webinar on graduate project for biopharma students whether you are just starting out in the program,...

Webinar on Graduate Projectfor Biopharma Students

WHETHER YOU ARE JUST STARTING OUT IN THE PROGRAM, OR ALREADY WRITING YOUR PAPER, THIS WEBINAR IS FOR

YOU!

PLEASE ATTEND: MARCH 5TH 7PM

HTTP://TINYURL.COM/SHRPBPHE6200-P

HTTP://TINYURL.COM/SHRPBPHE6200M

SESSION WILL BE RECORDED

http://tinyurl.com/shrpbphe6200-p

http://tinyurl.com/shrpbphe6200m

Writing a Graduate Project

Preparing a Graduate Projectin the

UMDNJ MS CTS Program

James L Parmentier, PhD.Associate Professor

Biopharma Educational Initiative

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1) Administrative 2) Research Design

3) Literature Research4) Technical Writing

5) Oral Presentation6) Administrative

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IDST6980 - Aspects to Consider


Grad Project/Fieldwork Initiation Form

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Go to the Biopharma website > then to General Information >

http://shrp.umdnj.edu/dept/biopharma/documents/GraduateProjectFieldworkInitiationForm.pdf

Fill out the Graduate Project Fieldwork Initiation Form > Think about what you can do and/or want to do:

Type of Experience? Contacts? Ability to Travel? Availability?

Fax or email it to your Advisor




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1) Research Design2) Literature Research

3) Technical Writing 4) Oral Presentation

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1) Research Design2) Literature Research

3) Technical Writing

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Research Design –

It’s all about asking a good question


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Research Design –

It’s all about asking a good question

So, what makes a good research question?


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The foundation of a good research question has always been some frustrated

person saying…


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The foundation of a good research question has always been some frustrated

person saying…

There has to be a better way to

do this!”


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“There has to be a better way to do this!”

“this” is an action, a problem or a thing.


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“better way” is a comparison statement.


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“has” (bolded) means it is important


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1) The question must be answerable.

2) The question must be relevant.

3) The question must be feasible.

Research Design –It’s all about asking a good question


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NIH Clinical Research Questions• Diagnosis• Etiology • Therapy • Prognosis


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Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine• Frequency• Diagnosis• Prognosis• Therapy• Benefits and Harms


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Among perimenopausal women, what is the effect of using hormone replacement therapy with drug X (versus no treatment) to reduce the incidence of hot flashes?

simple


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Among perimenopausal women, what is the effect of using hormone replacement therapy with drug X (versus no treatment) to reduce the incidence of hot flashes?

Among school age children, how effective are specialized school-based physical activity programs (compared to standard programs) in bringing about weight loss?

simple complex


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The process is to use PICO questions

P: Patient or population?I: Intervention (or exposure or diagnostic test)?C: Comparison: What is the main alternative compared with the focus situation?O: Outcomes: What is measured, improved, affected or accomplished?


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What is the effectiveness among healthy peri-menopausal women in the US of using drug X compared to using no treatment for decreasing the incidence of hot flashes (as measured by patient self-report)?

P I C 0


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What is the effectiveness among healthy peri-menopausal women in the US of using drug X compared to using no treatment for decreasing the incidence of hot flashes (as measured by patient self-report)?

Among US overweight children what is the effect of a multi-disciplinary weight loss intervention compared to single-mode interventions for bringing about improved weight status (as measured by BMI and percent body fat)?

P I C 0


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List of Suggested Topics:

See the IDST6980-6989-M-Sp12: Graduate Project website

http://moodle.umdnj.edu/course/view.php?id=390


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Searching the Literature

It’s all about finding the right information


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1) The information must be relevant.

2) The information must be reliable and accessible.

3) The information must be interpretable.

Literature Research –It’s all about finding the right information


Focused Medical-Scientific Literature Searching

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• Aggregators: OVID-SP, Embase.com, EDSCO Host, Wiley

• Databases: Medline, Embase

• PubMed (NCBI)

• Boolean & Command-line searching (with tags)

• MEDLINE formatting and MeSH


Drug-Focused Literature SearchingFebruary 27, 2012

https://sas.elluminate.com/site/external/jwsdetect/playback.jnlp?psid=2012-02-27.1604.M.FB161CDD6B76A23DB29DDF09989F52.vcr&sid=200900

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Carol Mitchell, MD




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PubMed – www.pubmed.gov


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1

2

3

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Searching the UMDNJ Library


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Click here

Read more here

Linking from PubMed to UMDNJ


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Create your NCBI Account (Play around with it a little while) • Click on Site Preferences • Click on Filters and Icons • Click on LinkOut • Clink on Libraries • Clink on UMDNJ

Linking from PubMed to UMDNJ


34This time, click on “Our Campus Libraries”

Linking from UMDNJ to PubMed


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Linking to PubMed from UMDNJ

In the bar next to PubMed type in the “Name [au] AND NAME [JOURNAL]” of what you want to find.


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Now hit “Find it in UMDNJ” and you will betaken directly to the full article…


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Bingo!


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For a 4-6 month project, one person working 10-20 hours per week might expect tocover 15 -20 articles.

Plan on working through an iterative process of fine-tuning your question and your literature searches.

Time and Resources Matter


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Technical Writing It's all about communication


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“Whoever writes to a stranger should observe three points…………


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1) That what he proposes be practicable; 2) His proposition should be made in explicit terms, so as to be easily understood; 3) What he desires should in itself be reasonable.

Hereby he will give a favorable expression of his understanding and create a desire of further acquaintance. Now it happens that you, Sir, were negligent in ALL these points.”


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Technical Writing –

It's all about communication!


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Technical Writing –

It's all about communication!

1) Know your story.

2) Know your audience.

3) Write so you won't be misunderstood.


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Macrostructure of a Research Article

IntroductionGeneral field

or Context

Discussion Specific finding

to widerimplications

MethodsData andResults


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Macrostructure of a Research Article

IntroductionGeneral field

or Context

Discussion Specific finding

to widerimplications

MethodsData andResults

IMRAD

LB Sollaci and MG.Pereira, The introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) structure: a fifty-year survey, J Med Libr Assoc. 2004 July; 92(3): 364–371. PMCID: PMC442179


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A Brief History of Scientific Writing

LB Sollaci and MG.Pereira, The introduction, methods, results, and discussion (IMRAD) structure: a fifty-year survey, J Med Libr Assoc. 2004 July; 92(3): 364–371. PMCID: PMC442179

Lock, S: A difficult balance: Editorial peer review in medicine, nuffieldtrust.org, 1985

Scientific Journals

Peer Review

IMRAD

GD Lundberg, How to Write a Medical Paper to Get It Published in a Good Journal Medscape General Medicine > Departments > Webcast Video Editorials

http://www.medscape.com/medgenmed

http://www.medscape.com/medgenmed

http://www.medscape.com/index/section_766_0

http://www.medscape.com/index/section_2054_0


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The First Journals

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/


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The Author's Advantage


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Writing an Introduction

Move 1 - Establish a territoryMove 2 - Establish a nicheMove 3 - Occupy the niche


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Move 1 - Establish a territory▪ Point out the importance of the general subject or▪ Make generalizations about the subject or▪ Review items of previous research

Move 2 - Establish a nicheMove 3 - Occupy the niche


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Move 1 - Establish a territoryMove 2 - Establish a niche▪ Indicate a gap in the existing research database or ▪ Raise a question about existing research or▪ Make a counter-claim or▪ Indicate that your work is expands an accepted path of previous researchMove 3 - Occupy the niche


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Move 1 - Establish a territoryMove 2 - Establish a nicheMove 3 - Occupy the niche▪ State the research that was pursued▪ State the principal findings▪ Indicate the basic structure of the article


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Writing a Methods Section

• Present the experimental design. • Provide enough detail to allow readers

to interpret your results. • Give enough detail for readers to

replicate your work.


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Writing a Results Section

• Select the data or ideas that you wish to discuss

• Describe the rationale at the beginning of each subsection

• Make the data or ideas easy to find. • If appropriate, present data in figures

and tables.


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• Summarize your findings• Cite supporting literature • Explain discrepancies • Point out shortcomings of or in your work• Identify unsettled points. • Discuss theoretical and practical implications• How might you test these implications?

The Content of a Discussion Section


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• It is harder to define than other sections• It requires perspective, knowledge, and thought • You may have begun writing it too early• Your data may be weak or inconclusive

Why the Discussion SectionIs so Hard to Write?


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• Present an analysis of the key results• Give a future perspective on the work• Give recommendations, if appropriate• In future research directions• Mirror the scope and limitations presented in the Introduction

Writing a Conclusion


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• To condense large amounts of information • To present your findings • To focus attention on certain findings • To simplify complex findings• To tell a story

Tables and Figures andIllustrations


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http://cartographia.wordpress.com/2008/04/30/napoleons-invasion-of-russia

Napoleon Invades Russia, Winter, 1812

http://cartographia.wordpress.com/2008/04/30/napoleons-invasion-of-russia


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• It is a stand alone, mini-version of your paper• It describes the main sections of the paper.• It states its purpose, findings and impact • The bottom line of the Abstract should resonate with the bottom line of the discussion. • This is the most widely-read part of your paper

Your goal is economy of words.

Writing the Abstract


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http://www3.pcad.edu/Library/FAQs/Neville,%20Colin.%20%22The%20Complete%20Guide%20to%20Referencing%20&%20Avoiding%20Plagiarism%22.pdf

References in Scholarly Papers


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http://libraries.umdnj.edu/toolkits/Citing/

AMA Style for journal references from “JAMA”Journal of the American Medical Association

http://www.usciences.edu/library/help/citation-ama.asp

MLA (Modern Language Association ) MLA -- liberal arts and humanities

APA (American Psychological Association) -- social sciences

Referencing Techniques



http://www.usciences.edu/library/help/citation-ama.asp


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Thanks for listening!

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]


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Remember! Write so you won’t be misunderstood!

webinar on graduate project for biopharma students whether you are just starting out in the program,...

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