which had seen important communication channelled through the sacred language of Latin and thus restricted to an elite. Their newspaper’s language was drive to provide factual and reliable information in order to distinguish them from other types of printed matter such as the more controversial broadsides and pamphlets. Newspaper began by assuming that their readership was reasonably homogeneous. It is important to remember this great historical diversity in styles as we look at the variety on offer today. Keeble writes that there are many journalism: but despite this there are certain features which can be

identified as forming part of what most people agree are the rudiments of contemporary news language and style.In the XVIII century news often comprised the contents of letters received and the language reflected the letter-writing styling of the time. Newspaper depended on such reports for their own content. Newspaper continued to present all forms of news in such language until a point where news was in such plentiful supply and competition between profit driven newspaper became so intense that the language became compacted to allow for the maximum impact.

CONTEMPORARY NEWSPAPER LANGUAGE Newspapers today are language forming institutions: their language informs and is influenced by broader linguistic trends. Newspaper language is driven as never before by the economic imperative to retain its audience within a densely competitive news media environment. There are two consequences of these developments: first, newspaper often reduce the complexity of the world and, second they often lack context because of constraints on the space. Their language discourages the elaboration of the network of meanings necessary for a rounded understanding of historical contexts and the nature of the news narratives means that they move on before integration with wider implications can be explored.News language has been the division of the content of the newspaper into various: first, the hard news where overt opinion is in general repressed and which includes spot news and the reporting of the reporting of the routines of politics and public life and, second, those genres (such as opinion pieces) in more or less fore grounded. Within specialists sections of the newspaper, sports, fashion etc., in more latitude for the language to show traces of the opinion and even judgement of the taste.In broadcast media the live interview is often the place where opinions are rehearsed or refuted.

NEWSPAPER AS INTERPRETATIVE COMMUNITIES

Wi thin the general range of linguistic stylist of the news there is a differentiated social target. The language side of each news medium is an exercise in audience design.This style is differentiated by the division between the two main categories of newspaper: the tabloid and in the broadsheet. Maybe the terms and elite and popular may be more accurate for what these still of different styles of newspaper are aiming. Social difference is involved with in our language and therefore inevitably lead in the language of our news media the communal nature of language mean that it depends to a great expends to a power for convention.

In fact, individuals have difficulty is creating newer words or challenging the convention of language. This language either gradually loses or grains change in its meaning to tell you words and it is caused by the changing dialogue about meaning and use of the word connect across a wide selection of society. Newspapers have always had a central role in such debates.Anderson, in fact, has commented on the material role of newspapers style in creating the imaginary communities.newspaper have a clear idea of who their reader is. This must be represent in side and register of language employed, the stereotypes, positive or negative…our news is our word to the extent that it contributes to our understanding of what happens behind our everyday experience.T he relation between the newspaper's writing and its typographical features, layout and pictures combine further to endorse an identifiable community of appeal. The choice of language as well as its layout is always significant in this process.

NEWSPAPER LANGUAGE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE

There are a big range art critic reviews of language of the news it is important to outline and explore norms of this language.

HEADLINES

This is very important to and central to understand the article. The development of other languages central issuance of the increasing of newspaper. The first use of tiered headlined was during the Usa's Mexican War in XIX century. One example all of this innovation from the Sun which convenience exclamation, both double and single, and use of capitals as emphasis. Headlines has developed significantly since this. They are three functions: first they provide a brief summary of the main news, second day attract attention and third they often provide an initial indicator in their contacts inside out the news.An Australian newspaper take a quotation from a member of public and turn it into a colloquial headline which attempts to use humour to focus it readership's attention on the power supply problems in the middle of a heatwave. Blind Freddy could have seen this coming American newspaper there is an example of wordplay which recalls in an in light- hearted way how to twelve minor league baseball players had tested positive for steroids. Stay positive after the positive.In the elite press, headline can flatter the target readers knowledge literature of history:one example from the independence:- RAVANS, THE LITERARY BIRDS OF DEATH

- COME BACK TO LIFE IN BRITAIN

STORIES

Within newspaper stories tend to follow a set pattern in their exposition and development, from the headline the downwards. The language as its story and it's all implication the language of newspaper is never simple as it is one of consequence of the layout of hard new story in the conventional is the cut for the contextual information is relegated to end.

OBJECTIVITY

Newspaper article are relatively new to the concept of objectivity as a profession ideal.In the XVIII century and XIX central newspapers were notorious for their support for the political and commercial position and interests which often subsidized them for that support.Objectivity is merely an institutional preference. The attribution of sources and the description and the titles in terms of their selecting of who has something of significance to contribute to public debate. despite the fact that these belong to established patterns, they can nevertheless carry ideological significance.One example can be the conservative Daily Telegraph that would highlight an alleged split within the cabinet although there is nothing more substantial to attribute than the leak of letters by senior ministers as it serves the paper's own anti- government agenda and highlights splits.

2. ANALYTICAL TOOLS (1)

CRITICAL LINGUISTICS

Critical linguistics has developed through the work of a variety of academics who have worked with the language of the news media. It seeks to draw attention to the way in which language is used across the news media to create the convention in which the conventional of society reproduce them and without drawing too much attention to this process of reproduction.Critically linguistics considers language to be one of the main tools of analysis through with knowledge can we get rid of the dominant factor of the life within a society that any particular time and place. The dominant ideas and viewpoints in any society tend to be the ideas and the viewpoints of those who have direct political or economic control and the new media reproduce their view of this is classes political or economic.This process of representation isn’t static one and the new medium need to be able to adapt to the changing historical or political circumstances. A good example of these was the shipped to "Sun" newspaper to overt support for the Labour Party before 1997 when general election and being reserved three conservatives wrote the preceding period.There a difference between new media and political voice within the political establishment: the news media are demonstrably strong on holding individual political social and political parties in general to account for their actions and decisions and they are less keen to probe the functioning of the political system in general and are generally silent on other key social and economic.

THE ROLE OF THE CRITICAL READER

Critical linguistics stresses the active role of the critical reader, that isn't passive, but focuses himself to be active. This means that the language of our news media tell us not only about the world in which we live, but much contemporary nature of this. The language of the news is not only a means of indicating to an audience its place in the social order of things and in doing so goes a long way towards shaping our relationship with the contemporary world from national standpoint.

THE LINGUISTIC TURN

The advent of Internet has brought and an increased and amount of the written information onto screens which had been monopolized by image. The term "linguistic turn" is used to describe modern era: it has seen most part of human being ever being

analysed in the time of communication process. This process has seen various disciplines borrowing terms from the language study in order and enable them to better explain themselves.

LANGUAGE AND CLASSIFICATION

News media are directed towards for people and groups of people, the first imperative theme for any news organization is to categorize which people in which events are of interest of their particular audience. The social expectations of the two newspapers are so different that their readers could quite possibly be said to inhabit two different worlds. The puns in the language of the popular tabloid demonstrate a difference of appeal between formal and informal English that reinforced the different cultural references which make up the front page. The history of successful for newspaper independent from the former political influence can be mapped onto the increasing if you want something different and of the newspaper from the middle on 19th century on words. The consequence of these awards that different newspaper evolved which carried a different firms and advertising, appealing to different income groups. The language of the news of these news media is reinforced by advertising which makes a further contribution to the understanding of media audience in terms of social and economic. The categorization of issues which are selected to form the main news agenda of particular newspapers and language which matches that categorization can also be seen in the elite British newspaper the Independent when choosing to highlight on its front page. The language and all that contributes to the "tone" in terms of register and style are all dependent upon an understanding of a relatively stable audience that is articulated in terms of social hierarchy. There may be exceptions in the identities of individual readers but there are few in terms of the structure of the language.

NEWS VALUES

There are always processes of choice and precision in the language selected to represent them to selected audiences. The exploration of this pattern can tell us a great deal about the social and political system of the news media in fact news values already involved a set of categorization about how the world works on which bill is the structure it we might consider the way in which a particular newspaper or broadcast place and give priority to particular stories. This prioritization indicates what the news indicates that would the news considers of our most important for its audience there is more political and economic analyse and more

overseas news in news in the elite and public service broadcasting and the more celebrity music and a scandal in the popular varieties of print and broadcast media. CATEGORIZATION

The first and most obvious ways in which we can observe significant choice at work in the language of the news is in the selection of events and people who are considered worthy of coverage.The language of the elite news media represents politics through the prism of the installation of political representation and fruit extract political which is a process that plants to close politics down to parliamentary debate on the side-line more local and unpredictable involvement in politics.In the elite press tends to be a much more definite split between the reporting of politics commentary on it, and language is a regular a used to extract the weed in the same article were reported and opinion are blurred and underlining and the capital capitalization. However, the reporter is used to complement the anchor's story by lively commentary and uses the wordplay (humour).All news media categorized on the basis of certain well defined categories of news value; the studies like Ruge and Galtung have been analysed this question and they are focused on how these news values can be distinguished as an important part of the linguistic identity and the social coding. This is the most important characteristic of the identity of the news. Britain is the elite nation which determiner the newsworthiness of stories which would by any other criteria be rather uninteresting. With regard to celebrity news, it is often the language of the report as much as its relative prominence where the difference can be seen between elite and popular. Negativity, the old maxim that bad news is good news. The language of the news therefore helps in the processes which frame and classify the events and people who are selected as newsworthy and in what terms they are described. A newspaper such as the Daily Mailhas a traditional and its pages whereas a newspaper such as the Indipendent has been a constant opponent of the war in Iraq.

THE CODING OF POINT OT VIEW AND SOCIAL VALUES

Each newspaper produces its own set of viewpoints which remain fairly constant. This forms part of the marketing strategy to enable the newspaper appeal to a stable community of readers who guess what day it is packed from the chosen medium. The news value highlighted from the opening words as referring specifically to the interests and the readers on the nation and is therefore of the highest priority; the collective

pronoun we draw the readership into an assumed identify of interest with both nation and social perspective which the community is presumed to share.

LEXICAL MAPPING

The nouns play a significant part in reporting the initial classification and structure of news and the direct it towards a clear idea for the audience. You need to be able to locate vocabulary within a broader semantic field, meaning beyond the literal and into the dimension of symbolic association. The newspaper range of the connotation around certain vocabulary so that the readership will understand aspects of the news differently. Puns, a wordplay, can be a significant factor in creative an impression language: they are usually deployed for humorous effect and the aspects of the news which are depicted in such a light can reveal much about how the newspaper approaches particular issues. "Nein, nein nein" (Sun)However, we can make a list to explore the impact lexical within the news media: first we need to acknowledge tact the words form part of a pattern of connections which are important in establishing a news medium's priorities and news values : they are woven into agenda by linkage with political preference, the views of dominant communities. this is called cohesion, that distinguishes audience-directed news from a random set of sentence. (It refers to the ability of extended text to fit into consistent worldview and longer narratives). The lexical cohesion describes how vocabulary forms part of a border set of categories which are important in establishing news values. There are multi-layered feature of news: at the basic level we have the selection in which we can begin to build a picture of the world. After we consider into a broader set of cohesion in terms of narratives and how the structure of language builds its own syntax.

METAPHOR

The metaphor refers to the description of a phenomenon in another term. It is also the most effective way to be bitter, harsh and sarcastic and it helps to make emphasis at the article. Many specialists consider the metaphorical language as acting as bridge between the factual world and the world of ideological persuasion, in face the level of shared assumptions on behalf of an audience involved in the use of metaphor make it highly significant in terms of the belief framework of the news. Politics are often depicted in metaphorical terms in newspaper language in general. This can add to the personalization and emotive emphasis within political reporting which plays down political processes to better concentrate on the less demanding issue of the people involved.

REGISTER

It is refers to the use of a particular type of language, in particular context. Register journalistic standards must be characterized by neutral words nor in family jokingly. In the log can include aspects of language relate to the age group of professional identity also be referred to a formal vocabulary especially in parts of press contractor in popular media reduces the complexity in some stories taking so familiar terms popular credit may also inform relying on the information slang language as the price gets colloquial phrases is not restricted only armoury popular example is the Daily Telegraph the register of the Sun is characterized by "u-turn"(page 42 at the end): strong and simplistic rhetoric, where you take the defenses of the supposed victims.The generation of children has disappointed the system, the system is a popular vision of abstract authoritarian control in which one fits the vision of the world that the popular media often present audience.In the second paragraph of the "Guardian" (page 43) appears drawn from a log informal and professional concerns that the agreement is evident between the register populist / professional, but both papers but both the player.

NARRATIVE

A key element is the narrative rooted within in time and space. This is also linked to social and political contexts that give priority to the narrative.Bal explains that there are different layers in which you can build a narrative in which we can directly apply the narration of the news. First there is the "fabula" material of history placed in chronological or logical.It refers to the classic questions of journalism who? what? how? why? when? Then here comes the story interweaving the story that provides the necessary narrative. Added to these layers choosing cultural associations or preferential narration news emphasizes the elite people and the communities in which they are dominant by versions of every day.

CAMPAIGNS

Newspapers used the campaign from the middle of the nineteenth century as a device to identify their priorities and often to reinforce their claims to being representative of their readers' concerns. The Daily Telegraph has fought a crusade of thought in the letters page in 1860 when there was the problem of the production and the middle class to the Daily Mail has taken a debate reported "Frankenstein food". Another narration signified is that of "political correctness" tries to give a perspective of additional context to the narrative: the newspaper of the city seeks finds a model of this behaviour to be

connected to the theme of the palaces of Islam in British society. But campaigns aren't unique: still they need more crusades particular issue suitable vehicle for the transmission of the news media.

3. ANALYTICAL TOOLS (2)

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter we will move to the vocabulary based on the point of view of language as this is the language of thought takes its meaning from the grammar and syntax files to the news and I will introduce us to evade but the ways in which the use of verbs may give priority to a particular significance on the potential creates.

VERBAL PROCESSES

The structure of a sentence can be expressed: agent, process, affect and circumstance. The Agent is reported is the actor is the protagonist of the judgment that is the subject. The process is expressed by the relation between thought and affection judgments are often complementary in adverbial phrases which shows the place, time and situations expressed by the participants in the sentence subject and affection (verb) are participants judgment of nouns and pronouns in which the process through the verb. Ex: Man (agent) bites (process, verb) dog (affected).The language needs of the variety of the order from the range of meaning in this sense, the variety is also potential alters the meaning of the relationship is already the subject event may be, this means that there are opportunities open to speak and write while putting together sentence.

ACTIONAL AND RELATIONAL VERBS

Syntax and grammar and language encode ideological meanings within the text. Verbs can be classified into categories: actional verbs and relational verbs. Actional verbs are related to activities and relational verbs involve the relationship between the two entities. The verbs which are expressed in action made by agents to 'Affected and are called "transactives", while actional verbs that involve the subject are called "non-transactives".

TRANSATIVE AND NON-TRANSACTIVE

The sentences are non-transactives a sentence that does not specify a subject that performs a particular action. it can be used as a variance to avoid monotony but it is very

important that it is unknown and in fact hide a participant in the history: "trial jury is told of crucial errors in murder investigation". Non-transactives are often obscured sources in history and are a common device in political news stories, "it was revealed last night", "it emerged yesterday".The displacement between the two verbs can show the preferred form of the news agenda feathering policy within the particular newspapers. Balance what is obscured in the verb not-transactives and what is emphasized in the strength of the verb transactives in the editorial of the Daily Mail to the administration Labour in the Tony Blair in particular. Another important example is the title of the sun "Saddam trial soon" is a good illustration of how the title is non-transactive how has the potential to highlight the person and not the details politicians uncomfortable. The non-transactives removes the agency from the trial process and leaves the former ruler of Iraq as the main focal point of the story with all the accumulated negative connotation which has built up around him.

TRANSITIVITY

Language can be swift, efficient and highly constrained in term of conventions but it is this very set of limitation of language. It is never simply. One of the main processes of language and the organization as participants act in the world this organization and therefore an important part of the media narrative about the world as it helps classifying the meaning of events in the world for an audience in which to target socially and national. Transitivity an umbrella as ends, giving the verbal structure and the judgment the sentence transitive active project on the affected transitivity allows options and some processes in which allows choice in this way the media can be significant in these preferences. construction allows the transitive verb angry to be attached without considering the time when anger justified and why these charges were actually "angriely". Instead in the second example a politician's deputy is viewed as the term "surfacing".The key point tries in the transitivity report which confirms that the language provides opportunist which is an option on the other we have assumed a way to tell especially dominant and determinations in a point of view of story.

TRANSITIVITY SHIFTS Headlines function is important in the environment of the media often congested when the reader at a glance watch many titles and its less complete in which it certainly is possible that the title is taken from a story integrates What is also prevalent in the news on television carpet where the title is repeated three or four times.

Therefore, it is important both for the preferential policy and the news of the apple tree and take the audience that prefers to read the story contained within the initial emphasis is the pattern of the title sort of choice that is available where the syntax and semanticswhere the form of the new history of meaning mounted on ideology with both terms institutional political and sociocultural. Transitivity can also work within the parameters and objective facts already given to the history and trajectory differences dependents or less by politics from 'political orientation and social media mediums in question.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

A note on the form of representation of the news that we have the science of building passive or active the active construction that makes the subject of the sentence subject theme. The passive construction point and focus on the participants of the phrase pine nuts out of any part of the text passive constructions can also offer an opportunity frontal area an event out of the presence of the people this is called "Agent deletion". The agent is deleted from the process, with the potential for shifting blame onto depersonalized forces or even the victims themselves...sometimes the Agent can be absent from such sentence. The Agent can be deleted for a various reasons. Passive constructions can be also can have such scientific or academic. In the second sentence" the votes" is abbreviated and personificated to "France" so it is a passive sentence; in the first active instead is a phrase in which the explicit subject.

MODALITY

The modality provides the opportunity for comments and opinions through the verbs and adverbs. in the article are used to give to make complaints, preferences, truth, obligations. is an excellent illustration of the ways language are verbal may, could, should, will -Form negative and positive- and adverbial like probably, and hopefully surely.The way in which modality can be delayed until well into a particular story may have a significant effect on the perspective of a piece. There is also a typographic form a modality in the use of inverted commas not just as a means of condensing a story but as a way of privileging one particular reading of a story from the outset while refusing to be drawn into any definitive comment.

NOMINALITAZION

Nominalization is a linguistic change a transformation in which it is able to describe an entity the round of verbs in nouns. deletes the participants in the process and has a tendency to make complex processes much simpler. News is crammed with nominals. In many ways the abbreviation and the summary are the heart of the journalistic language. dell 'economy of space / time and in relationships within journalism mask the operation pressure of language that makes the economy time died the geology policy and excluded this information is particularly especially true in the news and elitist. The use of nominalization makes abstract reporting, away from the concrete from concrete and real people is the abbreviation. so they can adapt agendas without distractions along individual details that have already been made. It can hide the agents of decisions because the event appears to be spontaneous and self-explanatory. It can also mask the circulators of rumour and the processes which may have let to a particular situation or state of affairs, in fact it presents the world ultimately in terms of "already known" categories and is therefore key to the processes of news media: nominalization may simplify a process.

COMPRESSED NOUN PHRASES

The compression of noun phrases to fit as much information into as small space as possible is one the chief identifying features of newspaper English. This simply places a number of nouns together to create an abbreviated narrative which relies up a great deal of implicit understanding on behalf of the reader- The headline below clearly refers to a doctor who has made a mistake, and we presume that the compression indicates that the story is well known enough among readers of the daily mail to allow for this sort of compression.

DECLARATIVES

Declarative is an explicit form of intervention by the news media: thy can be abrasive, witty and political and can be considered as speech acts and it is nearly always to be found in headlines or in the opening sentence of a news item, and more often in print media. Example: " Revealed: the new scramble for Africa".

4. OVERT AND COVERT PERSUASION: ARUGUMENT AND RHETORIC

INTRODUCTION

This chapter considers the time when the language of persuasion is braided in journalist’s pieces in which the news called as traditional "hard news". This chapter also considers the rule of language in its characteristics and opinions of the opinions pieces specifically in particular environment of newspapers. It is formed by a dynamic two flows information opinion-formation and transmission of which may be generally policies without a report of a political party.

RHETORIC

Rhetoric in the language of the news to the rhetorical style to the feature where the persuasion of the 'audience adopts a particular point of view: the significance of this process in the construction of perspective is considered significant for the process of creating a point of view. The news is presented with the version given by the classification process, the selection and preference editorial. We can observe the strategies used for pleasure from particular points of view sometime in their construction hearing thoughts shared in the count in the community strategies depend exclusively on the rhetoric it appeals to ideals of stories based. The most immediate form of rhetoric is in the conference in history who is the title the words tell a story focused particular attention in the audience are the strategies used to Italico verse underlined bold used within the article text to emphasize the editorial position of the newspaper. The language of the title can be used for a snapshot editorial opinions of the newspaper in which reinforced rhetorical strategies: the times uses this version, the design uses a clean reverse to emphasize at the same time sums up the point of view of the government's reversal to clean emphasize and at the same time sums up the poop his point of view on the proposals.Another rhetorical strategy used is much exaggeration or hyperbole: the "Sun" in the following example of Margaret Thatcher; hyperbole seems to ridicule and criticism of the totalitarian dictatorial rhetorical exaggeration contrast this exaggeration with actual memories and her life, but the readers know.

ARGUMENTATION

The argument essentially the formation of opinion. To study the issue, we must consider the above context, the state of the subject and the positions of speaker and writer, and especially the style used by them to persuade. The subject, within the context is very important information about the type of the newspaper and the political and social preferences. also the context of the argument is central to the politics reflects the consistency of a particular political party and change it, for example, between Labour and the Conservatives of the Sun (short article on p. 78)The arguments are the affirmations to the strategies in which the writer or the speaker use to persuade someone to make good his position. The key mechanism of argumentation news is made to fit the assumption about the way in which the audience and expected from sharing.

EDITORIALS

It is quite obvious that the newspapers express the idea is the opinion editorial are persuasive and they still take a political position and cultural. The opinion is very special article on page 83 of the Sun in which the journalist, with the article "A Vital Duty" takes part of British soldiers, against men iraqueni through rhetorical evices as nouns adjectives pronouns, such as "we are / we have". Important in the following rhetorical use bold when the author addresses the reader through a whole underlined the fundamental question is also the persuasive technique of the last two levels, they also underlined. The article ends with the last two lines, UNDERLINED, that emphasizes experience your fundamental dictated mainly of persuasion technique nothing fundamental and use of the pronoun we do understand that the reference tooth opener key from "Our Boys", which are opposed to men Afghans. This is a clear example editorial position where we can draw an order to understand other aspects of the papers on political opinions.

COLUMNIST – “VIEWSPAPER”

The negative criticism of views papers coined the phrase to describe this trend in which newspapers give an extreme point of view; appears the role of columnist who has an important part to play are also always the highest is paid and creates a profile on the newspaper staff.

OPINION IN HARD NEWS One way to describe opinion into a hard news story is through the use of exaggeration: this is called hyperbole. Of course a politically driver rhetoric could paint that Australia forms part of the West and in many areas of Australian news media is clear that itself much more a global location. The second world of the piece is a modal verb "must” which insist that the only way to avert a confrontation with Iran is prepare for war. The impact of the metaphor "brace" is emphasized when the article starts properly and is replaced by we are ready - emotional confrontation is then the comparison is positive then it is articulated in terms of the relation of the verb should be emphasized, however, the presence of the translations liberals and ends with the return hyperbole and draws a monster family with reader to make emotional, though hardly politically or historically accurate. In the next example we can see a similar range of linguistic strategy which is front page of music as identified with a particular prospective political interests of the newspaper in question and audience which newspaper also assume it's perspective on world politics the definition of what constitutes as fundamental as the political and historical genesis of the position opposed to the weather interests create an impression fundamentals and practical religion and politically conscious area the middle. (article page 89)In the run-up of this application in language was used in news story to confirmed categorization of political figures from party offices by Western interests a different political exile explanation provide examples, how are language within a new story, can be used to present a preferred reading. In the first example there is the word only acted to describe the premier of Canada and it this must be judged against the more moderate report, that the country as mobile. In the second example it uses the metaphor to revise it out of observation of the victory to the concert event is in the canyon and again full with his career more indicative of been impressed by this victory industry, for example with the house and lot of colourful French tip dip deployed to discuss to the politics of a move to the causes and incapacity benefit (article page 91). Another way to put the plan aspects of political perspective within the news hard and friends outside is a vote and aspects of the history of your comment is begging developed in the history of the 'interview’.

BROADCAST NEWS

News broadcast had to adhere to in the state were considered to be moving in the direction that policy considerable assents about broadcasters and the public as the controversy on Fox TV in the invasion of Iraq in 2003, the language but it can be cleaned participant political positions but they tend to be the same time as political conservatives

in recent economic cohesion in recent years political ethics political reporters, especially designed in perspective of persuasion; the news has changed compared to that of the commentator opinion changes in the news broadcast especially to those who wonder is the point of view for the news what corresponds to ask relatively open mind.

5. SOCIAL SEMIOTIC AND IDEOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

This chapter will look to semiotics as a language takes its meaning in the system of dreams the social structure of the meaning extremely productive to understand how language newspaper generates a larger view.Semiology was defined in 1916 as a science who coined the words the American Academy scientific and especially refers to the thing with me or else you are not similar and investigation of the processes of semiotic meaning of signs are standing for something else if our purpose, words as if they are standing to object concept and what it means that the choice of language more is very important communication in any case always works within social constructs and conventional.

SEMIOLOGY

Semiology was defined in 1916 as a science well shut up the words the American Academy scientific and especially refers to the thing with me or else you are not similar and investigation of the processes of semiotic meaning Hyseni are standing for something else if our purpose, words as if they are standing to object concept and what it means that the choice of language more Samo is very important communication in any case always works within social constructs and conventional. There are four binary oppositions in which help us to understand how language is created by contrasts and complements the Interior of the communication; these can be represented as: structure / speech, synchrony / diachrony, pragmatic / syntactic and denotation / connotation.First semiotics you explore the difference between the system underground organization of signs in which it acts grammar structure called speech secondly there is a difference between the analysis and the meaning momentary analysis of the meaning cross: this is said synchrony and diachrony; the third paradigm analyses the difference between pragmatic and syntactic.The syntactic derives from the term which means sorting and the branch of linguistics that studies different ways in which the words are combined together to form a proposition and various ways in which the propositions are connected to form a period. Instead the pragmatic analyses the relationships between signs and speaking of the meaning of the expressions used in a context.

Finally, it is crucial to have the difference between denotation and connotation denotation is a term of the language that distinguishes the primary meaning of a word than water record full of pathos shop single word denotation is the first definition in a dictionary that will give the connotation instead indicates the hidden meaning of a word that is metaphorical.The syntagms are very indicative to identify a particular News Media: advertising campaigns, in political alliances, the tone in which they are used in particular in particular the newspapers or in the transmission of new institutions.

SOCIAL SEMIOTIC

Is very argued that semiotics downplays the overall activity and text. The meaning in language is negotiated in different ways between the uses of the system, and social contexts, this is why it is important the views language as a system of social and ideological significance.The linguist Halliday often refers to accounts of the contemporary language of the media this develops because the application of ideas where there are implications for social policies. He also has a particular focus on the change in how the social language means fire as this centralized form of linguistic analysis has been defined social semiotics. The social semiotic stresses the meaning in language that negotiated the use of the system is from its social context emphasizes that this approach is the meaning of language is socially constructed.This approach focuses on the significance of the language is developed in interaction between producer and audience. It is not easy to implement a sign language in a version of semiotics: the section semiosis is the process in which the language is expressed by an ideology from the manufacturer. The language can be described as social semiotic from the encoding / decoding of significance is the structure in which the base of the phrases and social identifications. I agree with the linguist Halliday, grammar is related to social needs and personal language that fulfils.In order is realized through the functions of language ideational, interpersonal and textual. The function is ideational corresponds to the way in which the language of the structure of the experience as it is to the world as is our reality; function demonstrates how language creates interpersonal relations and identity including also political ideologies represented by reporter, producer and audience. The textual function responds to how the language is given by the consistency in the report within the text function text and how it develops in the way the story depending on your point of view even more social and cultural rights; is very important to remember that language acts on this three functions simultaneously social and functional.

IDEOLOGY / NOT IDEOLOGY, SEMIOTICS AND AUDIENCE

Ideology is the highest controversial term and the process which it refers to are even more controversial than the term itself. Historically this term lies in the late eighteenth century. The significance of ideology is used to define words guided by political ideas that put pressure on the population by the establishment in which they live. The ideology has become subtitle is an integral part of everyday defined the world we live in ideology can be used as a sophisticated analysis to explore how power is represented by the mediation of everyday semiotics encourages us to see the linguistic signs and how they are used. This means that dreams can be developed in a flexible work within political and cultural contexts and in our media in this sense semiotics emphasizes the significance that can give within the context of the significance of the community of language.The deepening of where semiotics brings critical reader may assist in a process of analysis that how ideology operates within the language, developed in particular in this social group, including the media, but only if they understand to find the maturity of the language of the community. if we look at the book new labour new language? We see how the design of the word "new" was negotiated ideologically linguistically at that time in an excellent illustration of how the policy language act this is critical semiotics is useful in exploring why these precise and is naturalized; the language of the meaning of this perspective is a complex combination of institutions and powerful media in the media, because deeply steeped in ideology.The ideological criticism focuses on whether values contextual and political nature; it allows the critical reader to witness and to deconstruct belief of opinion using ideology as a critical analysis of the critical reader can deploy a practice conscientious independent of traditional criticism.However, we can consider the ideology the interior of New Media as various definitions: - production process of meaning of values and patterns in social life;-as the body of ideas of characteristics of a particular group or social class;-like ideas that help to dominate with political powers;-a sort of communication system a process whereby social life converts the natural reality.Fundamental is the headlines in the newspaper article. The title is the ideology that shines behind the article. "Our boys" is the 'shining example to mean this; they are referred to the British soldiers, who obviously do understand a particular political ideology that the audience palpable. The securities also have a very important function in the television but also online news radio Eni patriotism implicit is the basis of articles of thought of identification such as the titles of the Daily Express also the voice with which the titles are read is fundamental but all this, the audience knows it.

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Discussion between ideology within semiotics language mail distribution area say these aspects of meaning, opinion and politics go together in the power of language. Knowledge refers to the speech the word speech is widely used for a long period used to refer in a linear extract that text islands in food refers then to individual study the words of sentences if there was the term in the literature opens debate, particularly within the speakers.For various purposes the news media, the speech can explore and explain how the system of knowledge may be possible through language and through all communicative actions, and how they are in the system. The question is to ask how the speech is dominant or whether it challenges the power restructures this is particularly important in considering the language of news that includes precise vocabulary precise terms the speech can be demonstrated on how the language of the media builds a knowledge and how it is all 'inside in terms of social, cultural and political speech through discourse analysis as a form of rhetorical figures. The discourse analysis can help the critical reader in the graph in which the relationships between public and private are social groups. The critical interpretation of the cognitive process allows us to share among the various representations of which are represented semiotics and ideology.

6. GENDER

LANGUAGE AND GENDER

Someone says that the news media are to gender neutral representing objective world as it is. others argue that some imbalance in the narrative action of the news reports by women is simply a function of the imbalance of the social world and that journalism does not seek to make changes in these imbalances. Other commentators argue suspicion must be that simply being a feminist and see their perspective evening woman is natural or objective. However, we can give three prospects rules of language in the presentation of journalism in general, first of all when you see the language as a creation of sexism. Rebecca West in 1913 gave his opinion saying that she has never been able to say what feminism and peoples called as the females express feelings.In America in the 1930s anthropologists have developed a hypothesis that language determines that we are the world we live in different world language difference. Subsequently there was a position in 1980 Spender who proposed a rule by man that language can also fundamental to model their order and maintain social and cultural control, so women then she argues that we communicate a thought made by the language male. Second, there is a second vision oriented vision that language is not due if the site but make and behaviour regardless of the language, this approach considers the language part of the process in which naturalism divisions if there exists within the company. The third view is that language is not important for the operation is in society on fact stated that many pressures have resulted in the advancement of men and marked detrimental effects in society for women. This thought is so strong that feminists, considered antiquated irrelevant past is a quality of women. Often this involves being a vision that considers the term "post-feminism".The context is often the language of the magazine is small return to essentialism old rule of man and woman. That many areas of news, important part to play in both the social cultural, change in the behaviour of men and women. the new essentialism of language had deeply inside of journalism: the key feature Daily Mail will be presented the best-selling done by a woman identifying the item as "lesbian" but above all to have shaken are the "feminist movement" and "the militant feminist movement "(article page 123).

The third vision tends to trivialize the problem of the relationship between language and gender. Usually, the best way to build a prospect undertake to consider this perspective within the language of the news and stop and think about how this language adapts to the issue between gender society. There are many good examples of how women journalists change the practices of the dominant news media both criteria for language of journalism and their patriarchal dictated by the pre-eminence of the traditional in areas dominated by men in their work. If we observe pattern is discrimination women language, then we can consider that it is not descriptive but also a manifestation of the language makes strength in the representation of women in the news, and so it can resistance.

NEWS AD ANDROCENTRIC DISCOURSE

If we observe pattern is discrimination women language, then we can consider that it is not descriptive but also a manifestation of the language makes strength in the representation of women in the news, and so it can last as social actors. Became news in the room elitist co news that fit inside traditional ADSL women are to the fore as regards fertility (page 126).Accusations of female stereotypes the contemporary news media reinforce the corner centrism around journalism women journalists has increased the number of the days of the State Film Penny press, but the increase of women journalists nevertheless it was still a "Velvet -ghetto”, is and has been amplified by dell 'inclusion of new newspapers. Women are also put much in evidence on television especially as readers of news in the news.The elitist press is not immune to this signaling humorous stories of women, especially when we refer to the prospect of Tuchman and how of how women are marginalized, in the past. From these changes, when the story in which the title humorous about a topic from the world, poissono move various plots, as in this article (page 130 -> Opera world splits...).

THE PATTERN OF DISCRIMINATION

If we observe pattern is discrimination women language, then we can consider that it is not descriptive but also a manifestation of the language makes strength in the representation of women in the news, and so it can last. Accusations of female stereotypes the contemporary news media reinforce the corner centrism around journalism women journalists has increased the number of the days of the State Film Penny press, but the increase of women journalists nevertheless it was still a "Velvet -ghetto”, is and has been amplified by dell 'inclusion of new newspapers. Women are also put much in evidence on television especially as readers of news in the news.

As well as the vocabulary of the lexical representation of women we can also look at the way in which it can be observed a cultural thing means that we can learn to look at the way in which verbs: in fact, the popular tabloid can be formed by a discriminatory language representations of women acting as a print quality that is not free from criticism. However, there are moments in which the style of newspapers such as Daily Mail can be developed when Mark Oaten guide the morality of the middle class through marriage with pragmatic relevance: affair is a storyeith relevance for "all women" and places in whichthe 'traditional appearance of women is focus of stability of marriages in particular the responsibility of children.

WOMEN JOURNALISTS

We have considered the way in which language is represented by women in the news and we can complete this quest research looking at the way in which women are busy and we can somehow raise flag: what range of styles are available to women and their writers what Increasing presence in the news media to alter the shape of contemporary news? When do women presents broadcast news? what do they report? How do they look? Are they merely used to telegenic opportunity to present traditional androcentric news? article into specific reporting functions?

7. NEWS, NARRATIVE AND THE NATION

NARRATIVE

The narrative is an essential part of how our news media: select formations and structural information. This chapter will explore the work face to narrative conventions that are specific to the news media and the cultural language. In the process the narrative is the key values of the community it means that the political narratives in which the narratives that can be kept and preserved radicals within the confines of institutional and generic, including the form of storytelling and vocabulary of nations. The narratives work as well as the narrower the difference between the event potential, paradoxical contradictory, inconsistent in the order established in the operational closure of the target audience. The narration says White is the transformation of knowledge into the story our news media. They consist in telling stories not owners adapt to models in which the various routes of the events told. This chapter also there will be the implication and the observation of the terms of social power and the language of news whose whose stories are told in which terms are linked through their shared interests.The first point of view that considers the member of perspective and develops the second is based on how the stranger represented inside the audience the stories have meaning when they are located in the cultural memory and how they relate also refer to particular examples of the narrative is a universal social phenomenon that consists in 'cross Stories in all parts of the world we need to understand the history within the human experience. The narrative is a universal social phenomenon in which intersect stories around the world often linked to the relationship between power and language given by the company. Its characterization and its vocabulary can act both in word order in fever entitled to dominate the relationship between power and assessments. this is implicitly referred to the banality, "the sides of a story." which implies that the narrative interpretation begs asking to audience to get into it.Looking at the narrative in general prospects linguistic net we observe a similarity with a depth of generative grammar of Chomsky. Chomsky claims to have shown that humans in whatever language they speak a planned integration generally in a set of rules that make it possible to make sense then native

language and language learned. This because all languages are from here from this point of view and share the deep grammar that applies to all languages. White also asked provocative "we can be without the moralizing narrative?" if you apply this in the language of the news the nativity could expand a section in between sets of news and this process tells about Amway as a moral value is especially in society as a VIA intrinsic of new values and new story and new stories.

NATION, NARRATIVE AND NEWS

Both melodrama and other stories are successful because they build conventional expectations belonging to a range of common interests the readers identify with the protagonists of the stories. The human interest to influence the narrative does not concern the interest of micro narratives human, but one that goes stronger macro- narrative. Nations development news was definitely different from the Western European press of the fifteenth century.The formation of the nation knows that at this time it is also developing interesting stories: The Nation cultures as political identification has become a global phenomenon developed practically all over the world. It is a phenomenon that creates harmony among the people, but also social cohesion phenomena. It becomes impossible to imagine a modern policy without the existence of the State-nation that has two sides: on the one hand side is composed of the national anthems and the other is characterized by hatred for foreigners of the community. is the knowledge that their nation is superior to the other the establishment of narratives of the nation that generates the radical social change.

NARRATIVE CONVENTION OF THE NEWS

News media narrate particular forms of international in their structure and style structurally the News National tends to put national issues ahead of other countries what to process and referred to the "new apartheid" Billing is a process in which pressure and international news that can be selected far from the national news or marginalize this Convention which depends from the need of national priorities and of industry in which there is no need to spend to people who eat with news as predominant. The Nation as provides a bridge between the private experience without public acts as a form of security and stability and instability in the changing world.in terms of the narrative of the news, this means that the overall dominant hymn provides a model that employees are who are represented by a narrative of these features is the set predominant preference accorded the power of the news everyday to national news in terms of storytelling news values as the stories are valued much more interesting than

other stories of national character such as in the extract of page 151, where there are English, French, Iraqis in battle. Despite the emotional appeal of the nation's surrender as a family narrative within the news there is also an explanation of the business based on the priority of national as consumers of news, who have used this news cultural and political norms of the Nations of associated with reports of greater success, such as the economic news or business.There are vast political implications in which the study of the time in the news narrative structures they offer solutions that work in the strengthening of social and political systems. Examples are those supported on page 154 155 in which the news is never complex of meaning and its function is to reduce the potential complexity of the world by the erosion of multiple meanings, confused and full of errors of meaning. The audience is addressed under the assumption that it is localized within the common range of feelings and of national belonging. It is free to give interpretations of pears in the following excerpt there is a reason to request made by made from crosses generational lines of understanding national pride.Meaningfulness is also defined as the intent to give off different expectations to the news media effects, economic and social factors are important cultural and exert a key part in the story meaningfulness.

CONSONANCE AND ELITE NATIONS

In a few words can be defined as consonance come stories that fit with the media's expectations receive more coverage than those that defy them and for which they are thus unprepared. However, consonance really refers to the media's readiness to report an item.Consonance detected interest in national narratives in the heart of newsworthiness, riferendodi into practice the concept of predictability within the national context some stories become news because they fit the particular aspects of that year, so eventually the media will draw tips very special events at the national audience. It is very astute as economic strategy because it combines high possess resources management. Newspapers can donate these same feelings popular and huddle inside of complaints that represent the feelings of the nation as the articles on page 158 there understand how verbs actional, like "launches", "teamed up"," urgin”, put pressure with the terms apparently trivial aim of saving the bones of the whale that drowned Thames to be displayed. is portrayed as saving the bones for the nations. (Sun)Elite nation for Australia are clearly outline selection which regular e highlights of the geographically and economic importance of countries such as you want like Japan Malaysia Indonesia and Australia national needs trust at the other end of the spectrum.

We have nation which are considered too low in the sector of reference as to be grouped into continental continental art soup contain mantle lamps such as Africa suicide in Africa or so-called Eastern European. Nations elite can be inconsistent with the specific nations where as important for historical reasons then take form negative mind specifications newsworthiness. These nations the British term for example Germany Argentina because because they have conditions of military sports rivalry exclude Iran because it is full of problems Elite individuals are quite clear to map onto Particular national explanation for the audience.

NON-ELITE NATIONS

Another way is to consider the nations elite units like the narrative of the news to write you have to follow the simple steps: we must always treat Africa as a single country grandmother should not get lost in various precise descriptions not detailed: Africa has 54 countries with hungred 9 million people, who will read the book take a sad tone to establish a liberalism impeccabile. Adottare a tone very sad and almost compassionate. It Is very rich pitied, is finally eliminated pitied must include Africa hungry which is an important part of Africa.

SPORTING EXAMPLE

Obviously national identity is very highlighted during sports competitions. And of course there are the rhetorical strategies but also the stereotypes of opposing teams. For example, describing the title for "England and St George" in Lisbon against a reference is made to the patron English and the illusion of Shakespeare and his Henry V. but never missing entries wars monde World War or even to the second. Another symbol word used in newspapers is "flag" allegory of victory like (example on page 166 167). NATION UNDER THREAT

An aspect of the nation is embodied in the nation under threat of enemy designs of the nation in the Community section explores the silk the hospital was reported by the removal of Bibles from hospital to other departments. guilty? ethnic minorities. the selection of a possessory as newsworthiness tells new values and obviously not a not only a momentum hyperbolic rhetoric.The second extract, however, shows that it is not just that they are not alone and traditions and beliefs of the nation in which they can be claimed to be under threat and the extract below uses terms such as gaps or holes in their borders, leaving wide open. Threatened by the nations are divided not only in cultural terms but also in economic

terms but especially traditionalist conservative politicians. In the following example we can see how the subject column swivel is particularly important for policy and the populations of the European Union, to which the terms were reported government coffers acting as his summaries negative directives of the European Union.

8. NARRATIVES OF EXCLUSION

CLASSIFICATION OF OUTSIDERS

Only influence legislation can strengthen the feelings that belong to the community and which may also contribute symmetrically to the exclusion of certain characters from the traditional. This part is important in the function of the newspapers in the construction of the now under the community without them there would be the news has a powerful influence in shaping social expectations. An important is given by the stranger who is not a direct relationship with the facts but in a metaphorical in a cluster of words used by groups generally described this belongs to the area of the switching in this area examined the value needs wrapped himself in a realm of metaphors. The second way of discursive exclusion exclusion from the wide range from traditional concerns linguistic elements that communication strategies, rhetoric and variations strategic narrative.Before language specific news, history is determined the classification of the group Romeo provides an interesting analysis with positive and negative aspects, within the nation. there will be the rivalry between various points of view of the regions or from the cities. tonight is the best characterization of negativity is like as provincialism. Nationalism and patriotism are often used to express attachment in particular countries and implies hostility to national regional or ethnic groups are both irrational not based on any intellectuality which empties into chauvinism.The chauvinism and indicates a particular especially when the population allows attachments feelings home in a community usually in a nation to become infused with a sense of superiority of a community and responding negatively to a foreign community some claim that nationalism patriotism. Have potential for chauvinism within their facilities patriotism is a flaw: it recognizes that man is not equal.Racism takes irrational divisions do highlight a difference of ethnic religious groups traditional rules among the media to represent the experiences of every day, but fortunately examples of racism are rare but do exist. A recent complaint by metro police of how the media are guilty of institutional racism having a furious backlash in the media but not just because all this also causes

xenophobia or fear of the alien anti-Semitism has a longer history and specification of racism in the European continent than the American inherent in the holocaust of the years 1930 1940 but another example can be embodied by Islamophobia. The tendency to see other peoples as inferior was manifest especially in the fifteenth century of colonial land European power.AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST

Then many studies have focused in how the media represents the area of politically and geographically. The Middle East is in Africa is particularly interested in this she is considered the language of African American newspapers to track dominant metaphors of "darkness”, “savagery", "corruption".The conclusion of her work are reinforced by many correspondents as a journalist Ryle, who says the African continent may seem like a nightmare but this is incomprehensible because "Westerners do not understand the policy and can not speak the language" and illustrate particularly significant things like newspapers contribute to the debate in critical terms. We still need to be Able to analyse the conflict if reported in this question where race or ethnicity become the news we can look at the structure of your content is the typical indoor social actors and the most important spokesman representatives who call for to show groups minority style and the stories of ideologies within them written "scripts”, that are crucial ideological perspective on News Media.

METAPHOR, STRATEGIES OF ARGUMENTATION, INSIDERS AS OUTSIDERS

As we saw the metaphor can be a bridge between symbolic representation is the real world in which flogestina particular contact models lexical has been established at the time allows you to position the commissioner about advertising ola minority religion within expectation policy. Individual words and phrases that fit narrative examples of the audience within particular national contexts these narratives of inclusion and exclusion include script in which the preparation of the audience relates about these representations as hostile to a particular community build vocabulary a foreigner can certainly see how the language is amplified by these scripts. in the following excerpt the author plays with the word "asylum" assumption of insanity of government that seems to play with the same players.There are many ways in which foreigners can be marked in a manner similar to other excluding religion ethnicity skin colour. What care I can interesting example linguistic despite the different purpose of different target class work is represented by a string of political and economic status quo that does not mean that the representation of the

working classes are necessarily positive or negative can be the last building media work: the "Chav". The newspaper is providing a portrait of a "chav". The word is not used anywhere but in the securities and is not attributed some information in the story it seems that it is a category of newspapers for the Suspected killer and phrases such as: "the drug user lots of swearing ..." (page 188).

9. DEBATES ON LANGUAGE IN THE NEWS

POLITICAL CORRECTNESS

Journalists are much to engage in spirited debates in the language of news. The key to this debate may be the rule or order that the function of language is certainly not passive. In this chapter in concert from the graph of the additional term English and North American press and the highest differences in this approach among journalists between the various regulations.Political correctness has emerged from the traditionalists and the Conservatives as the crystallization of liberal and progressive attitude and social policies after the twentieth century. These critics see the dangers of cultural and political use of language and it is important to remember that who is the instinctive response in our media makes perceptive in political correctness and language has had a long gestation period. Before political correctness, there were fears That politicians would use the use of discriminatory language.From the 1970s universities and schools tried to designate lists of readers that reflected a balance between white ethnics; political parties various countries tried to create jobs and codes of language in which they were embedded in the critical respect of the culture of the differences by the newspaper from the face daily. Since 1970 he also sought to reshape the university draw the curriculum of the University campus trying to draw critical comments related to freedom of speech.There were a series of beats social reflect on how the linguistic expression the wide range of discussion was around language issues visas to confirm reiterate form of observations wide wide orange baffles who took interest in the languages of the power of language and social power in this debate who were politicians and philosophers, including Foucault of Fish and Bhakti. Foucault saw language as how to maintain the political structures of social power in the world; Bhakti saw in the language the way fights conducted for the meaning of particular words were created for the meaning of these words themselves. Fish instead reflected the impossibility of free speech because impossible; he focuses on the racial abuse necessary for development and tolerance and respect of society.

Since 1993, the debate was challenged hey left liberals identify the traditional strategy of identification of the figure of the black man, to focus the minds of these homogeneous minded critics. These include Richard Gott in “The Guardians" use the opportunity to make contribution to the wider usefulness of the term as a watchword of traditionalists when he paradox of the heart of the political question of political correctness in their ability to mobilize the antagonism is have injury around the phenomenon. But we can also talk about political correctness news media. Drawing a variety of newspapers, political correctness can be used in a signal contextual putting a story in terms of accumulation of history as if they were a confirmation of both active in society by strengthening the combination of reader mail the newspaper for radical changes of language. In this sense the phrase "political correctness" acts with text simplistic reduction activities of the debate makes it clearly makes clear the deal with its fundamental issues.Use of this term in the newspaper can reduce complexity implying that the root that all differences and social issues can complicate reduce allegedly political motivations of small minority seem to discredit the newspapers by the associations this political effect is the smokescreen. On other occasions there have been discussions that have defined the political correctness as crazy as it seems to be a phrase absolutely meaningless without motivation is illusory page 198 Daniel Finkelstein defines precisely the "political correctness gone mad" because it is in a context of opposition between guests organizations that are normally alignedDefines it as not appropriate because it is crazy pleasure subsequent examples reference paradoxically to still a further demonstration of social power that resides in the language it acts only income and materially.

VERBAL HYGIENE AND REFLECTIONS ON LANGUAGE AND JOURNALISM IN THE PRESS

Another interesting aspect and the use of the Deborah Cameron "verbal hygiene" to explain how a tolerant society we use you should look to use the language while you respect others and try trying to minimize any offense that any offense that is unthinkable in the use of the words of the little 'power of words also says it is the verbal hygiene is similar to when we wash our hands is not making the most contagious aiming so I have a perfect language. She also insists that it is the change of language is not a simple way, where equal social and political exchanges but should and could lead to enhanced awareness of the political and social problems and Political facilitating change.Also journalists when they realized this debate on language, began to reflect on their commercialize. All this, sometimes, can recognize themselves in a broader linguistic

debate so much fun as the title of the Guardian "New war of words of allegations of Montgomery " Like God, the semantics sport move mysteriously way".

POSITIVE ENGAGEMENT WITH LINGUISTIC DEBATE

In other circumstances journalists can take this process of comments on the language by using it in the next step. Subsequently they can engage in political discussion of the implications and use the language of contemporary media in any way you can can score a version of the Popular language criticism in that year potential listeners.In this debate the academics can both use the pages of newspapers to put points on a coverage of war and can either use the pages of newspapers to take stock of the situation about the political language in the circumstance of war. For example, the piece "our brave boys, their lunatics" demonstrates how the headline on wars is either consciously travel on two different tracks. Charlotte Raven in her song "One Night, two standard", looks specifically at how the language used has differed in the media with particular regard. The creation of stereotypes of behaviour between men and women and the social attitudes of women provides a lucid analysis especially for television programs; using a column of newspapers associated with the broader discussion of series negative media. You can analyse the commitment of the journalist with a language artery in his debate goes to a humorous outlook weapons uses language for comic uses devices comedians like reversal. Other figures of speech such as irony and hyperbole are very used.

IRONY

There may be many but many definitions of irony simply mean something with more meaning. One of the problems associated with the irony is the playfulness of this figure of speech because many times it can not happen.This figure of speech is used not only in literature but also in music, film, theatre, anywhere. There are various types of irony it is the dramatic irony, where the characters are the comments that involve the audience in the reflection group situation and can be used to describe a pickpocket who steals another meaning, irony and pure bone of previous situations of irony. Both, the irony of events and irony are used in cartoons in the pages of the newspapers in fact it is the form that occurs. Irony allows you to write to the writer to be able to write something that he does not believe that the reader can identify within the text can also be identified in a situation that the author in which the author hopes.

But as the irony fits within the development of contemporary journalism it needs to decline in newspaper that provides news latest news aunt giving technological coupons internet crash this trend by providing opinions and comments to the news being so is a way of life ironic comment current can provide a critical and provides a comment heavy at the news. This is actually a tradition of irony: in the seventeenth century Crouch presented a final version of the events of the civil war in 1700 century later used by you for Swift to represent comments to contemporary colonization. You can use this occasion the imagination because it produces the irony of the situation during three centuries was widely used because the authors.

GENRE, PARODY AND INTERTEXTUALITY

The news is comprised of many genres. these genres are examples styles and structures that help us understand the special meaning and writing strategies. In journalism kinds can be used to describe the conventions hard news, soft news, celebrity news, sports news, but also news commentary and editorials.These forms of gender are a former social encounters between writers and the institutions and the public Miller is the genre within the culture argument, when it is understood as a participant in the action of the community the general functions localized in the system examples and cultural. Parody can be called a sexual strategy is borrowed echoing criticism for purposes of taking a few examples of the news reported in the examples and use them in humorous effect; but can also form a commentary commentator in a state of journalism that gives truth.As regards intertextuality is much more obvious and direct, and is attributed to listing within a text off. The new history so within the text report in which they combined a particular form of presentable packages this is called externally and intertextuality with elements that come from outside the medium. Intertextuality includes internal problems editorial decisions of institutions, conventions, layout and so on; intertextuality outside can also be called under a wider knowledge of the media and historical relations awareness inside knowledge.