week 4 iberia or siberia
TRANSCRIPT
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The topic for today, September 10th:
Where did the first people in America come from:Iberia or Siberia?
For the next two weeks:
Peopling of the New World
(Spain) (Russia)
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What is the new world?What does it mean to ask where did the first people in America come from?
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--Recognizing multiple dimensions to a good question
Aspects of Critical Inquiry in the Social Sciences
--Evaluating evidence
--Recognizing multiple answers to a question or a problem
--Exploring the ethical implications of differing approaches, methods, or conclusions
--Developing potential solutions to problems based on sound evidence and reasoning
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Consensus in the 1970s: People came to America… --from Siberia --on foot --13500 years ago.
The Iberia hypothesis did not have anyStrong supporters until about 10 years ago
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Clovis and Folsom sites, New Mexico
Folsom point in associationwith extinctbison bones
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Miles point
Cactus Hill
MeadowcroftSites thatdate to14000 yearsago or earlier
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Solutreans!!!People from what is not Spain and Southern France, 21000 years ago
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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Dennis Stanford Bruce Bradley
What are some of immediate problems with the Solutrean Hypothesis?
What is the evidence of the Solutrean Hypothesis?
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Clovis Solutrean
Similarities in stone tools:
1. Bifacial technology (two faces: biface)
front side & back sideof same tool.
Both sides sharpened
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10cm
Clovis Solutrean
Similarities in stone tools:
1. Bifacial technology (two faces: biface)
2. These bifaces are big!
3. Overshot flaking(outrepassé)
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Other Similarities in stone tools:
Clovis Solutrean
BorersNotchesBurins
32 similarities in total!…and no similarities between Clovistools and Siberian/Alaskan tools
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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On land
At sea/on ice
Land and sea
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I’m on a boat!
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Ring seal
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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On land
At sea/on ice
Land and sea
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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Skull of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Forensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Warning: this slide contains an image of Native American skeletal material
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21,000 BP
17,000 BP
13,500 BP
Clovis
Pre-Clovis
Solutrean
12,000 BP
Lawrence Straus David Meltzer
Problems with Solutrean hypothesis
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10cm
Clovis Solutrean
Similarities in stone tools:
1. Bifacial technology (two faces: biface)
2. These bifaces are big!
3. Overshot flaking(outrepassé)
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10cm
Clovis Solutrean
Differences in stone tools:
1. Concave base rare in Solutrean points
2. No fluting in Solutrean points
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Clovis Solutrean
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Other Similarities in stone tools:
Clovis Solutrean
Burins
But are both of these green tools actually similar?
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Clovis Solutrean
Shouldered point
Stemmed point
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Clovis Solutrean
Bone needle
hook for atlatl(spearthrower)
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Clovis Solutrean
Antler points(a kind of tool)
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Clovis Solutrean
Mobiliary art
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
Are there really no similarities between Clovis tools and stone tools in Beringea and Sibera?
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Table showing similarities between Clovis tools and tools in Siberia
But Stanford says there are no similarities: who do we trust? How do we evaluate evidence?
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012
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Evidence for hunting seals or fish?
Clovis Solutrean
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Skull of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Forensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
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Skull of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Forensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Anotherforensics expert’sRepresentation of Kennewick Man/The Ancient One
Portrait of contemporaryAinu person, an ethnic
minority in northern Japan
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Shovel-shaped incisors
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From Stanford and Bradley 2012