week 11 tutorial modifiers

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    Misplaced & DanglingMisplaced & Dangling

    ModifiersModifiers

    English Skills for Academic StudiesEnglish Skills for Academic Studies

    John LanganJohn Langan

    (pp 331-339)(pp 331-339)

    Sentence SkillsSentence Skills

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    What is a modifier?ModifiersModifiers

    A modifier is a word or a group of wordsthat give additional information about

    another word, often by describing or

    classifying it, or by restricting its meaning.

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    When building a sentence, avoid needless

    separation of related parts of the

    sentence.

    Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced Modifiers

    A misplaced modifiermisplaced modifieris positioned in a

    sentence so that it is unclear which word,phrase, or clause is being modified.

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    Modifiers such asalmostalmost,, onlyonly

    ,,

    just

    just,, eveneven,,

    hardlyhardly

    ,, nearlynearly

    , and merelymerely

    , should be placedimmediately before the words they modify.

    Example:My mother only works on Saturdays andMy mother only works on Saturdays and

    Sundays.Sundays.

    This sentence says that, on Saturdays andSundays, the mother only works -- she doesnot eat, sleep, or talk.

    Modifiers such asalmostalmost,, onlyonly

    ,,

    just

    just,, eveneven,,

    hardlyhardly

    ,, nearlynearly

    ,andmerelymerely

    , should be placedimmediately before the words they modify.

    Example:My mother only works on Saturdays andMy mother only works on Saturdays and

    Sundays.Sundays.

    This sentence says that, on Saturdays andSundays, the mother onlyworks-- she doesnot eat, sleep, or talk.

    Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced Modifiers

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    We must place the modifier in the right position, so

    that the sentence can be clearly understood.

    Ex.: My motherMy mother only worksonly works on Saturdays andon Saturdays and

    Sundays.Sundays.

    Revised:Revised: My motherMy mother works onlyworks only on Saturdayson Saturdays

    and Sundays.and Sundays.

    Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced Modifiers

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    A modifyingphrase should

    clearly indicate

    what the phrase

    modifies.

    Example..Example..

    Her job is to file newspaperHer job is to file newspaper

    articles about handgun usearticles about handgun use

    in the library.in the library.

    Example..Example..

    Her job is to file newspaperHer job is to file newspaper

    articles about handgun usearticles about handgun use

    in the library.in the library.

    Revised..Revised..

    Her job in the library is toHer job in the library is tofile newspaper articlesfile newspaper articles

    about handgun use.about handgun use.

    Revised..Revised..

    Her job in the library is toHer job in the library is tofile newspaper articlesfile newspaper articles

    about handgun use.about handgun use.

    Misplaced ModifiersMisplaced Modifiers

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    Modifying clauses should be

    placed near the words they modify.

    Modifying clauses should be

    placed near the words they modify.

    Example..Example..

    The librarian explains

    how they use the

    computer to do researchbefore the class

    begins.

    Example..Example..

    The librarian explains

    how they use the

    computer to do research

    before the class

    begins.

    Revised..Revised..

    Before the class

    begins, the librarian

    explains

    how they use thecomputer to

    do research.

    Revised..Revised..

    Before the class

    begins, the librarian

    explains

    how they use thecomputer to

    do research.

    Modifying ClausesModifying Clauses

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    Example:Example:

    Researching onResearching on

    the Internet, manythe Internet, many

    facts are easilyfacts are easily

    obtained for theobtained for the

    report.report.

    A dangling modifierdangling modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that

    does not modify any element in a sentence.

    A dangling modifierdangling modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that

    does not modify any element in a sentence.

    What is the subject of the

    sentence?

    Ifmany factsmany factsis the

    subject, then who is

    researching on theInternet?

    Dangling ModifiersDangling Modifiers

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    WeWeis the

    subject, so we are

    researching on theinternet.

    Revised:Revised:

    Researching onResearching on

    the internet, wethe internet, we

    easily foundeasily found

    many facts formany facts for

    the report.the report.

    Dangling ModifiersDangling Modifiers

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    Example:Example:

    Because of going toBecause of going to

    many parties, mymany parties, my

    term paper wasterm paper was

    late.late.

    Dangling ModifiersDangling Modifiers

    What is the subject of

    the sentence?

    Ifterm paperterm paperis the

    subject, then who is

    going to many parties?

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    Revised:Revised:

    Because of going to many parties,Because of going to many parties,IIhanded in my term paper late.handed in my term paper late.

    Dangling ModifiersDangling Modifiers

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    Homework and RevisionHomework and Revision

    1.1. Study the diagrammaticStudy the diagrammatic

    presentation on How to Identifypresentation on How to Identify

    and Correct Misplaced Modifiersand Correct Misplaced Modifiers

    and Dangling Modifiers.and Dangling Modifiers.

    2.2. Complete Worksheet 11 & 12 of theComplete Worksheet 11 & 12 of theStudy Guide.Study Guide.

    Misplaced and DanglingMisplaced and Dangling

    ModifiersModifiers