week 4 classroom skill
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Developing classroom skills
ELE 3102
Week 4
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Questioning techniques
Central to interactive teaching is the active use ofquestions.
Questions help to:
* actively involve students in the lesson
* arouse students interest and curiosity
* focus attention on a particular pointy orconcept
* encourage students to form and express ideas basedon what is discussed
* encourage students to form the habit of askingquestions
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Types of questions
Questions are used for a variety of purpose. E.g.:
Do you have a garden at home?
What kinds of plants grow there vegetables or flowerplants?
Can you tell us more about the plants in your garden? 1stquestion: focuses on students attention on the topic of
the day -> plants
2ndquestion: draws on students previous knowledge andprompt them by providing two categories of plants
3rd question forces student to think more thoroughly abouthis first answer and requires a clearer, detailed answer
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Types of questions
Questions therefore has three types:
focussing questions
prompting questions
probing question
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Questioning techniques
The art of good questioning involves:
Distribution: do not direct questions at a fewbright students or use a mechanical system
such as proceeding row by row. Distributequestions at random to cover the whole class
Wait time: students need time to think of
their answers> they need time to formulate ananswer as well as build confidence to make aresponse
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Questioning techniques
Redirection : you can increase the amount of
student participation by asking a number of
students to respond to the same question,
e.g.: Chye Leng lives five kilometres from
school. What form of transport can he use to
get there? Alex? -> car.. Lee? -> bicycle.
Mike?.....
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Questioning techniques
Phrasing: Questions should be clearly phrased
and should not be more complex than the
answers required. Ask questions which are
relevant to your lesson objectives using
language that is familiar and easily
understood.
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Responding to the learners
1. Reinforcement:
Skinner (behavioural psychologist) ->
responses which are rewarded tend to be
repeated
Reinforcement conveys the message to the
student that his response or behaviour is
desirable and it can be used to:
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increase students attention
maintain motivation
encourage independent thinking improve student behaviour
reinforcement can be positive (praise, award,
star, point) or negative (detention, warning)
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Types of reinforcement
a. Verbal reinforcement
b. Using gestures and movement
c. Activity reinforcementd. Token reinforcement
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Responding to the learners
2. Correction
When a student makes incorrect response a
teacher will have to identify if it is a mistake or
an error
A mistake is an occasional slip, in incorrect
form which the student can correct by
themselves. e.g.: he are going, she are eating
Errors:
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cont
Three types of error according to Hubbard et.
al. (1983):
1. Mother-tongue interference
2. Overgeneralization
3. Errors caused by teaching
->> please refer to ELT Methodology: Principlesand Practice (pp.: 288)
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Dealing with errors:
What to correct
When to correct
How to correct
->> please refer to ELT Methodology: Principles
and Practice (pp.: 288)
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