week 8 presentation angela wade
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Digital Research and PublishingTRANSCRIPT
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ARIN 6912Week 8
Databases
Tuesday 5.00pmAngela Wade
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Databasing the World: Biodiversity and the
2000s
By Geoffrey Bowker, 2005
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This is where it came from:
• Winner, 2007 Ludwig Fleck Prize given by the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S).
• Awarded "Best Information Science Book 2006" by the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T).
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Question 1:
How many times did you consult
the dictionary?
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This reading was deep ...
And it was mostly to do withplants ... which are supposed
to be peaceful ...My brain hurts ... a lot ...
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The 3 epigraphs1. The Mahabharata – what was once there is no longer
- dealing with the past- the nature of existence and death
2. Boulter - how and what data is stored (fossil plants)- asserts all will be the same- present day tools will recreate the past perfectly, uniformly
3. Douglas – how humans adapt to a new represented system
- there’s a politics and reality to colonisation- entities become more and less real, a manageable form, when
categorised
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Database:A large volume of information stored in a computer and organised in categories to facilitate retrieval.
Macquarie Dictionary
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Statement 1:Perhaps the most powerful technology in our control of the world and each other over the past two hundred years has been the development of the database.
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Statement 2:Databases are not a product of the computer revolution; if anything the computer revolution is a product of the drive to database.
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Building an Infrastructure:•Need standards when building infrastructures.•Each layer needs own set.•Statistics started - people became more like their categories.
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Question 2:Do you think they became more like the categories they were put in or did the categories become
smaller and more in-depth, therefore making them fit the
category?
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Building an Infrastructure:•Best standards don’t always win.•Positive externalities.•Many infrastructure models exist.•Interoperability the key.•Doomed research – info lost.
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Building an Infrastructure:•No storage medium is permanent so requires continued maintenance.•And reliable metadata from different technologies.•More info you provide, more work have to do.
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Ownership:1. Control of knowledge
- who has the right to speak on behalf of a group?- flattening of knowledge hierarchies a powerful social force
2. Privacy- possible to generate and search large databases- some believe privacy days are over
3. Patterns of ownership- privatisation of knowledge – who owns it?- sometimes forget the role of traditional knowledge
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Sharing Data:•Reusable.•Drive for an imperial archive.•Protocols – what’s put in and what’s left out just as important.•How to deal with old data – need to preserve original in good form.
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International technoscience:•Narrowing of knowledge gap.•Breakdown of digital divide.•Faster research and publishing cycles.•Holding onto old ways.
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Accounting for Life:•Importance of the human memory as storage device.•Classifications needed for greater flexibility.•First databases hierarchical – dependent on what ordered entered.•We now have more flexible databases.
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Accounting for Life:•Derrida in Archive Fear – developing new computer technologies creates new traces and new archives meaning a new past.
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Question 3:Does the nature of the
technology used either directly or analogically produce changes
in our representation and understanding of the past?
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To wrap up:•Now have the technology to build a useful archive.•The nature of record keeping – development can be sparked equally by social forces or scientific developments.•Thus technology does not have logical preference in driving science and society, which do not drive the technology.
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Database as aGenre of
New Media
By Lev Manovich 2000
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•Apart from the shocking grammatical errors
‘After the expression its correlate – database.’‘... easy to add new elements to the end of list as it is to
insert them anywhere in it.’‘... offers a collections of video or audio programs ...’‘Texts need to written ... and audio need to be recorded.’‘... is assumed to be constitute “interactive narrative.”’
this article was interesting.
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Question 4:
What is the relationshipbetween database
and narrative?
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The Database Logic:•Database is defined as a structured collection of data.•Organised for fast search and retrieval by a computer.•Anything but a simple collection of items.
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The Database Logic:•Different types of databases:
- Hierarchical- Network- Relational- Object-oriented
•All use different methods to organise data.
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The Database Logic:•Collections of items where user can view, navigate, and search.•Both articles talked about the world and life as a database, archiving life.
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The Database Logic:•Multimedia works with ‘cultural’ aspects favour database form.•Database as a form flourished on the internet.•Web offers fertile ground – three dimensional and interactive.
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Data and Algorithm:•Not all new media are databases – computer games as narrative.•Is data passive, algorithm active?•Not quite true – data needs to be generated.
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Data and Algorithm:•‘Storage mania’•Reality > Media > Data > Database•Every site is a type of database•The map is now bigger than the territory
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Database and Narrative:•Database – the world as a list of items, refuse to put in an order.•Narrative – creates cause-and-effect trajectory of seemingly unordered items.•Natural enemies.
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Database and Narrative:•Databases have become the centre of the creative process in the computer age.•User of a narrative is traversing a database.•Arbitrary sequence of database records is not a narrative.
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To wrap up:•Database and narrative don’t have same status in computer culture.•New media objects are all databases.•A database can support narrative.
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Further Readings
Bartlett, Thomas (2007), ‘Archive Fever’ in The Chronicle of Higher Education (online). Volume 53, Issue 46, Page A8, 20 July 2007. Available: http://chronicle.com/free/v53/i46/46a00801.htm [Accessed 24 April 2009].
Derrida, Jacques (1995). Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
Hacking, Ian (1995). Rewriting the Soul, New Jersey, Princeton University Press.
MIT Press article on Memory Practices in the Sciences. Available: http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?ttype=2&tid=10613 [Accessed 26 April 2009].
Wikipedia article on APIs (mentioned in Bowker). Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/API [Accessed 27 April 2009].
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Further Readings
Ford, Paul (2006), ‘Privacy in Cyberspace: Is it Possible?’ on National Public Radio America (online), 20 January 2006. Available: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5165536 [Accessed 18 April 2009].