ACTIVITY-1(Appearance-lustrous)CHAPTER 4 : SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS

Aim- To check the properties of metal (lustrous).

Materials required- cardboard, paper, copper wire, iron nails, aluminium sheets, zinc granules.

Procedure-

1) Cut each material into two pieces.2) Look at the freshly cut surface of these materials.

Observation-

Material Shiny/not shiny 1) paper Not shiny 2) cardboard Not shiny3) copper wire Shiny4) iron nails Shiny5) aluminium sheets Shiny6) zinc granules Shiny

Conclusion-we find that metals are shiny. This property of metals is known as luster.

CLASS VI

ACTIVITY-2(soluble/non soluble)

CHAPTER 4: SORTING MATERIALS INTO GROUPS

Aim-To understand the following substances are soluble/insoluble in water.

Materials required- sugar, salt, chalk powder, sand, sawdest,5 glass beakers

Procedure-

1) Take five glasses with about 2/3 filled water.2) Add a small amount of sugar to the first glass, salt to the second and

similarly add small amounts of the other substances into the other glasses.

3) Stir the contents of each of them with a spoon.4) Wait for few minutes.

Observation- we will notice that some substances have completely disappeared or dissolved in water. We say that these substances are soluble in water. Other substances do not mix with water and do not disappear, these substances are insoluble in water.

ACTIVITY- 3(sedimentation and

decantation)CHAPTER 5: SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

Aim- To separate the mixture of sand and water.

Materials required- A beaker ,water ,sand.

Procedure-

1)Fill 3/4th of a glass beaker with water.

2)add sand to the beaker containing water.

3) leave the mixture still for half hour.

4) now slightly tilt the glass such that only the water falls down

from the glass beaker.

Observation-After half an hour, the sand settles down. Transfer the liquid in to another beaker without disturbance .The process is called decantation.

ACTIVITY: 4 FILTRATION

CHAPTER 5: SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

Aim:To separate muddy water from a pond.

Materials required:Muddy water, Beakers, A Funnel, Funnel stand, Filter paper

Procedure:1 Collect muddy water.

2. Take a filter paper & fold it in the form a cone as shown in the figure. The mixture is poured on the filter paper .The mud remains on the filter paper.

Observation: mud and water are separated from the mixture. Filtrate is more clearer.

ACTIVITY -5: PREPARATION OF SATURATED SOLUTION

CHAPTER 5: SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

AIM: To check whether the solution became saturated.

MATERIALS REQUIRED- Beaker, a spoon, salt and water.

PROCEDURE – 1) Pour half a cup of water in the beaker.

2) Add one teaspoon full of water and stir it well, until salt dissolves completely.

3)Again add a teaspoon full of water and stir it well.

OBSERVATION- We will find that some salt remains undissolved and settles at the bottom of beaker .We can say that this solution is now saturated.

ACTIVITY-1CHAPTER 5: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

Aim- To check the effect of the following solution with litmus paper.

Materials required- test tube, soap solution, tap water, detergent solution, shampoo, common salt solution, sugar solution, vinegar, baking soda solution, milk of magnesia, lime water.

Procedure-

1) Mix some water with lemon juice in a test tube.2) Put a drop of this solution on litmus papers.3) Repeat the same exercise with the other samples.

Conclusion-

S. No. Test solution Effect of red litmus paper

Effect of blue litmus paper

Inference

1. tap water no effect no effect Neutral2. Detergent

solutionTurns blue no effect Basic in

nature3. Soap

solutionTurns blue no effect Basic in

nature4. Shampoo Turns blue no effect Basic in

nature5. Common

salt solutionNo effect no effect Neutral

6. Sugar No effect no effect Neutral

CLASS VII

solution7. Vinegar no effect turns red Acidic in

nature8. Baking soda

solution Turns blue no effect Basic in

nature9. Milk of

magnesiaTurns blue no effect Basic in

nature10. Lime water Turns blue no effect Basic in

nature

ACTIVITY-2(NEUTRILISATION)

CHAPTER 5: ACIDS, BASES & SALTS

Aim- To show an experiment of neutralization.

Materials required-Dilute hydrochloric acid, NaOH, test tube, phenolphthalein.

Procedure-

1) Fill one fourth of test tube with Hcl.2) Add two- three drops of phenolphthalein to it.3) Add a drop of NaOH to it.4) Stir it well.5) Again add some HCl.

Observation- we observe that when we add phenolphthalein to HCl it remains colourless but after we add NaOH solution turns pink. Salt is formed with the presence of water.

Conclusion-

I. As we add phenolphthalein solution to an acid it remains colourless.

II. When it is added to a basic solution it turns pink.

III.When an acid and a base react with each other there is a salt and water formed, which is called neutralization reaction.

ACTIVITY-3(Chemical reaction)

CHAPTER 6: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Aim- To observe a chemical reation.

Materials required- A beaker, H2SO4, CuSO4 crystals, iron blade/ iron nail.

Procedure-

1)Make the copper sulphate solution by adding a teaspoon full of copper sulphate crystals to a three fourth beaker full of water.

2) Put the iron nail/blade in the copper sulphate solution.

Observation- we observe that the blue colour of copper sulphate solution changes to green.

Conclusion- iron from the nail (high reactive metal) displaces copper(low reactive metal) from its salt solution. Hence a new substance is formed.

ACTIVITY-4(Burning of magnesium ribbon)

CHAPTER 6: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Aim-To observe a chemical reaction.

Materials required- magnesium ribbon, sand paper, burner.

Procedure- Burn the magnesium ribbon using burner.

Observation- we observe that the strip of magnesium ribbon burns with a dazzling white light and a new white powder substance is formed.

Conclusion- while burning magnesium ribbon magnesium oxide is formed.Hence a new substance is formed.

ACTIVITY-5(CRYSTALLISATION)

CHAPTER 6: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES

Aim-To show experiment of crystallization.

Materials required- dilute sulphuric acid, cup full of water, CuSO4 powder.

Procedure-

1)Heat the water which contains few drops of H2So4.

2)When it starts boiling, add copper sulphate powder to it till it stops dissolving.

3)Add some more copper sulphate powder to it. Leave it for some time.

4)Filter the solution.

Observation-we find that the crystals of copper sulphate are formed as residue.

Conclusion-large crystals of pure substances can be formed from their solution.

ACTIVITY 1

CHAPTER 4: METALS AND NON METALS

AIM- To find metals oxide are basic in nature.

MATERIALS REQUIRED- A spoonful of rust, water, a suspension, blue and red litmus paper.

PROCEDURE- 1) take spoonful of rust and dissolve it in very little amount of water.

2)shake the suspension well.

3)test the solution with red and blue litmus paper.

OBSERVATION- we will observe that the red litmus paper turns blue. So, oxide of magnesium is also basic in nature.

CONCLUSION- Metallic oxides are basic in nature.

ACTIVITY – 2 CHAPTER 4: METALS AND NON METALS

AIM-To find the oxides of non metals are acidic in nature.

MATERIALS REQUIRED- Powdered sulphur, deflagrating spoon , A gas jar, water .

PROCEDURE – 1)Take a small amount of powdered sulphur in a deflagrating spoon and heat it .

2)when sulphur starts burning , keep the spoon in the gas jar.

3)Cover the jar with a lid.

4)Remove the spoon after some time and add a small quantity of water. Shake the jar well, check the solution with red and blue litmus paper.

OBSERVATION-We will observe that sulphur dioxide gas is formed in this reaction .The sulphurous acid turns blue litmus paper red.

CONCLUSION- Oxides of non metals are acidic in nature.

ACTIVITY-3(DISPLACEMENT REACTION)

CHAPTER 4: METALS AND NON METALS

AIM- To find which of the following is more reactive -zinc,copper.

MATERIALS REQUIRED- Beaker ,water, copper sulphate, zinc granule.

PROCEDURE –

1) Fill the beaker with 50ml water.

2)Put copper sulphate and zinc granule.

3)keep it undisturbed for some time.

OBSERVATION-we will observe that blue colour of copper sulphate disappears and a powdery red mass of copper is deposited at the bottom of the beaker. This means that zinc replaced copper from copper sulphate.

CONCLUSION- zinc is more reactive than copper.

ACTIVITY 4CHAPTER 4: METALS AND NON METALS

REACTION WITH ACIDS

AIM-To observe the reaction between metals and acids.

MATERIALS REQUIRED- Test tubes , a dropper , HCL, metals such as Magnesium , aluminium foil, Fe, Cu turnings , charcoal ,sulphur.

PROCEDURE-Take samples of metals and non metals in separate test tubes and label them as A,B,C,D,E and F . With the help of a dropper add5ml of HCl to each test tubes one by one. Bring a burning match stick near the mouth of each test tube. Repeat the same procedure using dilute

H2So4.

OBSERVATION -

Test tube label

Metals/and non metals

Reaction with dilute hydrochloric acid

Reaction with dilutesulphuric acid

Room temperature

warm Room temperature

warm

A Mg ribbon

B Al foil

C Fe fillings

D Cu turnings

E Charcoal F Sulphur