General Biology Homework Assignment 5

Name ______________________

Chapters 20/ 21I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:

- Epithelial tissue- Connective tissue- Muscle tissue- Nervous tissue- Organ- Omnivores- Herbivores- Carnivores- Ingestion- Digestion- Absorption- Elimination- Alimentary canal- Pharynx- Esophogus- Stomach- Anus- Peristalsis- Chyme- Small intestine- Villi/ microvilli- Pancreas- Lliver- Gallbladder- Large intestine

II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences unless otherwise noted.

1. Label the parts of the human digestive system and indicate function of these organs and glands.

2. A peanut butter and jelly sandwich contains carbs, proteins and fats. Describe what happens to the sandwich when you eat it. Discuss ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination.

3. What is the difference between energy rich food and nutrient rich food? Why would nutrient rich food be better? When might energy rich food be the best choice?

Chapter 22I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:

- Gas exchange- Gills- Tracheal system- Lungs- Diaphragm- Pharynx- Larynx- Vocal cords- Trachea- Bronchi- Bronchioles- Alveoli- Surfactants- Breathing- Negative pressure breathing- Partial pressure- Breathing control center

- Hemoglobin

II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences unless otherwise noted.

1. Complete the concept map to review some of the concepts of gas exchange.

2. What are two advantages of breathing air, compared with obtaining dissolved oxygen from water What is a comparative disadvantage of breathing air?

3. Trace the pathway of oxygen from the air to the blood.

4. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin 210 times more tightly than oxygen. It also binds with an electron transport protein and disrupts cellular respiration. Explain why carbon monoxide is such a deadly gas.

Chapters 23I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:

- Open circulatory system- Closed circulatory system- Arteries- Veins- Capillaries- Atrium (ia)- Ventricle (s)- Pulmonary arteries- Pulmonary veins- Aorta- Superior vena cava- Inferior vena cava- Cardiac cycle- Diastolic pressure- Systolic pressure- Heart murmur- Endocarditis

- Pacemaker- Myocardial infarction- Stroke- Atherosclerosis- Erythrocytes- Leukocytes- Platelets

II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences unless otherwise noted.

1. Use above diagram to review the flow of blood through a human cardiovascular system. Label the indicated parts and highlight vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood, as well as number the pathway of blood starting with 1 as the right ventricle.

2. Explain how heartbeats are controlled.

3. Describe the causes and consequences of a heart attack and cardiovascular disease.

4. Relate the structure of blood vessels to their functions.

5. Describe the components of blood and their functions.

Chapters 24I. Word Bank: Define or describe the following:

- Innate immunity- Neutrophils- Macrophage- Interferones- Complement system- Inflammatory response- Acquired immunity- Antigen- Antibody- Active immunity- Passive immunity- B cells- T cells- Clonal selection- Memory cells- Primary immune response- Secondary immune response- Vaccination- Human immunodeficiency virus- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

II. Short answer. Answer the following questions in complete sentences unless otherwise noted.

1. Complete the concept map to summarize the key concepts concerning the body’s defenses.

Body’sdefensesinclude

(b)(a)is presentfound in

at birthvertebrates andinvertebrates

is presentfound invertebratesonly after

exposureproduced bycells called

Lymphocytesinclude

responsible for(c) (d) cell-mediatedimmune responseinclude

stimulate(f)stimulate

cytotoxicT cells

(e)secreteresponsible for

humoralimmune response

2. What is inflammation? How does it protect the body? Why is inflammation considered part of the innate immune response?

3. Distinguish between the humoral immune response and the cell-mediated immune response.

4. Compare a primary immune response to a secondary immune response.

5. What does a vaccination do? How is this different from an infection by the same microbe?

6. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? Do you die from HIV? Why or why not?