week 8 overview
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Week 8 Overview. Gastrointestinal Test After test complete pages 75-76 in syllabus Review homework- oral practice Chapter 8- pages 172-183-lecture Getting ready for respiratory test- use pages 75-76 in syllabus Homework. Week #8-- Review For Respiratory Quiz. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Week 8 Overview
Gastrointestinal TestAfter test complete pages 75-76 in
syllabusReview homework- oral practice Chapter 8- pages 172-183-lectureGetting ready for respiratory test-
use pages 75-76 in syllabus Homework
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Week #8-- Review For Respiratory Quiz
Name at least three structures of the respiratory system and tell their function:
What is the most important test a respiratory therapist performs on a patient?
Define internal respiration.Define external respiration.What is the function of the nose?Name a function of the respiratory system
Business 86, Medical Terminology
What is the waste gas called?What is another name for carbon
dioxide?Tell how emphysema, asthma, and
bronchitis affect your lungs?What is atelectasisHow does the diaphragm aid in
breathing?
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Define the following Terminology
Pnea-Auscultation-
Eupnea- Stethoscope
Dyspnea- Tachypnea-
Apnea- Anoxia-
Epistaxis- Rhinorrhea-
Aspiration- PND-
Hemoptysis- Tx-
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Dx tachypnea
Bronchiole COPD
Anoxia TKO
PRN bronchiectasis
ABG Hgb
Thoracentesis antitussive
SOB tracheostomy
Business 86, Medical Terminology
RT UACyanosis pneumothoraxHemothorax pleuritisX-ray O2C02 hyperventilationTPR BpURI IPPB
Name two drugs used in the respiratory system
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Cardiovascular System (CV)
Components of the CV system- Heart, Blood,
Blood Vessels
Function of the Cardiovascular System
A. Heart -Circulation1.Pulmonary- to the lungs
2.Systemic – to the body systems
3.Coronary- supplies the heart
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Coronary Circulation
Business 86, Medical Terminology
B. Blood-The fluid which circulates throughout the body carrying nourishment and oxygen to the cells and tissue
C. Vessels: The role of the blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) is to carry blood to and from the body’s tissues and cells
Artery
Vein
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Structure of the Heart:
The heart is a cone-shaped, hollow, muscular organ weighing 300 grams, located in the mediastinum, a space between the lungs within the thoracic cavity. Its base is directed toward the body’s right side. The apex is directed toward the left and rests upon the diaphragm.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Apex
Business 86, Medical Terminology
The heart is a double pump having two sides. The right side receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to be oxygenated. The left side receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out through the aorta to all parts of the body.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Right side
Left side
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Cardiac Layers:
Pericardium- around the heartEpicardium- upon the heartMyocardium- muscle layer of the heartEndocardium- within the heart
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Around the heartAround the heart
Upon the heartUpon the heart
Muscle layer of the heartMuscle layer of the heart
Within the heartWithin the heart
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Cardiac Chambers (4 chambers)
1. Atria- Receiving chambersReceives blood from the body systems and the lungs
A) Right Atrium- receives blood from the body’s systems
(Interatrial septum- a wall between the atria)
B) Left Atrium- receives blood from the lungs
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Ventricles- pumping chambersBlood out to the lungs and body systems
A.) Lower Right Ventricle-pumps blood to the lungs by way of pulmonary arteries
(interventricular septum- a wall between the ventricles)
B.) Lower Left Ventricle- pumps blood to the body systems by way of the aorta
Business 86, Medical Terminology
RA- right atriumFO- fossa ovalisFO-foramen ovale-infetal lifeLA-left atriumTV-tricuspid valve
MV-mitral valve(bicuspid valve)RV-right ventricleLV-left ventricle
KEY
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Heart Valves- Atrioventricular, Semilunar1. Atrioventricular- between the atria and
ventriclesA) Tricuspid- (three cusps) between the right atrium
and right ventricle
B) Bicuspid- ( two cusps) aka- mitral between the left atrium and the left ventricle
2. Semilunar- between the ventricles and the vessel they are pumping through
A) Pulmonary- pulmon/o-lung between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
B) Aortic- aort/o- the aorta between the left ventricle and the aorta
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(Mitral)(Mitral)(Atrioventricular)(Atrioventricular)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Major Vessels
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Coronary ArteriesThe coronary arteries (right and left) branch off the aortic arch,
encircle the heart and penetrate the myocardium. They supply the capillaries of the myocardium with blood. The coronary blood flow increases with: 1) increased activity such as exercise; 2) increased heart rate; increased stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.
A. Right Coronary ArteryB. Left Main which bifurcates into the
1) LAD- left anterior descending artery2) CX- left circumflex
Coronary Circulation
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Mechanical Activity of the Heart
1. Cardiac Cycle. This is the actual pumping contraction of the blood through the heart (the chambers) and out to the designated areas of the body. This is related to heart tones that are auscultated and to blood pressure readings. The mechanical activity of the heart consists of a period of contraction known as systole and a period of relaxation known as diastole.
a) S1- systole- when the heart is contractingb) S2- diastole- when the heart is resting
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Electrical Function of the Heart
1. Cardiac Cells have certain unique propertiesa) excitability- the ability to initiate an impulse
b) contractitlity- the ability to contract
c) conductivity- the ability to send an impulse
d) automaticity- the ability to do it automatically
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Electrical Structures and Pathway
Electrical activity precedes mechanical activity. The mechanical activity consists of a contraction. The heart can then function as a pump. The mechanical activity of the heart is noted by the presence of a contraction, a pulse! For every heartbeat on the EKG, there is usually a corresponding pulse. However there can be beats on the EKG and no corresponding pulse. Pulseless electrical activity is present (PEA)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Electrical Structures and PathwayConduction System
1. SA node2. AV node3. Bundle of HIS4. Left Bundle5. Right Bundle6. Purkinje Fibers
SA
AV
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EKG/ECGElectrocardiogram
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Pulse- the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by the pressure of the blood moving through an artery.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Blood Pressure- is a measurement of the amount of pressure exerted against the walls of the vessel.
Systolic- the greatest amountof pressure when theventricles contract
Diastolic- the lowest amountof pressure when theventricles are relaxed
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Blood Vessels
Arteries- vessels that take blood away from the heart
Arterioles- small arteriesCapillaries- a network of small
vessels that exchange nutrientsVenule- small veinVeins- vessels that return blood back
to the heart
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Veins also contain valves
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Blood Cells
Plasma- straw-colored fluid that transports nutrients, hormones, and waste
Erythrocytes- red blood cells- RBC- they carry oxygen
Leukocytes-white blood cells-WBC-they help fight infection
Thrombocytes- platelets- they initiate clotting
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What Blood Type Are You?
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Blood Groups- Typing
TypesA, AB, B, O
RH factor(rhesus factor)a protein on the red blood cell membranePositive- you have the proteinNegative- you don’t have the protein
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Blood typeAlleles
For simplicity,we call these
IA A
IB B
i O
Allele from Parent 1
Allele fromParent 2
Genotype ofoffspring
Blood types ofoffspring
A A AA A
A B AB* AB
A O AO A
B A AB* AB
B B BB B
B O BO B
O O OO O
I= dominanti= recessive
A and B areCo-dominant
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Blood type Possible genotypes
A AA AO
B BB BO
Blood type Possible genotypes
AB AB
O OO
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Type You Can Give Blood To
You Can Receive Blood From
A+ A+ AB+ A+ A- O+ O-
O+ O+ A+ B+ AB+ O+ O-
B+ B+ AB+ B+ B- O+ O-
AB+ AB+ Everyone
A- A+ A- AB+ AB- A- O-
O- Everyone O-
B- B+ B- AB+ AB- B- O-
AB- AB+ AB- AB- A- B- O-
Blood Donor/Receiver Information
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Diagnostic Procedures
Angiography- recording of a vesselCardiac Catheterization- viewing the heart
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Echocardiography-test that uses ultrasound waves to create an image of the heart muscle
Electrocardiography- recording of the electrical pattern of the heart
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pericardiocentesis- puncture into the pericardium
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Pathology
1. Atherosclerosis- hardening of an artery due to fatty plaque
2. Arteriosclerosis- hardening of an artery
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3. Aneurysm- a weakening in the wall of a vessel
4. Thrombosis- blood clot
Business 86, Medical Terminology
5. Embolism- a foreign substance that has moved and causes a blockage
6. Hemorrhage- a bursting forth of blood7. Hematoma- a large collection of blood in the tissues8. Hypertension (HTN)- high blood pressure9. Hypotension- low blood pressure10. Anemia- (without blood) a deficiency in red blood cells11. CHF- congestive heart failure12. MI- myocardial infarction13. Angina Pectoris- chest pain14. Carditis- inflammation of the heart15. Valvulitis- inflammation of the valve
Business 86, Medical Terminology
16. RhythmsNSR- normal sinus rhythmTachycardia- fast heart rate- greater than
100 beats per minuteBradycardia- slow heart rate- less than 60
beats per minute
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Fibrillation- a quivering of the heartFlutter- an area in the atrium is firing
faster than the SA node
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Cardiac Arrest (CODE BLUE) the heart stops beating
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Procedures of the CV system
1. PTCA- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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2. CABG- coronary artery bypass grafting
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3. Valvuloplasty- repair of a valve4. Defibrillation- to stop fibrillation5. Pacemaker- a mechanical device to initiate
an impulse6. Angioplasty- repair of a vessel7. Athrectomy- removal of the fatty plaque8. Stents- a devise to keep a vessel open
Business 86, Medical Terminology
AbbreviationsBp- blood pressureSBp- systolic blood IVPB- intravenous piggybackABG- arterial blood gasesCAD- coronary artery diseaseVF- ventricular fibrillationCABG- coronary artery bypass graftingPTCA- percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplastyRBC- red blood cellCHF- congestive heart failureMI- myocardial infarction
Business 86, Medical Terminology
TIA- transient ischemic attackEKG- electrocardiograph(gram, graphy)CP- chest painVT- ventricular tachycardiaNSR- normal sinus rhythmTKO- to keep openWBC- white blood cell
Business 86, Medical Terminology
CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS ELEMENT (use with your textbook for CD-Rom)
Element Meaning angio/o, vas/o vessel (usually blood or lymph)aort/o aortaanteri/o arteryather/o fatty plaqueatri/o atriumcardi/o heartcyt/o, -cyte cellelectr/o electricerythr/o redhem/o, hemat/o, -emia blood
Business 86, Medical Terminology
ELEMENT MEANING
leuk/o white
lymph/o lymph
necr/o death
phag/o, -phagia swallowing, eating
phleb/o, ven/o vein
reticul/o network
scler/o hardening
thromb/o blood clot
ventricul/o ventricle
Business 86, Medical Terminology
ELEMENT MEANING
-blast embryonic cellular development-centesis surgical puncture-ectasis expansion, dilation-genesis producing, forming-gram record-graphy process of recording-lysis separate, destroy, loosen-megaly enlargement-ole, -ule, micro- small-oma tumor-osis abnormal condition-penia decrease
Business 86, Medical Terminology
ELEMENT MEANING
-phobia fear-pnea breathing-poiesis production, formation-rrhexis rupture-spasm involuntary contraction, twitching-stasis standing still (of)-stenosis stricture, narrowingbi- twobrady- slowecho- soundepi- above, uponmacro- largeperi- around
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Doctor’s Orders- Homework
Define the doctor’s orders on page 86Use your notes
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Homework
Study for respiratory test use pages 75-76-syllabus
Complete pages 214-225 (book) Interactive CDComplete page 86-Doctor’s Orders (syllabus)Read pages 228-252 (book) Interactive CD