week 2 benchwork measurement
DESCRIPTION
miss tasneem- mechanical lab 2 (mechanical engineering)TRANSCRIPT
Measurement,Marking out
& Fitting Practice
STEEL RULER
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
FEATURES :FEATURES :– Made from Stainless Steel.Made from Stainless Steel.– Size available : 150mm up to 1m.Size available : 150mm up to 1m.– For General Measuring PurposeFor General Measuring Purpose– Flexible usage Flexible usage – Easy to useEasy to use– Cheapest toolsCheapest tools
STEEL RULER
in inches.usually performs in fraction ( eg. 1/8”, 5/16” )
Reading :Reading :
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Imperial Unit ( Inch )Imperial Unit ( Inch )
STEEL RULER
in millimetre ( mm )usually performs with decimal point ( eg. 3.2mm)
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Metric UnitMetric Unit
Reading :Reading :
ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Measuring Linear Dimension Measuring Linear Dimension
ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Parallelism ?Parallelism ?
ALLOCATION OF POSITIONALLOCATION OF POSITION
ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES
Internal & External Diameter measure
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Engineers’ Steel RulesEngineers’ Steel Rules
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Diameter ?Diameter ?
ALLOCATION OF POSITIONALLOCATION OF POSITION
Engineers’ Steel RulesEngineers’ Steel Rules
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Diameter ?Diameter ?
ALLOCATION OF POSITIONALLOCATION OF POSITION
ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
7 8 97 8 933
0.1 ~ 0.2 mm0.1 ~ 0.2 mmAccuracy ?Accuracy ?
Thickness of hair lineThickness of hair line
OUTSIDE CALIPERS
Solution of measuring the Solution of measuring the ““unmeasurable diameter by a ruler “unmeasurable diameter by a ruler “
OUTSIDE CALIPERS
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Reading taken with a rulerReading taken with a ruler
OUTSIDE CALIPERS
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Reading taken with a rulerReading taken with a ruler
OUTSIDE CALIPERS
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Diameter Diameter
Reading taken with a rulerReading taken with a ruler
INSIDE CALIPERS
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15
Internal dimension measuringInternal dimension measuring
Reading with a rulerReading with a ruler
VERNIER CALIPERS
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
VERNIER CALIPERS
External measurementExternal measurement
Internal measurementInternal measurement
Depth measurementDepth measurement
inside jawinside jaw
outside jawoutside jaw
depth finderdepth finderScaleScale
VernierVernier
VERNIER CALIPERS
Inside dimensionInside dimension
Outside DimensionOutside Dimension
DepthDepth
Typical Measuring examplesTypical Measuring examples
VERNIER CALIPERS
Typical Measuring examplesTypical Measuring examples
CCyy
dd DD
ccxx
C = X - ( d + D ) / 2C = X - ( d + D ) / 2
cc
xx
VERNIER CALIPERS
Typical Measuring examplesTypical Measuring examples
yy
dd DD
CC
C = X + ( d + D ) / 2C = X + ( d + D ) / 2
VERNIER READING
Scale
Vernier
0 10 20 30 40 50
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01
49 mm49 mm
50 dividsions50 dividsions
Difference between scale and vernier :Difference between scale and vernier :
1 -1 - 49495050
= 1 - 0.98 = 0.02 mm= 1 - 0.98 = 0.02 mm
0 10
0 21
VERNIER READING
Scale
Vernier Zero point
Reading = Reading = 00
VERNIER READING
Scale
Vernier
0 10
0 21
VERNIER READING
Scale
Vernier
0 10
0 21 overlap line
Reading Reading = 3.2= 3.2
0.2
VERNIER CALIPERS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20 30 40 50 60
overlap line
VERNIER CALIPERS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20 30 40 50 60
overlap line
20
VERNIER CALIPERS
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
20 30 40 50 60
overlap line
20
0.58
VERNIER READING ACCURACY
Scale
Vernier
length of n divisionslength of n divisions
length of (n - 1) length of (n - 1)
divisionsdivisions
n -1n -1nn
11
AccuracyAccuracy == 11 - -
== 11nn
n -1n -1nn
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
– Used in Used in connection with a connection with a surface table surface table fitted with a fitted with a carbide tips for carbide tips for marking the lines marking the lines on the workpieceon the workpiece
GRADUATEDGRADUATEDSCALESCALE
FINEFINEADJUSTMENTADJUSTMENT
SCREWSCREW
VERNIERVERNIERSCALESCALE
CARBIDECARBIDETIPPEDTIPPED
SCRIBERSCRIBER
BASEBASE
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
Check ZeroCheck Zero
Surface PlateSurface Plate
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
Set to desire heightSet to desire height
As a Marking toolsAs a Marking tools
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
VERINER HEIGHT GAUGE
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
As a measuring toolsAs a measuring tools
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
DimensionDimensionof of
workpieceworkpiece
hh
Finding out Finding out the heightthe height
of workpieceof workpiece
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
xx
yy
hh
Finding outFinding outthe heightthe height
of stepof step
h = x -yh = x -y
hh h-dh-dCC
VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE
Round Rod ( d )Round Rod ( d )
C = h - d + D / 2C = h - d + D / 2
DD
Finding outFinding outthe height of hole the height of hole
centercenter
MICROMETER
– used for used for measuring measuring external external diameter or diameter or thickness. thickness.
0 1 2 3
0
5
External MicrometerExternal Micrometer
AnvilAnvil SpindleSpindle
FrameFrame
BarrelBarrel
Lock NutLock Nut
ThimbleThimble
ThimbleThimbleRatchetRatchet
Workpiece to be measuredWorkpiece to be measured
MIRCOMETER
0 1 2 3
0
5
MICROMETER
0 1 2 3
0
5
0 1 2 3
0
5
Pitch = 0.5 mmPitch = 0.5 mm
0
0
555
READING A MICROMETER
1 mm ( 2 turns of thimber )1 mm ( 2 turns of thimber )
READING A MICROMETER
0
0
555
50 dividsions50 dividsionseach dividsion =each dividsion =0.50.5
5050= 0.01 mm= 0.01 mm
READING A MICROMETER
0
0
555
6.50
0
0
555
6.50
0.03
READING A MICROMETER
READING A MICROMETER
0
0
555
6.50
0.03
6.53
MICROMETER
Internal Miicrometer Internal Miicrometer - used to measuring- used to measuringinternal diameterinternal diameter
ororgroovegroove
0 1 2 3
0
5
DIAL CALIPER GAGE
35
2025
30 15
10
MicrometerMicrometer
Dial CaliperDial Caliper
Check Zero pointCheck Zero point
DIAL CALIPER GAGE
35
202530 15
10
WorkpieceWorkpiece
Checking Undercut dimensionChecking Undercut dimension
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
Upper limitUpper limitLow LimitLow Limit
WorkpieceWorkpiece
Snap gaugeSnap gauge
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
Dimension is too large to fit requirementDimension is too large to fit requirement
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
Dimension too small to fit requirementDimension too small to fit requirement
LIMITS GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
LIMITS GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )
Dimension fit to requirementDimension fit to requirement