Citatation:

1 Ray F Smith, J Lawrence Apple, Dale G Bottrell. 1976. The origins of integrated pest management concepts for agricultural crops. Pages 1-16. In: J Lawrence Apple, Ray F Smith (editors). Integrated Pest Management. Plenum Press, New York, 200 pages.

Keywords: history and development of the IPM concept, evolution of pest control practices, early advocates of an ecological approach to pest control, early pest management for the cotton boll weevil,

shift to dependence on chemicals and to a lesser extent on resistant varieties, initial impact of organic pesticides, return to ecological approaches in pest control, the modern integrated pest management approach