Chapter 17: Sense Organ: The Eye and The Ear

A:Match the structure of the eye with its description below. Write the letter of the description in the space below:

a. Contains sensitive cells called rods and cones that transform light energy into nerve impulses.

b. Contains muscles that control the shape of the lens and secrets aqueous humor.

c. Transparents structure behind the iris and in front of the vitreous humor; it refracts light rays onto the retina.

d. Jelly-like material behind the lens that helps maintain the shape of the eyeball.

e. Open center of the iris through which light rays enter.

f. Vascular layer of the eyeball that is continuous with the iris.

g. Delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior eyeball.

h. Fibrous layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball.

i. Colored portion of the eye surrounds the pupil.

j. Tough, white outer layer of the eyeball.

1. pupil______________

2. conjunctiva______________

3. cornea______________

4. sclera______________

5. choroid______________

6. iris______________

7. ciliary body______________

8. lens______________

9. retina______________

10. vitreous humor______________

B:Supply the terms that complete the following sentences:

1. The region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina is the_____________________________.

2. The normal adjustment of the lens (becoming fatter) to bring an object into focus for near vision on the retina is______________________.

3. A yellowish region on the retina lateral to the optic disc is the____________.

4. The tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision is the_________________.

5. The bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye is________________.

6. The point at which the fibers of the optic nerve cross in the brain is the_________________.

7. The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make the perception of color possible are the______________.

8. The photoreceptor cells in the retina that make vision in dim light possible are the__________________.

9. The____________________is the area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris.

10. The posterior, inner part of the eye is the__________________.

C:Arrange the following terms in proper sequence to show the pathway of light rays to the visual region of the brain:

anterior chamber and aqueous humoroptic nerve fibers

cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)pupil

cornearetina

lensthalamus

vitreous chamber and vitreous humoroptic chiasm

1. _______________fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue over the eyeball.

2. _______________________space and fluid in the front of the eye.

3. _______________________central opening of the iris.

4. ____________________transparent, biconvex body that refracts light rays.

5. ____________space and soft, jelly-like material in the posterior(back)of eye.

6. __________________light-sensitive inner nerve cell layer; rods and cones.

7. _______________________cranial nerve.

8. _______________________area of brain where optic nerve fibers cross.

9. _______________________relay center of the brain.

10. _______________________visual region of the brain.

D:Give the meanings of the following terms:

1. optic nerve_______________________

2. biconvex__________________________

3. anisocoria__________________________

4. cycloplegic__________________________

5. palpebral____________________________

6. mydriasis_____________________________

7. miosis_________________________________

8. papilledema_____________________________

9. photophobia______________________________

10. scotoma___________________________________

E:Complete the medical terms based on their meanings and the word parts given:

1. inflammation of the eyelid:______________________itis

2. inflammation of the conjunctiva:__________________itis

3. inflammation of a tear gland:_____________________itis

4. inflammation of the iris:_________________________itis

5. inflammation of the cornea:______________________itis

6. inflammation of the white of the eye:_______________itis

7. inflammation of the retina:_______________________itis

8. prolapse of the eyelid: blephar___________________

9. pertaining to tears:_____________________________al

10. pertaining to within the eye: intra__________________

F:Select from the following terms to match the meanings below:

aphakiahemianopsiaoptometrist

corneal ulcerophthalmologistuveitis

esotropiaopticianxerophthalmia

exotropia

1. fibrous layer of clear tissue over the front of the eyeball has a defect resulting from infection______________________

2. inflammation of the vascular layer of the eye (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)_________________________

3. condition of dry eyes____________________________

4. absence of vision in half of the visual field_________________

5. eye abnormally turns outward__________________________

6. medical doctor who treats diseases of the eyes___________________

7. nonmedical professional who can examine eyes and prescribe glasses__________________________

8. nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fits glasses_____________

9. absence of the lens of the eye_______________

10. eye abnormal turns inward____________________

G:Describe the following visual conditions:

1. amblyopia___________________

2. hyperopia_____________________

3. presbyopia______________________

4. myopia___________________________

5. nyctalopia___________________________

6. diplopia_______________________________

7. astigmatism______________________________

H:Complete the following sentences:

1. In the myopic eye, light rays do not focus properly on the____________.Either the eyeball is too_____________or the refractive power of the lens is too_________________, so that the image is blurred and comes to a focus in ___________________of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an___________lens.

2. In the hyperopic eye, the eyeball is too__________or the refractive power of the lens too_______________, so that the image is blurred and focused in_____________________ of the retina. The type of lens used to correct this refractive error is called a/an________________lens.

3. A miotic is a drug that_____________the pupil of the eye.

4. A mydriatic is a drug that___________________the pupil of the eye.

I:Match the following abnormal conditions of the eye with their meanings as given below:

cataracthordeolum (stye)retinal detachment

chalazionmacular degenerationretinitis pigmentosa

diabetic retinopathynystagmusstrabismus

glaucoma

1. retinal microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization occur secondary to an abnormal endocrine condition________________________________

2. two layers of the retina separate from each other_________________

3. abnormal deviations of the eye occur (esotropia and exotropia)___________

4. clouding of the lens causes decreased vision_________________

5. loss of central vision caused by deterioration of the macula of the retina______________________

6. localized, purulent infection of sebaceous gland in the eyelid__________________________

7. small, firm, cystic mass on the eyelid: formed as a result of chronic inflammation of a sebaceous gland_______________________

8. increased intraocular pressure results in optic nerve damage_____________________________

9. pigmented scarring forms throughout the retina_________________

10. repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes________________

J:Label the following figure of the eye using the list of terms below:

anterior chamberfovea centralisoptic nerve

choroidirispupil

ciliary bodylensretina

conjunctivamaculasclera

corneaoptic discvitreous humor

K:Match the following conditions with the images shown below:

1. Stroke(hemianopsia)_______________

2. glaucoma________________________

3. cataract________________________

L:Give the meaning of the following combining forms:

1. lacrim/o_______________

2. dacry/o____________________

3. kerat/o_______________________

4. corne/o_________________________

5. blephar/o_________________________

6. palpebra/o__________________________

7. cor/o_________________________________

8. pupill/o________________________________

9. phac/o__________________________________

10. phak/o___________________________________

11. ocul/o_____________________________________

12. ophthalm/o__________________________________

13. opt/0________________________________________

14. scot/o_________________________________________

M:Give the meanings of the following abbreviations:

1. OU

2. VA

3. OD

4. OS

5. VF

6. IOL

7. IOP

8. PERRLA

N:Match the following clinical procedures with their meanings as given below:

fluorescein angiographyophthalmoscopytonometry

keratoplastyphacoemulsificationvisual acuity test

laser photocoagulationscleral bucklevisual field test

LASIKslit lamp microscopyvitrectomy

1. ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, and it is aspirated from the eye___________________________

2. test of clearness of vision__________________________

3. measurement of tension or pressure within the eye; glaucoma test______________________________________________

4. high-energy light radiation beams are used to stop retinal hemorrhaging___________________________________________

5. a laser removes corneal tissue(sculpts it) to correct myopia________________________________________________

6. intravenous injection of dye followed by photographs of the eye through dilated pupils______________________________________________

7. suture of a silicone band to the sclera to correct retinal detachment___________________________________________________

8. test to measure central and peripheral vision (area within which objects are seen) when the eyes are looking straight ahead____________________

9. removal (and replacement) of diseased fluid in the chamber behind the lens of the eye__________________________________________________

10. visual examination of the interior of the eye after dilation of the pupil________________________________________________________

11. use of an instrument for microscopic examination of parts of the eye____________________________________________________

12. corneal transplant surgery__________________________________

O: Arrange the following terms in the correct order to indicate their sequence in the transmission of sound waves to the brain from the outer ear.

auditory liquids and receptorsauditory nerve fiberscerebral cortex

cochleaexternal auditory canalincus

malleusoval windowpinna(auricle)

stapestympanic membrane

1. __________________________

2. ___________________________

3. ____________________________

4. _____________________________

5. ______________________________

6. _______________________________

7. ________________________________

8. _________________________________

9. __________________________________

10. ____________________________________

11. ______________________________________

P:Give short definitions for the following medical terms:

1. labyrinth___________________________

2. semicircular canals_____________________

3. auditory (eustachian) tube__________________

4. stapes____________________________________

5. organ of Corti_______________________________

6. perilymph and endolymph_______________________

7. cerumen______________________________________

8. vestibule_______________________________________

9. oval window_____________________________________

10. tympanic membrane________________________________

Q:Complete the following terms based on their definitions:

1. instrument to examine the ear:_______________________scope

2. removal of the third bone of the middle ear:_______________ectomy

3. pertaining to the auditory tube and throat:__________________pharyngeal

4. flow of pus from the ear: oto_____________________________

5. instrument to measure hearing:___________________________meter

6. incision of the eardrum:__________________________________tomy

7. surgical repair of the eardrum:____________________________plasty

8. deafness due to old age:________________________________cusis

9. small ear: micr__________________________________________

10. inflammation of the middle ear: ot_____________________________

R:Give short definitions for the following medical terms:

1. vertigo________________________

2. Meniere disease____________________

3. otosclerosis__________________________

4. tinnitus________________________________

5. labyrinthitis_______________________________

6. cholesteatoma_____________________________

7. suppurative otitis media_______________________

8. acoustic neuroma_____________________________

9. mastoiditis_____________________________________

10. myringitis_______________________________________

S:Give the meanings of the following abbreviations relating to otology:

1. ENG_________________________

2. AS____________________________

3. AD_____________________________

4. EENT____________________________

5. ENT_______________________________

6. PE tube________________________________

T:Circle the correct terms(s) to complete each sentence:

1. Dr. Jones specializes in pediatric ophthalmology. His examination of children with poor vision often leads to the diagnosis of (cataract, amblyopia, glaucoma), or lazy eye.

2. Stellas near vision became progressively worse as she aged. Her physician told her that she had a common condition called (presbyopia, detached retina, anisocoria), which often develops beginning in middle age.

3. Matthew rubbed his itchy eyes constantly and thus spread his pinkeye or (conjunctivitis, blepharitis, myringitis) from one eye to the other. Dr. Chang prescribed antibiotics for this common condition, because Matthew had a purulent discharge suggestive of an infection.

4. As Pauls (mastoiditis, otitis media, tinnitus) became progressively worse, his doctor worried that this ringing in his ears might be caused by benign brain tumor, a/an (cholesteatoma, acoustic neuroma, glaucoma).

5. Before her second birthday. Sally had so many episodes of (vertigo, otosclerosis, suppurative otitis media) that Dr. Sills recommended the placement of PE tubes

6. Sixty-eight-year-old Bob experienced blurred vision in the central portion of his visual field. After careful examination of his (cornea, sclera, retina), his (ophthalmologist, optician, optometrist) diagnosed his condition as (glaucoma, iritis, macular degeneration). The doctor explained that the form of this condition was atrophic or (dry, wet), causing photoreceptor rods and cones to die.

7. If Bobs condition had been diagnosed as the (dry,wet) form, it might have been treated with (cryotherapy, intraocular lenses, laser photocoagulation) to seal leaky blood vessels.

8. Sarah suddenly experienced bright flashes of light in her right eye.She also told her physician that she had a sensation of a curtain being pulled over part of the visual field in that eye. Her doctor examined her eye with (keratoplasty, ophthalmoscopy, tonometry) and determined that she had (retinal refraction, retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy). Corrective surgery, known as (enucleation, vitrectomy, scleral buckling), was recommended.

9. Carol awakened with a sensation of dizziness or (vertigo, tinnitus, presbycusis) as she tried to get out of bed. She was totally incapacitated for several days and noticed hearing loss in her left ear. Her physician explained that fluid called (pus, endolymph, mucus) had accumulated in her (auditory tube, middle ear, cochlea) and her condition was (otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, Meniere disease). He prescribed drugs to control her dizziness and nausea.

10. Patient with conductive hearing loss are helped by reconstruction of the (labyrinth, tympanic membrane, auditory tube), a procedure known as (myringoplasty, audiometry, otoscopy). Patients with sensorineural hearing loss may be helped by a (hearing aid, cochlear implant, stapedectomy).

Chapter 17: Sense Organs: The Eye and The Ear

Answers

A.

1. E

2. G

3. H

4. J

5. F

6. I

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. D

B.

1. optic disc

2. accommodation

3. macula

4. fovea centralis

5. refraction

6. optic chiasm

7. cones

8. rods

9. anterior chamber

10. fundus

C.

1. cornea

2. anterior chamber and aqueous humor

3. pupil

4. lens

5. vitreous chamber and vitreous humor

6. retina

7. optic nerve fibers

8. optic chiasm

9. thalamus

10. cerebral cortex (occipital lobe)

D.

1. cranial nerve that carries impulses from the retina to the brain

2. having two sides that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly

3. condition of pupils of unequal (anis/o) size

4. pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscles

5. pertaining to the eyelid

6. condition of enlargement of the pupil

7. condition of constriction of the pupil

8. swelling in the region of the optic disc

9. condition of sensitivity to (fear of) light

10. blind spot; area of darkened (diminished) vision surrounded by clear vision

E.

1. blepharitis

2. conjunctivitis

3. dacryoadenitis

4. iritis

5. keratitis

6. scleritis

7. retinitis

8. blepharoptosis

9. lacrimal

10. intraocular

F.

1. corneal ulcer

2. uveitis

3. xerophthalmia

4. hemianopsia

5. exotropia

6. ophthalmologist

7. optometrist

8. optician

9. aphakia

10. esotropia

G.

1. decreased (dim) vision; lazy eye (resulting from strabismus and uncorrected refractive errors in childhood)

2. farsightedness

3. decreased vision at near, resulting from old age

4. nearsightedness

5. night blindness; decreased vision at night

6. double vision

7. defective curvature of the lens and cornea leading to blurred vision

H.

1. retina;long; strong; front; concave

2. short; weak; back; convex

3. constricts

4. dilates

I.

1. diabetic retinopathy

2. retinal detachment

3. strabismus

4. cataract

5. macular degeneration

6. hordeolum (stye)

7. chalazion

8. glaucoma

9. retinitis pigmentosa

10. nystagmus

J.

1. pupil

2. conjunctive

3. cornea

4. sclera

5. choroid

6. iris

7. ciliary body

8. lens

9. anterior chamber

10. vitreous humor

11. retina

12. optic nerve

13. optic disc

14. macula

15. fovea centralis

K.

1. C. Stroke (hemianopsia)--loss of half of the visual field caused by a stroke affecting the left visual cortex

2. B. Glaucoma--loss of peripheral vision first (darkness around the edges of the picture)

3. A. Cataract--causes blurred vision

L.

1. tears

2. tears

3. cornea

4. cornea

5. eyelid

6. eyelid

7. pupil

8. pupil

9. lens

10. lens

11. eye

12. eye

13. eye

14. darkness

M.

1. both eyes

2. visual acuity

3. right eye

4. left eye

5. visual field

6. intraocular lens

7. intraocular pressure

8. pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation

N.

1. phacoemulsification

2. visual acuity test

3. tonometry

4. laser photocoagulation

5. LASIK

6. fluorescein angiography

7. scleral buckle

8. visual field test

9. vitrectomy

10. ophthalmoscopy

11. slit lamp microscopy

12. keratoplasty

O.

1. pinna (auricle)

2. external auditory canal

3. tympanic membrane

4. malleus

5. incus

6. stapes

7. oval window

8. cochlea

9. auditory liquids and receptors

10. auditory nerve fibers

11. cerebral cortex

P.

1. cochlea and organs of equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule)

2. organ of equilibrium in the inner ear

3. passageway between the middle ear and the throat

4. third ossicle (little bone) of the middle ear

5. region in the cochlea that contains auditory receptors

6. auditory fluids circulating within the inner ear

7. wax in the external auditory meatus

8. central cavity of the inner ear that connects the semicircular canals and the cochlea

9. delicate membrane between the middle and the inner ears

10. eardrum

Q.

1. otoscope

2. stapedectomy

3. salpingopharyngeal

4. otopyorrhea

5. audiometer

6. myringotomy (tympanotomy)

7. tympanoplasty (myringotomy)

8. presbycusis

9. microtia

10. otitis media

R.

1. sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects.

2. disorder of the labyrinth marked by elevation of ear fluids and pressure within the cochlea (tinnitus), vertigo, and nausea result)

3. hardening in the bony tissue of the ossicles of the middle ear

4. noise (ringing, buzzing) in the ears

5. inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear

6. collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

7. inflammation of the middle ear with bacterial infection and pus collection

8. benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain

9. inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear)

10. inflammation of the eardrum

S.

1. electronystagmography; a test of balance

2. left ear

3. right ear

4. eyes, ears, nose, and throat

5. ears, nose, and throat

6. pressure-equalizing tube;ventilating tube placed in the eardrum

T.

1. amblyopia

2. presbyopia

3. conjunctivitis

4. tinnitus; acoustic neuroma

5. suppurative otitis media

6. retina; ophthalmologist; macular degeneration; dry

7. wet; laser photocoagulation

8. ophthalmoscopy; retinal detachment; scleral buckling

9. vertigo; endolymph; cochlea; Meniere disease

10. tympanic membrane; myringoplasty; cochlear implant