South Koreans in

New York City

Waves of Immigration to the

United States

• First Wave (1882 – 1905)– Approximately 7,000 Koreans– Chinese Exclusionary Act of 1882– Includes “Picture Brides”

• Second Wave (1950 – 1964)– Korean War (1950-1953)– War Brides, Orphans and Academics

• Third Wave (1965 – Present)– Immigration Reform Act of 1965– Family Members

Settlement in the U.S.

Economic Incorporation

”Disadvantage Theory”

Koreatowns in NYC

Enclave Niches

2nd Generation

•Ethnic Identity•Education•Language•Acculturation

The Future…