Name:______________________Thermodynamics

What is thermodynamics?Thermodynamics:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________: is the ___________________ that comes from heat.

This heat is generated by the _______________________ of tiny particles within an object. The _________________ these particles move, the _________heat is generated.

Laws of Thermodynamics_________________ : When two systems are sitting in thermal _________________ with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with ____________________________________: States that energy cannot be ____________ or ____________ in an isolated system. ________________: it is impossible to have a cyclic (repeating) process that converts heat completely into work.

It is also ___________________ to have a process that ______________ heat from _____________ objects to ___________objects without using work.

Contributors to Thermodynamicsa) ___________________: Helped to form the ___________ and ____________ laws of Thermodynamics

Absolute temperatures are stated in units of ________________ in his honourb) _________________________: Made a logarithmic connection between entropy and probability in his kinetic theory of gases

c) _________________________: invented the carnot cycle Carnot Cycle: When a system is taken through a series of different states

(solid, liquid, gas) and finally returned to its ________________ state, a thermodynamic cycle is said to have occurred

First Nations Thermal Applications

•First Nation’s and Métis people used ___________to assist with many aspects of their everyday lives

1. ____________________:When a tipi is properly pitched, the cover is staked

several inches above the ground. The liner hangs against the inside of the poles and seals the bottom of the tipi. The liner makes a double wall and creates a chimney effect–air flows under the cover, is channelled up between the cover and the liner and finally, rises up through the smoke flaps taking the smoke with it.

The addition of an ozan can increase the heat retention in your sleeping area and redirect any moisture that may enter through the smoke flaps. A tipi may also be heated with a wood stove. 2. ____________________________: Some spears were made entirely of hard wood then the points sharpened by hand and then hardened in a fire.

Fire hardening, also known as "_______________________", is the process of removing ____________________ from wood, changing its structure and material properties, by slowly and lightly charring it over a ________________.

This makes a point, like that of a ______________, or an edge, like that of a knife, more ______________.

2. ______________________________________: First Nation’s and Métis people believed in using every part of the

buffalo’s body, including the skin or hide. Uses for buffalo hide:

3. Heat in Spirituality – Sacred Fire: The Sacred Fire is symbolic to the sun _______________ Mother Earth. It is a time for _________________ and used for many reasons. ____________________ is shown to the fire and the surrounding grounds

at all times.

A Sacred Fire is normally lit for ________ days and nights with a Fire Keeper in attendance at all times.

4. Heat in Spirituality- Sweatlodges: Sweat lodges are dome shaped structures used for ___________ time and

_________________the body, mind and spirit. Heat is ___________________ in and out through the ______________. Heated rocks are placed in the lodge and _____________ is sprinkled

throughout the ceremony to help create the _____________ used in the cleansing ceremony.

Kinetic Molecular Theory- Matter is made up of particles that are constantly, randomly in

______________- This energy in motion is called _________________________- The amount of Kinetic energy in substance is related to it’s _______________- There is ______________ between particles. - The amount of space between particles is related to the substance’s state of

matter (solid, liquid, gas)

- _____________ changes happen when the temperature of the substance changes sufficiently

Heat vs. Temperature Heat and temperature are _____________to each other, but are different

concepts Heat: is the _______________ kinetic energy in a substanceTemperature: is a _____________ of the ____________kinetic energy in a substance Temperature is _________ energy, but a measure of it. Heat is ______________.

Temperature Scales1. _____________________

Celsius is the modern system of measuring _________________ (based on _____________). It fits in with much of the metric system and has nice round numbers. In Celsius, we call the freezing point of water _____ degrees Celsius, and the

boiling point ________ degrees Celsius.

2. _____________________ Kelvin is an important scale used in most of ___________________. The big difference is that it is based on a single point (__________________)

which is given a value of 0 degrees. It is a scale that is based on ________________________, rather than on

arbitrary temperature values like Celsius (based on water). Water _______________ at the value 273.15 and __________ at 373.15 Kelvin. The word "______________” comes from Lord Kelvin, who did a lot of work

with temperatures.

Celsius to Kelvin Conversions100°C = ____________ 0°C = ____________

-273°C = ____________

To convert from ° C to K: 

Ex. What temperature in Kelvin is 37 C?      

Ex. What temperature in Celsius is 215 K?

Kelvin – Celsius Conversion PracticeConvert the following to Kelvin1) 10o C ________ ________

2) 30o C ________ ________

3) 40o C ________ ________

4) 37o C ________ ________

5) 0o C ________ ________

6) 0o C ________ ________

7) -50o C ________ ________

8) 90o C ________ ________

9) -20o C ________ ________

Convert the following to Celsius

1) 100 K ________ ________

2) 200 K ________ ________

3) 273 K ________ ________

4) 350 K ________ ________

5) 115 K ________ ________