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Course description

This course aims to introduce students to a number of major topics concerning the institutions, thought and practice of medieval Christianity as it interacted with Judaism and Islam. The course will study Christianity (including its confrontation with Paganism) in the framework of its encounters with Judaism and Islam in the medieval West. Students will be encouraged to explore areas of similarity in the thought of the three Abrahamic religions, while recognising the distinctiveness of each. In considering how the adherents of different religions identified themselves, they will address the extent to which religious intolerance and persecution related in medieval societies to fear of ‘the other’. Treatment of the religions will interlock in order to demonstrate the many facets of the various interactions between Christians, Muslims and Jews in the Middle Ages.

Aims:

a) To make students aware of the fact that Christianity was not the sole religion of medieval Western Europe and to introduce students to the many facets of interactions between Christianity, Judaism and Islam.

b) To introduce students to important topics in a formative period in the development of the Western Church

c) To teach students to distinguish between the institutions of the medieval Church and its teachings, as well as to distinguish between learned theology of the elite and religious expression of the laity.

d) To introduce students to an exciting period of intellectual growth and to study its impact on the doctrinal and institutional developments of the Church.

e) To be introduced to the work of a number of major Christian, Jewish, and Muslim medieval thinkers.

Objectives:

Candidates who will have attended all lectures, participated conscientiously in all classes and prepared well for tutorials will:

a) have a sound overview of the major developments of the medieval western Church

b) understand the importance of the Middle Ages for the development of the doctrines and institutions of the Western Church

c) understand the importance of studying the interactions between Christians, Jews and Muslims to gain an understanding of the history of medieval Europe, and the attitudes of Christians towards those they described as Pagans

d) understand the importance of the medieval encounter between Christians, Jews and Muslims for subsequent attitudes in Christianity, Judaism and Islam concerning the religious self in relationship to the religious other.

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Teaching: The course will be delivered through 16 lectures in Michaelmas, followed by 6 classes and 8 tutorials in Hilary.

Assessment is by three-hour written examination.

Lectures (Michaelmas Term)

1. Carolingian Church

Themes: Paganism (Saxons, Vikings, Magyars)

2. Carolingian Church

Theme: Role of Papacy

3. Muslims, Christians, and Jews in Iberia, 711-c. 1300

Themes: Conquest of Islam; Cordoban Caliphate; Convivencia; New Christian kingdoms; Almoravids and Almohads

4. Jews in Medieval Christian Society, C. 1000 - C. 1300

Themes: Demography; Centres of Judaism; Christian attitudes to Jews

5. Gregorian Reform

Themes: The year 1000; ‘Peace and Truce of God’; Purity and reform; Gregory VII; The Investiture Controversy

6. Monastic Reform

Themes: Hermits and the search for perfection; Bernard of Clairvaux; The Cistercian Order; Other monastic orders

7. Twelfth-century Renaissance: Monastic and cathedral schools

Themes: Learning and labour; Monastic libraries; Cathedral schools; Salerno, Bologna, Paris

8. Twelfth-century Renaissance: medieval humanism

Themes: Challenge of ratio (reason); issue of the Eucharist; John of Salisbury; Herrad of Hohenbourg

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9. Twelfth-century Renaissance: Anselm of Canterbury/Bec

10. Twelfth-century Renaissance: Peter Abelard

11. Universities of Paris and Oxford: Aquinas

12. Universities of Paris and Oxford: Duns Scotus and William of Ockham

Theme: Conciliarism

13. Averroes and Maimonides

14. Heresy

Themes: Cathars; Waldensians; Inquisitions

15. Friars

16. 1492: The Fall of Granada and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain

Classes (Hilary Term)

1. Benedictine monasticism; Cluny

Themes: The era of regula mixta; the Carolingians and the Rule of St Benedict; the St Gall Plan; Cluny and reform

2. Twelfth-century Renaissance: Study of the Bible:

Themes: Glossa ordinaria; School of Rashi; Christian Hebraists

3. Canon Law

Themes: Evolution of Gratian’s Decretum; Lateran IV and programme of Innocent III; Gregorian Decretals

4. Crusades:

Themes: Link to Reform movement; Pilgrimage; Holy war; Jews and Muslims

5. Heresy, mysticism, gender

6. Popular religion

Themes: Religion/religiosity; Christian lay piety; Jewish lay piety

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FACULTY OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGION

Final Honour School

Book List for Paper FHS 2302

Medieval Religions

GENERAL BACKGROUND

R. W. Southern The Making of the Middle Ages (1953, now pbk).R. W. Southern Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (Penguin

1980).Alexander Murray Reason and Society in the Middle Ages (1980).R Fletcher The conversion of Europe. From Paganism to Christianity, 371-

1386 AD (London, 1997R. McKitterick The Early Middle Ages 400 – 1000 (Short Oxford History of

Europe) (2001).D. Power, ed. The Central Middle Ages 950 – 1320 (Short Oxford History of

Europe) (2006).T. Reuter, ed. The New Cambridge Medieval History III: c. 900-c. 1024 (2000).D. Luscombe and J.S.C. Riley-Smith, eds.

The New Cambridge Medieval History IV: c. 1024-c. 1198 (2004).

D. Abulafia, ed., The New Cambridge Medieval History V: c. 1198-c. 1300 (1999).T.F.X. Noble and J.M.H. Smith, eds.

The Cambridge History of Christianity III: Early Medieval Christianities c. 600-1100  (2010)

M. Rubin and W. Simons, eds.

The Cambridge History of Christianity IV: Christianity in Western Europe c. 1100-c.1500

C. Robinson, ed. The New Cambridge History of Islam I: the Formation of the Islamic World Sixth to Eleventh Centuries (2010)

M. Fierro, ed., The New Cambridge History of Islam II: The Western Islamic World, Eleventh to Eighteenth Centuries (2010)

Rik van Nieuwenhove An Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge: CUP, 2012).*

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Extremely useful introduction. Gives a list of primary and secondary sources for each theologian

CAROLINGIAN CHURCH AND THE CONVERSION OF PAGANS

T. Reuter, ed., The Greatest Englishman. Essays on St Boniface and the church at Crediton (1980)

W. Levison, England and the Continent in the Eighth Century (1946) esp ch. 4 on Boniface, mission and church reform

J.M. Wallace-Hadrill The Frankish Church (1983)R. McKitterick The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms 789-895

(London, 1977)R. E. Sullivan Christian missionary activity in the early middle ages

(London, 1994)R. E. Sullivan ‘The Carolingian missionary and the pagan’, Speculum 28

(1953), 705-40I Wood The missionary life: saints and the evangelisation of Europe,

400-1050 (Harlow, 2001)I. Wood ‘Missionaries and the Christian frontier’, in W.Pohl, I.Wood

and H.Reimitz (eds.), The Transformation of Frontiers (2000), pp. 209-18

I. Wood ‘Christians and pagans in ninth-century Scandinavia’, in Sawyer et al., The Christianization of Scandinavia, ed. B Sawyer, et al. (1987), pp. 36-67

J.T. Palmer Anglo-Saxons in a Frankish World 690-900 (Turnhour, 2009)J C Russell, The Germanization of early medieval Christianity (1994)L C Duggan ‘“For force is not of God”? Compulsion and conversion from

Yahweh to Charlemagne’, Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages, ed. J. Muldoon (1999), pp. 49-62

R. M. Karras, ‘Pagan survivals and syncretism in the conversion of Saxony’, Catholic Historical Review 72 (1986), 553-72

BENEDICTINE MONASTICISM; CLUNY

C.H. Lawrence Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (2nd ed.,1989) [3rd ed., 2001

L. Millis Angelic Monks and Earthly Men. Monasticism and Its Meaning to Medieval Society (Woodbridge, UK, 1992)

J. Nelson ‘Medieval Monasticism’, in P. Linehan and J. Nelson, ed., The Medieval World (London, 2001), pp. 576-604

R McKitterick The Frankish Church and the Carolingian Reforms (London, 1977)

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J.M. Wallace-Hadrill The Frankish Church (Oxford, 1983)M. De Jong ‘Carolingian monasticism: the power of prayer’, in R

McKitterick (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History II, pp. 622-53

M De Jong ‘Charlemagne’s Church’, in J. Story, ed., Charlemagne: Empire and Society (Manchester, 2005)

S. Boynton Shaping a Monastic Identity: Liturgy and History at the Imperial Abbey of Farfa, 1000–1125 (Ithaca, 2006)

M. Claussen The Reform of the Frankish Church: Chrodegang of Metz and the Regula Canonicorum in the Eighth Century (Cambridge, 2004)

G. Constable, ed., The Abbey of Cluny: A Collection of Essays to Mark the Eleven-Hundredth Anniversary of its Foundation (Berlin, 2010)

B. Rosenwein To Be the Neighbor of Saint Peter: The Social Meaning of Cluny's Property, 909- 1049 (Ithaca, NY, 1989)

B. Rosenwein ‘Feudal War and Monastic Peace: Cluniac Liturgy as Ritual Aggression’, Viator 2 (1971), 129-57

L. Coon Dark Age Bodies: Gender and Monastic Practice in the Early Medieval West (Philadelphia, 2011)

N. Hunt, ed. Cluniac Monasticism in the Central Middle Ages (1971)W. Horn and E Born The Plan of St. Gall: A Study of the Architecture and Economy

of, and Life in a Paradigmatic Carolingian Monastery, 3 vols (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1979)

R. Sullivan ‘What was Carolingian Monasticism? The Plan of Saint Gall and the History of Monasticism’, in A. Murray, ed., After Rome’s Fall: Narrators and Sources of Early Medieval History, Essays Presented to Walter Goffart (Toronto, 1998), pp. 251-87

James G. Clark: The Benedictines in the Middle Ages (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2011).

MUSLIMS, CHRISTIANS AND JEWS IN IBERIA, 711-c. 1300

O. R. Constable Medieval Iberia. Readings from Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources (2nd edn 2012).

Jarbel Rodriguez, ed. Muslim and Christian contact in the Middle Ages (2015).Hugh Kennedy Muslim Spain and Portugal: a political history of al-Andalus

(1996).Hugh Kennedy ‘The Muslims in Europe’, The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol.

II, ed. R. McKitterick (1995), pp. 249-71.Hugh Kennedy ‘Sicily and al-Andalus under Muslim Rule’, The New Cambridge

Medieval History, vol. III, ed. T. Reuter (2000), pp. 646-669.Hugh Kennedy ‘Muslim Spain and Portugal: al-Andalus and its neighbours’, The New

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Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 4.1, ed. D. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith (2004), pp. 599-622.

B. Lewis The Jews of Islam (1984).

V.B. Mann, T.F. Glick, J. D. Dodds, eds.,

Convivencia: Jews, Muslims, and Christians in medieval Spain (1992).

J.D. Dodds, M.R. Menocal, A.K. Balbale

The Arts of intimacy. Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the making of Castilian culture (2008).

B. Ye’or The Dhimmi (1985).

Simon Barton ‘Spain in the eleventh century’, The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 4.2, ed. D. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith (2004), pp. 154-90.

R. Fletcher The Quest for El Cid (1989 pbk)Peter Linehan ‘Spain in the twelfth century’, The New Cambridge Medieval History,

vol. 4.2, ed. D. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith, (2004), pp. 475-509.Joseph F. O'Callaghan Reconquest and crusade in medieval Spain (2003).Lucy K. Pick Conflict and coexistence. Archbishop Rodrigo and the Muslims and

Jews of medieval Spain (2004).J. Ray The Sephardic frontier: the reconquista and the Jewish community

in medieval Iberia (2006).James M. Powell, ed. Muslims under Latin Rule, 1100-1300 (1990).

JEWS IN MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN SOCIETY, c. 1000 - c. 1300

Robert Chazan, ed. Church, State and Jew in the Middle Ages (1980).Jacob Katz Exclusiveness & Tolerance. Jewish-Gentile relations in medieval and

modern times (1961).Robert Chazan ‘The Jews in Europe and the Medeterranean Basin’, The New

Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 4, ed. D. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith (2004), pp. 623-57.

Anna Sapir Abulafia Christian-Jewish Relations, 1000-1300 (2011 pbk).Christoph Cluse, ed. The Jews of Europe in the Middle Ages … (2004).Kenneth R. Stow Alienated Minority. The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe (1992).David Malkiel Reconstructing Ashkenaz. The human face of Franco-German Jewry,

1000-1250 (2009).Anna Sapir Abulafia, ed.

Religious violence between Christians and Jews. Medieval roots, modern perspectives (2002)

Sarah Rees-Jones and Sethina Watson, eds

Christians and Jews in Angevin England. The York Massacre of 1190, narratives and contexts (2013).

William Chester Jordan

The French monarchy and the Jews. From Philip Augustus to the last Capetians (1989).

Jeremy Cohen Living Letters of the Law. Ideas of the jew in Medieval Christianity (1999).

Israel Jacob Yuval Two nations in your womb. Perceptions of Jews and Christians in late

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antiquity and the middle ages (tr. B. Harshav, J. Chapman 2006).Anna Sapir Abulafia Christians and Jews in the Twelfth-century Renaissance (1995; 2014

pbk).Jeremy Cohen The Friars and the Jews. The evolution of medieval anti-Judaism

(1982).Robert Chazan Daggers of faith. Thirteenth-century missionizing and Jewish response

(1989).Irven Resnick Marks of distinction. Christian Perceptions of Jews in the High Middle

Ages. (2012).

GREGORIAN REFORM

Walter Ullmann

A Short History of the Papacy in the Middle Ages 2nd edn with a new introd. By George Garnett (2002).

K. G. Cushing Reform and the papacy in the eleventh century (2005).J, Barrow ‘Religion’, in The Central Middle Ages, ed. D. Power (2006), 121-48K. J. Cushing Reform and the Papacy in the Eleventh Century (Manchester, 2005) chap

4 ‘Reform and the Transformation of the Papacy’I. S. Robinson 'Gregory VII and the Soldiers of Christ', History 58 (1973), pp. 169-92.I. S. Robinson 'Gregory VII and the Soldiers of Christ', History 63 (1978), pp. 1-22.I. S. Robinson The Papacy 1073-1198 (1990).H. E. J. Cowdrey

Pope Gregory VII: 1073-85 (1998).

H. E. J. Cowdrey

The Register of Pope Gregory VII 1073-1085. An English translation (OUP 2002).

B. Tierney (ed. and tr.)

The Crisis of church and state, 1050-1300. With selected documents, (1964).

H.E.J. Cowdrey

‘The Peace of God and the Truce of God’, Past and Present 46 (1970), 42-67

H.E.J. Cowdrey

‘The structure of the Church, 1024-1073’, The New Cambridge Medieval History IV (c.1024–c.1198), ed. D. Luscombe and J. Riley-Smith (2 vols, 2004), i, 229-67

T.N. Bisson The Organized Peace in Southern France and Catalonia, c.1140 – c.1233’, American Historical Review 82 (1977), 290-311

U. Blumenthal

The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century (Philadelphia, 1988)

M. Miller Clothing the Clergy: Virtue and Power in Medieval Europe c. 800-1200 (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2014)

C. Morris The Papal Monarchy: The Western Church 1050-1250 (1988)H. Teunis ‘Negotiating secular and ecclesiastical power in the Central Middle

Ages: a historiographical introduction’, Negotiating Secular and Ecclesiastical Power, eds H. Teunis, A. Wareham, and A.-J.A. Bijsterveld (1999), 1-16 [a useful survey of the historiography of lay-eccl. relations]

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MONASTIC REFORM IN LONG TWELFTH CENTURY (c. 1050 – c. 1250)

Henrietta Leyser Hermits and the New Monasticism. A study of religious communities in western Europe (1984).

C. H. Lawrence Medieval Monasticism, forms of religious life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages, 4th edn. (2015).

G. Constable The Reformation of the Twelfth Century (1996).G. Constable Three Studies in Medieval Religious and Social Thought (1995).J.H. Van Engen ‘The “crisis of Cenobitism” reconsidered: Benedictine

monasticism in the years 1050-1150’, Speculum 61 (1986) pp. 269-304.

J. Leclercq The love of learning and the desire for God, trsl. C. Misrahi, 2nd edn. (1974).

Martha G. Newman The Boundaries of Charity. Cistercian culture and ecclesiastical reform, 1098-1180 (1996).

Emilia Jamroziak The Cistercian order in medieval Europe, 1090-1500 (2013).G.R. Evans The Mind of St. Bernard of Clairvaux (1983).G.R. Evans Bernard of Clairvaux . Great medieval Thinkers (2000).Henry Mayr-Harting 'Two Abbots in Politics: Wala of Corbie and Bernard of

Clairvaux', Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. 40 (1990), pp. 217-37.W.J. Sheils and D. Wood (eds.)

Women in the Church (1990)

P.D. Johnson Equal in monastic profession: religious women in medieval France (1991).

Fiona J. Griffiths The Garden of Delights. Reform and Renaissance for women in the twelfth century (2007).

Christopher Brooke and Wim Swann

The Monastic World 1000-1300 (1974).

Janet Burton and Julie Kerr

The Cistercians in the Middle Ages (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer, 2011)

TWELFTH-CENTURY RENAISSANCE

R. W. Southern Medieval Humanism and other studies (1970).R. W. Southern Scholastic humanism and the Unification of Europe, Volume

1: Foundations (1995); Volume 2: The Heroic Age (2001).R.L. Benson and G. Constable with C.D. Lanhan, eds

Renaissance and renewal in the twelfth century (1982).

T.F.X. Noble and J. Van Engen, eds.

European Transformations. The long twelfth century (2012).

R.N. Swanson The Twelfth-century Renaissance (1999 pbk).P. Dronke, ed. A History of Twelfth Century Western Philosophy (1988).

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M. Haren Medieval Thought The western intellectual tradition from Antiquity to the thirteenth century 2nd edn. (1992).

E. Gilson History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages (1955).

G.R. Evans Philosophy and Theology in the Middle Ages (1993).Anna Sapir Abulafia Christians and Jews in the Twelfth-century Renaissance (1995;

2014 pbk).Anna Sapir Abulafia ‘Intellectual and cultural creativity’, D. Powers, The Central

Middle Ages (2006), pp. 149-77, 234-7.Margaret Gibson Lanfranc of Bec (1978).Colin Morris The Discovery of the individual 1050-1200 (SPCK, 1972,

pbk).Fiona J. Griffiths The Garden of delights. Reform and Renaissance for women in

the twelfth century (2007).Alister McGrath Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine

of Justification (1986), vol . 1.J. Pelikan The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of

Doctrine, vol. 3: The Growth of medieval theology (600-1300) (1978 pbk).

S.C. Ferruolo, The origins of the university. The schools of Paris and their critics 1100-1215 (1985).

Michael Wilks, ed. The World of John of Salisbury (1984).M. Colish Peter Lombard 2 vols (1993).M. Colish Studies in Scholasticism (2006).Melve, Leidulf, ‘The Revolt of the Medievalists’: Directions in Recent

Research on the Twelfth-Century Renaissance, Journal of Medieval History (2006), Vol.32/3, 231-252.

R. N. Swanson, The Twelfth-Century Renaissance (Manchester, Eng., 1999).

Caroline Walker Bynum, ‘Did the twelfth century discover the individual?’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 31 (1980), 1-17

ANSELM

Brian Davies and G.R. Evans, eds

Anselm of Canterbury, The Major works (2008 pbk).

J. Hopkins A Companion to the Study of Anselm (1992).Giles E.M Gasper Anselm of Canterbury and his Theological Inheritance (Ashgate, 2004)D. Deme The Christology of Anselm of Canterbury (Ashgate, 2003)D.S. Hogg Anselm of Canterbury (Ashgate, 2004)

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B. Ward Anselm of Canterbury: Life and Legacy (SPCK, 2009)

Rik van Nieuwenhove

, An Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge: CUP, 2012)

G.R. Evans Anselm (1989).R.W. Southern Saint Anselm: A Portrait in a Landscape (1990).S. Visser, T. Williams

Anselm. Great Medieval Thinkers (2008).

Anna Sapir Abulafia

“St. Anselm and those outside the Church’, Faith and unity: Christian political experience, D. Loades and K. Walsh, Studies in Church History, Subsidia 6 (1990), pp. 11-37, repr. in Sapir Abulafia, Christians and Jews in Dispute, article IV.

ABELARD

J.T. Muckle, tr. The Story of Abelard’s adversities (1992 pbk).C. Mews The Lost love letters of Heloise and Abelard … (2001 pbk).D. Luscombe The School of Peter Abelard (1969).J. Marenbon The Philosophy of Peter Abelard (1997).M.T. Clanchy Abelard. A medieval life (1997).C.J. Mews Abelard and his legacy (2001).Anna Sapir Abulafia

‘Intentio recta an erronea? Peter Abelard’s views on Judaism and the Jews’, repr. in Sapir Abulafia, Christians and Jews in Dispute, article XIII.

BIBLE

Richard Marsden and E. Ann Matter, eds

T h e N e w C a m b r i d g e H i s t o r y o f t h e B i b l e f r o m 6 0 0 t o 1 4 5 0 ( 2 0 1 2 ) .

Beryl Smalley T h e S t u d y o f t h e B i b l e i n t h e M i d d l e A g e s ( 3 r d e d n . 1 9 8 3 ) .

J. Dammen McAuliffe, B.D. Walfish, J.W. Goering

With Reverence for the Word. Medieval Scriptural Exegesis in Judaism, Christianity and Islam (2003).

Lesley Smith The Glossa Ordinaria: the making of a medieval Bible commentary (2009).

Lesley Smith Masters of the Sacred Page: Theology in the Latin West to 1274, The Medieval Book, 2 (2001).

Deborah L. Goodwin “Take hold of the Robe of a Jew”. Herbert of Bosham’s Christian Hebraism (2006).

Eva De Visscher Reading the Rabbis. Christian Hebraism in the works of Herbert of Bosham (2014).

Rebecca Moore Jews and Christians in the life and thought of Hugh of St.

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Victor (1998).Avraham Grossman Rashi, tr. J. Linsider (2012).Devorah Schoenfield Isaac on Jewish & Christian altars. Polemic and exegesis in

Rashi and the Glossa Ordinaria (2013).Robert A. Harris Discerning parallelism : a study in northern French

medieval Jewish biblical exegesis (2004).

UNIVERSITIES OF PARIS AND OXFORD until c. 1350

J. Catto, ed. The Early Oxford Schools in The History of Oxford University, ed. T.A.R. Evans, volume 1 (1984).

H. de Ridder-Symoens, ed.

Universities in the Middle Ages , vol. 1 of A History of the University in Europe, ed. W. Rüegg et al. (1992).

O. Pedersen The First universities. Studium Generale and the origins of University education in Europe (1997).

N. Kretzmann, A. Kenny and J. Pinborg (eds.)

The Cambridge History of Later Medieval Philosophy (1982).

John van Engen, ed. Learning institutionalized. Teaching in the medieval university (2000).

Southern, R. W ‘The Changing role of universities in medieval Europe’, Historical Research 60 (1987), 133-146

Thorndike, Lynn University Records and Life in the Middle Ages (New York, 1944; repr. New York, 1975)*

Wei, Ian P. 'From Twelfth-Century Schools to Thirteenth-Century Universities: The Disappearance of Biographical and Autobiographical Representations of Scholars', Speculum, 86, (2011), 42-78.*

Wei, Ian P. Intellectual Culture in Medieval Paris: Theologians and the University, c.1100–1330 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012)

AQUINAS

Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae. Latin text, English Tration, commentaries, Blackfriars edn., (1964-)

B. Davies The Thought of Thomas Aquinas (1992).Anthony Kenny Aquinas ('Past Masters' series, 1980).Steven C. Boguslawski, OP

Thomas Aquinas on the Jews: insights into his commentary on Romans 9-11 (2008 pbk).

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Torrell, J.-P. Saint Thomas Aquinas, vol. 1: The Person in his Work (1996).S . Tu g we l l (e d . )

A lb e rt an d T h om as : Se le ct ed W ri t i n gs (1 9 8 8 ) .

John Y.B. Hood Aquinas and the Jews (1995)Rik van Nieuwenhove,

An Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge: CUP, 2012)

A. Murray ‘Universities: Friend or Foe’ in Prayer and Thought in Monastic Tradition: Essays in Honour of Benedicta Ward SLG , ed. Santha Bhattacharji, Rowan Williams and Dominic Mattos, (Bloomsbury, 2014), pp. 271-288

B. Davies and E Stump, eds.

Oxford Handbook on Aquinas (New York: Oxford : Oxford University Press 2012), esp. chapter by Michael Gorman.

DUNS SCOTUS

R. Cross Duns Scotus (1999)J. Ryan and B. Bonansea John Duns Scotus, 1265-1965 (1965).Duns Scotus Philosophical Writings (ed. and trans. A. Wolter,

1962).

John Duns Scotus God and Creatures: The Quodlibetal Questions (trans. F.Alluntis and A. Wolter, 1975).

T. William The Cambridge Companion to Duns Scotus (2003)A Wolter The Philosophical Theology of John Duns Scotus (1990)A Wolter, ed. Duns Scotus on the Will and Morality (1986).Turner, Denys, Faith, Reason and the Existence of God 2004 |

Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, Chapter 7van Nieuwenhove, Rik An Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge:

CUP, 2012Vos Veldhuis A, Dekker E, de Bok N.W. and Beck A.J.

Duns Scotus on Divine Love (Ashgate, 2003).

WILLIAM OCKHAM

William of Ockham Philosophical Writings (ed. and trans.) P. Boehner (1957)William of Ockham Quodlibetal Questions (trans. A. Freddoso 1991).P. Spade The Cambridge Companion to Ockham (1999).M. Adams William Ockham (1987).

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P. Boehner Collected Articles on Ockham (1958).Rik van Nieuwenhove

, An Introduction to Medieval Theology (Cambridge: CUP, 2012)

AVERROES AND MAIMONIDES

Harry A. Wolfson Studies in the history of Philosophy and religion (1973).Oliver Leaman Averroes and his philosophy (1998).Oliver Leaman An Introduction to Classical Islamic Philosophy (2nd edn,

2002).Sara Stroumsa Maimonides in His World: Portrait of a Mediterranean

Thinker (2011).Oliver Leaman Moses Maimonides (1987).Daniel H. Frank and Oliver Leaman

The Cambridge Companion to Medieval Jewish Philosophy (2003).

Colette Sirat A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages (1985).Menachem Kellner Maimonides on Judaism and the Jewish People (1991).

CANON LAW: GRATIAN, LATERAN IV (1215) AND THE DECRETALS (1234).

J. A. Brundage

Medieval Canon Law (1995).

Anders Winroth

The Making of Gratian’s Decretum (2000).

J. Gilchrist ‘Canon law aspects of the 11th-century Gregorian Reform programme’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 13 (1962), pp. 21-38.

J. Gilchrist ‘The perception of Jews in the Canon Law in the period of the first two Crusades’, Jewish History 3 (1988), pp. 9-24.

N. Tanner, tr. Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council' in Decrees of theEcumenical Councils (1990) vol. 1, pp. 226-71.

S. Kuttner Studies in the history of medieval canon Law (1990).S. Kuttner Gratian and the schools of law, 1140-1234 (1983).S. Kuttner Medieval councils, decretals and collections of canon law, 2nd revised edn.

(1992).K. Pennington

Popes, canonists and texts, 1150-1500 (1993).

J. Sayers Innocent III: leader of Europe, 1198-1216 (1994, pbk).J. C. Moore, Pope Innocent III (2009).J.A. Watt The Theory of papal monarchy in the thirteenth century (1965).

CRUSADES UNTIL THE FALL of ACRE (1291)

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A.V. Murray The Crusades. An Encyclopedia, 4 volumes (2006).J. Riley-Smith, ed. The Atlas of the Crusades (1991).S.J. Allen and E. Amt

The Crusades. A reader (2014).

C. Erdmann The origin of the idea of crusade (1977).F.H. Russell The Just war in the Middle Ages (1975).J.A. Brundage Medieval canon law and the crusader (1969).J.A. Brundage The Crusades, holy war and canon law (1991).P.W. Edbury, ed. Crusade and Settlement (1985) [collection of very useful articles, see

esp. those by Gilchrist, Housley, Constable, Sapir Abulafia.P.J. Cole The Preaching of the crusades to the Holy Land, 1095-1270 (1991).J. France The Crusades and the expansion of Catholic Christendom (2005)C. Tyerman God’s War. A new history of the Crusades (2006).S.B. Edgington & S. Lambert, eds.

Gendering the Crusades (2001).

J. Riley-Smith The First Crusade and the idea of crusading (1986).J. Riley-Smith ‘Crusading as an act of love’, History 65 (1980), pp. 177-192.M. Bull Knightly, piety and lay response to the First Crusade: the Limousin and

Gascony, c. 970-c1130 (1993).J. Rubenstein Armies of heaven. The First Crusade and the quest for the Apocalypse

(2011).J. Phillips The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom (2007).S. Eidelberg, tr. The Jews and the Crusaders. The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and

Second Crusades (1977).A. Sapir Abulafia ‘Hebrew Sources’ and ‘Jews and the Crusades’, The Crusades. An

Encyclopedia, ed. A.V. Murray, vol. 2 (2006), pp. 561-3, 679-83.A. Sapir Abulafia ‘Invectives against Christianity in the Hebrew Chronicles of the First

Crusade’, Crusade and Settlement, ed. P. W. Edbury, pp. 66-72, repr. in Sapir Abulafia, Christians and Jews in Dispute, article XVIII.

R. Chazan European Jewry and the First Crusade (1987).J. Cohen Sanctifying the Name of God. Jewish Martyrs and memories of the First

Crusade (2004).B.Z. Kedar Crusade and mission. European approaches toward the Muslims

(1984).D.S. Richards, tr. The Rare and excellent history of Saladin by Bahā’ al-Dīn Ibn Shaddād

(2002 pbk).J. Tolan Saracens: Islam in the medieval European imagination (2002).Jarbel Rodriguez, ed.

Muslim and Christian contact in the Middle Ages (2015).

N. Housley Contesting the Crusades (2006).Marcus Bull Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade: The

Limousin and Gascony c.970–c.1130 (Oxford, 1993).

Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes (New York: Schocken Press, 1985).

Carol Hillebrand The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (New York: Routledge, 1999; 3rd

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edn Edinburgh UP, 2010)

HERESY IN THE TWELFTH AND THIRTEENTH CENTURIES

R.I. Moore, tr. The Birth of popular heresy (1975).W.L. Wakefield and A.P. Evans

Heresies of the High Middle Ages, trsl., (1969).

C. Léglu, R. Rist, C. Taylor, eds

The Cathars and the Albigensian Crusade: A Sourcebook (2013).

R. I. Moore The Origins of European Dissent (1977).R. I. Moore The Formation of a Persecuting Society (1987, pbk 1990)R. I. Moore The War on heresy. Faith and power in medieval Europe

(2012)M. D. Lambert The Cathars (1998).G. Audisio The Waldensian dissent. Persecution and survival, c. 1170-

c.1570 (1999)

E. Cameron The Waldenses: Rejections of Holy Church in Medieval Europe (2000)

B. Hamilton The Medieval inquisition (1982)J. Sumption The Albigensian Crusade (1978)

MYSTICISM, HERESY, GENDER

Sabrina Flanagan Hildegard of Bingen: A Visionary Life (1989, pbk).Barbara Newman Sister of Wisdom: Hildegard’s Theology of the Feminine (1987).Anne L. Clarke Elizabeth of Schönau: A Twelfth-Century Visionary (1992).Caroline Walker Bynum

Jesus as Mother: Studies in the Spirituality of the High Middle Ages (1982, pbk).

Juliette Dor, Lesley Johnson and Jocelyn Wogan-Browne, eds

New trends in feminine spirituality: the holy women of Liege and their impact (1999).

Saskia Murk-Jansen Brides in the desert: the spirituality of the Beguines (1998).Caroline Walker Bynum,

Crown and Veil: Female Monasticism from the Fifth to the Fifteenth Centuries (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).

Barbara Newman, ed.,

Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World (Berkeley: University of California, 1998).

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Elizabeth Petroff, Body and Soul: Essays on Medieval Women and Mysticism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994).

Sara S. Poor, Mechthild of Madgeburg and Her Book: Gender and the Making of Textual Authority, Middle Ages Series (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004).

Bernard McGinn, The Presence of God: A History of Western Mysticism, 4 volumes to date (New York: 1991-2005).  esp. The Growth of Mysticism: 500 to 1200 A.D. (1996); The Flowering of Mysticism: Men and Women in New Mysticism, 1200-1350 (1998). Varieties of Religious Experience (2005)

Bernard McGinn, The Mystical Theology of Meister Eckhart: The Man from Whom God Hid Nothing, Edward Cadbury Lectures 2000-2001 (New York: Herder & Herder / Crossroad, 2001).

Bernard McGinn, ed., Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics (New York: Continuum, 1994).

Bernard McGinn, “The Changing Shape of Late Medieval Mysticism,” Church History 65 (1996) 197-219.

Oliver Davies, God Within: The Mystical Tradition of Northern Europe (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2006).

A. Minnis, and R. Voaden , (eds.),

Medieval Holy Women in the Christian Tradition, c. 1100- c.1500 (Turnhout: Brepols, 2010).

Marguerite Porete The Mirror of Simple Souls Ed E. Babinksky (SPCK, 1993)Caroline Walker Bynum

Holy Feast Holy Fast (University of California Press, 1988)

FRIARS IN THE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURY

R.B. Brooke The Coming of the Friars (1975).R.B. Brooke Early Franciscan Government: from Elias to Bonaventure (1959).R.B. Brooke The Image of St Francis: responses to sainthood in the thirteenth century

(2006).C. Burr Spiritual Franciscans: from protest to persecution in the century after Saint

Francis (2001).C.H. Lawrence

The Friars. The Impact of the early mendicant movement on western society (1994).

J. Cohen The Friars and the Jews. The evolution of medieval anti-Judaism (1982).L. Little Religious poverty and the profit economy in medieval Europe (1978).M.H. Vicaire St Dominic and his times (1964).David Jones, tr.

Friars’ Tales. Thirteenth-century Exempla from the British Isles (2011 pbk).

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POPULAR RELIGION 1000 - 1300

A. Murray 'Confession Before 1215', Trans. Royal Hist. Soc. (1993), pp. 51-81.

J. Sumption Pilgrimage, an image of mediaeval religion (1975; 2002 pbk).M. Rubin 'What did the Eucharist Mean to thirteeth-century villagers?' in

Thirteenth-Century England 4 (1992), pp. 47-55 + 14 plates.M. Rubin Corpus Christi, The Eucharist in Late Medieval Culture (1991).M. Rubin Mother of God: A history of the Virgin Mary (2009)Penny Schine Gold The Lady and the virgin. Image, attitude, and experience in twelfth-

century France (1985).C.N.L. Brooke and R. B. Brooke

Popular religion in the Middle Ages, Western Europe 1000-1300 (1984).

B. Ward Miracles and the medieval mind (1982).L. Fine, ed. Judaism in practice from the Middle Ages through the early modern

period (2001).Elisheva Baumgarten

Mothers and children. Jewish Family Life in medieval Europe (2004 pbk).

Elisheva Baumgarten

Practicing Piety in medieval Ashkenaz. Men, women and everyday religious observance (2014).

R.N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c.1215-c.1515, Cambridge Medieval Textbooks (New York:  Cambridge University Press, 1995).

1492: THE FALL OF GRANADA AND THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS FROM SPAIN

L.P. Harvey

Islamic Spain, 1250-1500 (1992 pbk).

J. Edwards ‘The Conversos: a theological approach’, Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 62 (1985), pp. 39-49.

J. Edwards, ed.

The Jews in Christian Europe, 1400-1700 (1991 pbk).

J. Edwards ‘Religious belief and social conformity: the “Converso” problem in late-medieval Cordoba’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 31 (1981), pp. 115-28.

David Abulafia

Spain and 1492: unity and uniformity under Ferdinand and Isabella Headstart History Papers (1992).

N. Roth Conversos, the Inquisition and the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, (1995).

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B. Gampel Crisis and creativity in the Sephardic world 1391-1648 (1997).

H. Kamen ‘The Mediterranean and the expulsion of Spanish Jews’, Past and Present, 119 (1988), pp. 3-55.

H. Kamen The Spanish Inquisition : A Historical Revision 4th edn (2014).Norman Roth

Conversos, Inquisition, and the Expulsion of the Jews from Spain(2002).

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