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Robotics Semester Exam Use scan tron. Back of scan tron can be used for extra credit.

1. The above program is missing something to do stay within the circle. What is it missing?a. A segment that turns it at the endb. A loop set on infinityc. A segment that turns it at the end and a loop set on infinityd. The second block should be set on reflection and not color

2. The above program will cause the robot to do the following when there is NOT any red items available:a. Turn to the right, then go straight for three rotations and repeatb. Turn to the left, then stop at something red and go straight for three rotations and repeat.c. Turn to the right onlyd. Turn to the left only

3. The above program is for Ace’s Roadmap. He wants the robot to go straight for about 4 – 5 inches, then a turn to the right and lower the arm down around the block. Each time he tests the robot it is flashing a light and stops. What is the problem with this program?

a. The robot is trying to go left, not rightb. The robot will go about 10 inches straight before it tries to turnc. The robot cannot do two rotations of the armd. The second block is not a turn


4. The above program has been designed to program for following a line. The matt shows a reflected light reading of 80 and the tape shows a reading of 4. What, if any, problems do you see with this program?

a. The calculation is incorrect for the reflected light readingb. This program needs to be in a loop set to infinityc. The blocks in the switch are move steer and should be move tankd. B and c are incorrect

Question 5 and 6 use the above program.5. The above program is an attempt to program

a. Follow the lineb. Stay within a circlec. Robospeller – the letter Kd. Triangle

6. The above program is being used in a very large test area. Red tape is placed on the matt and the robot is pointed in its direction. The robot is traveling a short straight distance only. Why?

a. Since the test area is very large the robot cannot do this program.b. Since the robot is set on rotations and is going backward in the third block the robot is confused

and will just stopc. Since the red line is further than a distance of one rotation it hasn’t seen a red line so it cannot go

on to the block after the wait blockd. Most likely the ports are incorrect for the 3rd and 4th blocks


7. The above block has a check area and an x area. Name this block and identify what is significant about those two areas.

a. This is a switch block and the check area will have a command to do when the reflected light is greater or equal to 30 and the x area will be done when the reflected light is less than 30.

b. This is a loop block and the check area is what will be done on the first use of the block and the x area is what will be done second

c. This is a wait block and when a reflected light reading is greater than 30 the robot will not wait but will do what is in that box

d. This is a switch block and the check area is what will happen when the reflected light is less than 30 and the x area is what it will do when it is greater or equal to 30

8. The above program area can help identify a problem with a. Why something isn’t working if the motor or sensor is in the wrong portb. Why something isn’t going far enoughc. Why the robot isn’t turning tight enoughd. Why the robot isn’t going in reverse


9. The above two programs will do the following:a. The left one will go right for one rotation and the right one will go left for one rotationb. The left one will go left for one rotation and the right one will go right for one rotationc. They will both go right for one rotationd. They will both go left for one rotation

10. The above program has four programming blocks that have something in common.a. they are all motors and cause robot motionb. they are all sensors and take in input from the environmentc. they are all very different because they are connected to different portsd. they are all color sensors

11.If the current in a portable radio is 0.4 amperes, and the resistance of the circuit is 30.0 ohms, what is the voltage provided by the radio’s battery?a. 12 volts b. 0.01 volts c. 30.4 volts d. 75 volts

12. Unbalanced forces can make an object accelerate by _____.a. changing its direction c. both a and bb. changing its speed d. neither a nor b

13. A ball is sitting at the top of a ramp. As the ball rolls down the ramp, the potential energy of the ball decreases. What happens to the potential energy as the ball moves?a. It is lost as gravitational energy.b. It is converted to kinetic energy.c. It is destroyed as the ball moves.d. It is used to make the ball slow down.

14. Which term describes potential energy?a. stored energy b. future energy c. kinetic energy d. invisible energy


15. When a pendulum is released, it swings back and forth. It will continue moving without any additional push until it is slowed by friction from the air around it. This illustration shows three positions of a pendulum during its swing.

At which point does the pendulum weight have the greatest amount of mechanical energy?

a. Position 1b. Position 2c. Position 3d. Mechanical energy does not change.

16. What is the unit of force in the metric system?a. joule b. kilogram c. newton d. pound

17. The unit of force is ____.a. the joule b. the hertz c. m/s d. the newton

18. Which of these is evidence that a force has acted on an object?a. change in the object’s massb. a stationary object lying on the groundc. change in the direction of the object’s motiond. the object moving in a straight line at constant velocity

19. The unit used for measuring electric resistance is the _____.a. volt b. ohm c. ampere d. degree

20. The law of conservation of energy describes how the amount of energy can change in a closed system. Which of these statements correctly describes this law?a. The amount of kinetic energy in a system is a constant value.b. Energy can be converted from one form into another, but it cannot be destroyed.c. An object can have potential energy or kinetic energy, but not both at the same

time.d. The amount of energy created when an object moves is equal to the energy

destroyed when it stops moving.21. In what direction does gravity pull all objects on Earth?

a. toward your feet c. toward the North Poleb. toward Earth’s center d. toward the South Pole

22. Which of these statements is true according to the law of conservation of energy?

a. Energy can be created. c. Energy can change forms.b. Energy can be destroyed. d. Energy can change into mass.


23. A skater slowing as she slides across the ice is an example of _____.a. friction c. massb. inertia d. momentum

24. Imaging that a chair on the floor experiences two horizontal forces. One force measures 200 N and the other force measures –200 N. Which of the following statements describes what is happening to the object?a. The object is moving.b. The object is not moving.c. The object’s motion is changing.d. The object’s motion is not changing.

25. Forces that are equal in size but opposite in direction are ____.a. net forces c. balanced forcesb. inertial forces d. frictional forces

26. The upward force on an object falling through the air is ____.a. gravity c. inertiab. terminal velocity d. air resistance

27. A 300-N force acts on a 25-kg object. The acceleration of the object is ____.a. 300 m/s2 b. 12 m/s2 c. 25 m/s2 d. 7,500 m/s2

28. What is the gravitational force acting on an object that has a mass of 10.0 kg?a. 0.2 kg·m/s2 b. 9.8 kg·m/s2 c. 10.0 kg·m/s2 d. 98.0 kg·m/s2

29. The force that opposes motion is ____.a. an unbalanced force c. frictionb. a balanced force d. an accelerating force

30. When a pendulum is released, it swings back and forth. It will continue moving without any additional push until it is slowed by friction from the air around it. This illustration demonstrates three positions of a pendulum during its swing.

At which point does the pendulum weight have the greatest amount of potential energy?a. Position 1b. Position 2c. Position 3d. Gravitational potential energy does not change.

31. Which of these is an example of the conversion of gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy?a. a person running on a level trackb. an apple falling from a tree to the groundc. a windup spring making a toy car move across the floord. a rubber band being stretched to twice its normal length

32. In every energy transformation, some energy is always “lost” as ____ energy.a. chemical b. radiant c. electrical d. thermal


33. Matthew is trying to push a large box across the gym. Although Matthew is exerting a force, the box does not move. In the following picture, the arrow represents the force Matthew exerted on the box.

What keeps the box from moving even though Matthew is pushing on it?a. The normal force is pushing against Matthew’s force.b. The force of gravity is opposed to the force exerted by Matthew.c. The equal and opposite force of friction prevents the box from moving.d. The force exerted by Matthew on the box is not in the right direction to move the

box.34. Mechanical energy is the sum of two types of energy—kinetic energy and potential energy. Which of the

following is an example of an object that has kinetic energy?a. a snail crawling across a leafb. a computer monitor sitting on a deskc. a tightly wound spring in a windup toyd. a roller coaster car just before it goes downhill

35. A simple circuit containing a light switch in the “on” position is a(n) _____ circuit.a. open b. closed c. parallel d. series

36. Which of the following correctly states Ohm’s Law?a. voltage = current x resistance c. resistance = voltage x currentb. voltage = current / resistance d. resistance = voltage + current

37. In the figure shown, how much current flows in circuit 2?a. 60 amperes b. 6.67 amperes c. 0.15 amperes d. 40 amperes

38. According to Newton’s second law, one factor in determining the force of an object is its mass. Which of the following is the other factor that describes force? a. acceleration b. gravity c. inertia d. Weight


39. The statements below describe four airplanes that have identical masses. Which airplane has the greatest amount of gravitational potential energy?a. an airplane traveling at 700 kilometers per hour (km/h) at an altitude of 3,000

metersb. an airplane traveling at 400 km/h at an altitude of 5,000 metersc. an airplane traveling at 600 km/h at an altitude of 5,000 metersd. an airplane traveling at 350 km/h at an altitude of 6,000 meters

40. Energy is the ability to cause what?a. change b. force c. mass d. Speed

41. For the first robots, an important invention was thea. invention of electricity b. invention of the punch cardc. invention of gears and axles d. invention of microchips

42. A particular segment of culture made a huge contribution to the popularization of the term robot.a. universities b. engineersc. government d. theater

43. An early robot helped carry out tasks that were dangerous for humans. It was the _______.a. Stanford cart b. AIBOc. the loom d. Stanford arm

44. Many robots have surpassed human skill. One early robot was able to beat a very skilled human in _________.a. chess b. Pokerc. mathematics d. billiards

45. In the beginning of the automata, many devices were powered by _______________.a. electricity b. candlesc. punch cards d. moving water

Optional extra credit questions. Do one or both to replace a question above. Each represents approximately 2%. Partial credit is possible.

A. Explain what is most important about how to prepare an xy scatter plot. Draw one and interpret the data in a reflection/analysis statement.

B. Describe in detail three programming pitfalls, how you can recognize the source of the problems and how to fix each of them.

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