webinar jan 2018 copd1/18/2018 13 be aware of the diagnosis review/discuss triggers help to reduce...

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1/18/2018 1 Presented by UIC College of Nursing Describe COPD. Identify red flags for a COPD exacerbation. Identify COPD triggers or risk factors. Differentiate between longacting inhalers and emergency use inhalers. Identify tools for longterm selfmanagement of COPD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Preventable Treatable Chronic Never goes away Difficult to empty air out of lungs

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Page 1: Webinar Jan 2018 COPD1/18/2018 13 Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers exposure Advocate for smoking cessation Know the medications prescribed

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Presented by UIC College of Nursing

Describe COPD.

Identify red flags for a COPD exacerbation.

Identify COPD triggers or risk factors.

Differentiate between long‐acting inhalers and emergency use inhalers.

Identify tools for long‐term self‐management of COPD.

ChronicObstructivePulmonaryDisease

Preventable Treatable Chronic

Never goes away

Difficult to empty air out of lungs

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COPD = Chronic Bronchitis and/or Emphysema

Asthma is NOT the same as COPD, but there can be overlap and many people with COPD also have asthma.

Page 3: Webinar Jan 2018 COPD1/18/2018 13 Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers exposure Advocate for smoking cessation Know the medications prescribed

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What is Emphysema?

What is Chronic Bronchitis?

Swelling, mucous

Restricted air flow

Increased shortness of breath

FatigueDecreased activity

Decreased quality of 

life

Page 4: Webinar Jan 2018 COPD1/18/2018 13 Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers exposure Advocate for smoking cessation Know the medications prescribed

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Causes of COPD:

SMOKING

CIGARETTE SMOKE

Air pollution

Genetics?

How do I know if I have COPD?

Shortness of breath

Wheeze

Cough

Mucous/Phlegm

Doesn’t go away

See your healthcare provider

COPD 

Risk for:

Infections, Pneumonia

Heart Disease

Cancer

How does a healthcare provider know if I have COPD?

Symptoms

Breathing tests (Spirometry; 

Pulmonary Function Tests)

How much air in and out?

How fast breathe out?

How much oxygen gets into blood?

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Other pulmonary function tests:

Lung volume measurement 

Diffusing capacity

6 Minute Walk Test

Arterial Blood Gas

Page 6: Webinar Jan 2018 COPD1/18/2018 13 Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers exposure Advocate for smoking cessation Know the medications prescribed

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Stop smoking

Annual flu shot

Pneumonia vaccine

Medications

Oxygen

Pulmonary rehabilitation/Daily Physical Activity

Surgery

Lung volume reduction

Lung transplant

Additional steps for self‐management:

Breathing exercises using handheld incentive spirometer

Pulse Oximetry

▪ Log results over time; with and without symptoms

▪ Learn your expected normal range

Medicines will

Improve overall well‐being

Improve ability to perform daily activities

Reduce symptoms

Prevent symptoms

Reduce “exacerbations” or attacks

MUST be taken as prescribed

Page 7: Webinar Jan 2018 COPD1/18/2018 13 Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers exposure Advocate for smoking cessation Know the medications prescribed

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Inhaler medicines are used most often

Bronchodilator Inhalers

▪ Short acting

▪ Long acting

Steroid inhalers

Other medications (less often)

Bronchodilator Inhalers: SHORT/FAST Acting

Short acting beta agonists

▪ “SABAs”

▪ Albuterol; Levalbuterol

Short acting Anticholinergics

▪ Ipratropium

Short acting Combination Inhaler

Bronchodilator Inhalers LONG Acting

Long acting beta agonists “LABAs”

▪ salmeterol (“Serevent”)

Long acting anticholinergics  or antimuscarinics “LAMAs”

▪ Tiotropium (Spiriva); 

Long acting combination medication

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Steroid Inhalers (combination)

Advair; Symbicort

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

Dry Powder Inhaler

Soft Mist Inhaler

MDI 

Technique with a spacer

(Up To Date, 2018)

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Dry Powder Inhaler Technique

(expl. Advair)

(Up To Date, 2018)

Page 10: Webinar Jan 2018 COPD1/18/2018 13 Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers exposure Advocate for smoking cessation Know the medications prescribed

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Soft Mist Inhaler (SMI) Technique

(expl. Respimat)

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Nebulizer

Upon the following symptoms, COPD patients should contact their healthcare provider within six hours:

Shortness of breath does not cease with bronchodilator treatments inhaled one hour apart

Wheezing does not cease with bronchodilator treatments inhaled one hour apart

(Avail, 2018)

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If COPD patients experience the following symptoms, they should contact their healthcare provider within 24 hours:

Sputum changes in color, odor, stickiness or thickness

Ankle swelling persists after a night of sleeping with feet up

Waking up twice or more at night being short of breath

Severe fatigue                                                  (Avail, 2018)

Contact healthcare provider immediately:

(Avail, 2018)

Inability to speak Confusion during acute infection

Severe shortness of breath Forgetfulness during acute infection

Trouble breathing Severe weakness

Inability to speak in full sentences

Fever 101 degrees or greater

Cannot be awakened easily Shaking chills

Speech slurring during acute infection

Blood in sputum

Exhaustion during acute infection

May need a new medicine or a new delivery manner

Increase in short acting beta agonists and anticholinergics

May need nebulizer administration

Steroid medication by mouth (increases blood sugar)

Steroid medication intravenous: Hospitalize

Antibiotic

By mouth at home

Intravenous‐at hospital

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Be aware of the diagnosis Review/discuss triggers Help to reduce triggers 

exposure Advocate for smoking 

cessation Know the medications 

prescribed and how prescribed

Remind to use short/fast acting inhaler when symptomatic

Keep list of meds current Know the individualized 

range of normal pulse oximetery results

Encourage physical activity Encourage breathing 

exercises Explore Pulmonary 

Rehabilitation programs and eligibility

Have the physician’s name and contact number

Call the provider if person is symptomatic

Call 911 if severe

Avail Clinical Research. (2018). COPD signs and symptoms. Retrieved from https://www.availclinical.com/clinical‐trials/chronic‐obstructive‐pulmonary‐disease‐copd/copd‐signs‐symptoms/

Up To Date. Han, MK., Dransfield, MT, Martinez, FJ. (2017). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Definition, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and staging. Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic‐obstructive‐pulmonary‐disease‐definition‐clinical‐manifestations‐diagnosis‐and‐staging?search=COPD&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2#H2840639245

Up To Date. Patient Education: COPD. Topic 15430 Version 11.0. (2018) Retrieved from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/chronic‐obstructive‐pulmonary‐disease‐copd‐including‐emphysema‐the‐basics

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