Welcome to CJ 101!!

Kaplan UniversityProfessor Chad Rosa

Unit 4

Kaplan University

Once again, a few reminders………

Your Professor – Me

Minnesota – southern metro area

Over 18 years of criminal justice experience including: private security, state patrol, municipal patrol officer and school resource officer

Online Learning at KU

KU stands for Kaplan University

Each class is 10 weeks long

Each week is called a Unit

Each unit has several graded items – check the gradebook!!

Online Learning at KU

Each unit/week starts on Wednesday & ends at 1159 pm EST on Tuesday

Start your work for each Unit early – DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

Online Learning at KU

Want to be successful in my class?

The following are the secrets…

Reading

Each unit has a reading link – which tells you which chapter(s) to read

Electronic book/chapters in docsharing

Powerpoints – Read both Start your work for each Unit early

– DON’T wait until the end of the week to complete your work

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

Each unit has a discussion Each unit has a discussion board questionboard question

Always answer the question Always answer the question with at least a with at least a 100 word 100 word answeranswer

You must respond to at least 3 You must respond to at least 3 other studentsother students

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions Your response to other students Your response to other students

- - Must give good input and Must give good input and thoughtthought – not “good post” etc – not “good post” etc

Your postings must be spread Your postings must be spread out over 3 daysout over 3 days

Your postings must be spelled Your postings must be spelled correctly and grammatically correctly and grammatically correctcorrect

Quizzes

Many units will have a quiz You can always retake a quiz

to get a better grade – most recent score is kept

However, quizzes are only open during the unit, never accepted late

Seminars

EASTERN TIME No seminar during units 5 or

10 Participation & quality input

If you miss a seminar – alternate assignment to DocSharing, NOT Dropbox

Seminars

If you miss a seminar – Review the instructions in the

seminar link of each unit. To receive credit for the seminar if you are

unable to attend, you are required to write a 1 page paper summary on what we covered.

Review the seminar archive for additional information.

Submit your assignment using the Doc Sharing tab.

Select the option to send to your instructor only.

More Success

Go in to DocSharing and print out my example paper and EXACTLY follow that format

MUST write all papers in a Microsoft Word document

MUST write in Times New Roman size 12 font and double space

Cover/title page, body of text and reference page

Gradebook

Always check your grade book Click on each individual grade so you

can read my comments You can always redo and resubmit any

work for a better grade – BUT only within ONE week

For example, you receive a low grade on your Unit 2 paper – you have until the end of Unit 3 to resubmit it if you want to

Late Work

Late work will only be accepted one week late – for up to full credit

After one week – no credit will be given

Unit 3 Recap!!

Graded items:Discussion boardQuizSeminar

What do I have to do to complete this unit?

Read Chapters 7 & 8 Discussion Board Attend the Seminar Complete the Quiz Power Point Project

Unit 4 PowerPoint

In Unit 3, (Chapter 6) you learned about the 5 core operational strategies and 1 ancillary operational strategy that are employed by law enforcement agencies to fight and reduce crime.

Unit 4 PowerPoint There are five core operational strategies,

each with unique features:

Preventive patrol Routine incident response Emergency response Criminal investigation Problem solving

Additionally, there is a 6th ancillary operational strategy: support services.

Unit 4 PowerPoint

MUST cover 2 things:

Identify and summarize the five core operational strategies and one ancillary operational strategy of law enforcement

Explain how these strategies are used by law enforcement agencies to achieve their crime fighting goals

Unit 4 Power Point

Summarize the 5 Core Operational Strategies and the 6th Ancillary Strategy.

Each Strategy must be at least a full slide in length – prefer if it was 2 slides.

Strategies – 6 total!

Core: Preventive Patrol Routine Patrol Emergency Patrol Criminal Investigation Problem Solving

Ancillary: Support Services

Unit 4 Power Point

Requirements: (Very Important!!)

Summarize the strategy

Explain how the police use that strategy to fight crime

Power Point Format

Slide 1 = Cover slide

Slides 2-7+ = Summary of each strategy

Last slide = Reference slide

THE NEXT FEW SLIDES ARE VERY IMPORTANT

PLEASE GIVE ME YOUR ATTENTION

Unit 4 Discussion Board

Miranda v Arizona Must go to these websites to

read about Miranda: www.law.cornell.eduwww.findlaw.com www.landmarkcases.org

Unit 4 Discussion Board

Miranda v Arizona Must have TWO things for

Miranda to apply: Person is “in-custody” – arrest

or just being detained and not free to leave

Person is being interrogated – being asked questions that are incriminating

What do I have to do to complete this unit?

Read Chapters 7 and 8 Respond to the Discussion Board Complete Quiz Attend Seminar Complete Power Point Project

Unit 4

Policing: Legal Aspects

Unit 4 examines the responsibilities of policing as related to upholding the

constitution. Further, it examines, the methods used to combat crime, and the growing role of technology in policing.

Policing: Legal Environment

No one is above the law…not even the police.

Unit 4 – Policing

Policing: Legal Environment The U.S. Constitution was designed to

protect against abuses of police power.

Restraints on police behavior: Help to ensure individual freedoms. Must be balanced against the need for police

to effectively do their jobs.

Unit 4 – Policing

Changing Legal Climate

The U.S. Constitution, especially the Bill of Rights, is designed to protect citizens from abuses in police power.

Due Process is required by 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Constitutional Amendments.

Search and Seizure: The Fourth Amendment

The Fourth Amendment protects one’s privacy from unreasonable searches and seizures.

Unit 4 – Policing

What is the fruit of the poisoned tree doctrine?

Unit 4 – Policing

The Exclusionary Rule Weeks v. U.S. (1914) established the

exclusionary rule. Illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial. This rule acts as a control over police behavior. The decision was only binding to federal officers.

Mapp v. Ohio (1961) extended the rule to the states.

The 14th Amendment due process applies to local police, not just federal officers.

Unit 4 – Policing

Fruits of Poisoned Tree

Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. U.S. (1918)

Because illegally seized evidence cannot be used in a trial, neither can evidence that derives from an illegal seizure.

Reasonable Suspicion Versus Probable Cause

Reasonable suspicion is a general and reasonable belief that a crime is in progress or has occurred whereas probable cause is a reasonable belief that a particular person has committed a specific crime.

Unit 4 – Policing

Describe the circumstances under which police officers may search vehicles and the extent to which such searches are permissible…

Unit 4 – Policing

Fleeting Targets: Vehicle Searches Investigatory stops of vehicles required

reasonable suspicion. Warrantless searches of vehicles must

be based on probable cause (fleeting-targets exception).

Mobility of vehicles would allow them to quickly flee.

Warrants are necessary if time and circumstances permit them.

Unit 4 – Policing

Vehicle Searches If probable cause exists or if permission

is granted, warrantless vehicle searches can extend to any area of the vehicle, including:

the trunk the glove compartment sealed containers within the vehicle

Unit 4 – Policing

Vehicle Searches A permissible search of a motor vehicle

does not automatically extend to a search of a person within the vehicle.

Occupants can be ordered to step out of the vehicle.

Unit 4 – Policing

Vehicle Searches Illinois v. Caballes (2005)

The use of a drug-sniffing dog during a routine and lawful traffic stop is permissible and may not even be classified as a “search” under the Fourth Amendment.

Unit 4 – Policing

Explain how the need to ensure public safety justifies certain suspicionless searches…

Unit 4 – Policing

Suspicionless Searches Suspicionless searches may be necessary in

order to ensure public safety. Such searches must be based on compelling interests.

Suspicionless sweeps of busses, trains, planes, and city streets are permissible, as long as:

Police ask permission Police do not coerce people to consent Police do not convey the message that compliance is

necessary

Unit 4 – Policing

Suspicionless Border Searches Suspicionless searches of vehicles at our

nation’s borders are permitted, even when searches are extensive.

U.S. v. Flores-Montano (2004) “The Government’s authority to conduct

suspicionless inspections at the border includes the authority to remove, disassemble, and reassemble a vehicle’s fuel tank.”

Unit 4 – Policing

Describe the nature of electronic evidence, and explain how first-on-the-scene law enforcement personnel should handle it…

Unit 4 – Policing

High-Technology Searches

Investigating crime is making greater use of high-technology devises and practices, such as thermal imaging devises.

If the government searches a home using a device that is not something used by the general public, and that shows something that wouldn’t be learned without entering the house, then a warrant is required.

Unit 4 – Policing

Gaining Electronic Evidence

Proper digital criminal forensics has become increasingly important in today’s modern times.

Electronic evidence is of special concern because it:

is latent can transcend national and state borders quickly and easily is fragile and can easily be altered, damaged, compromised,

or destroyed by improper handling or improper examination may be time sensitive

Unit 4 – Policing

Warrantless Searches of Electronic Evidence

U.S. v. Carey (1999)—A federal appellate court held that the consent a defendant had given to police for his apartment to be searched did not extend to the search of his computer once it was taken to police station.

U.S. v. Turner held that the warrantless search of a personal computer while in the defendant’s apartment exceeded the scope of his consent.

Policing Issues and Challenges

“The police at all times should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police.”

- Sir Robert Peel, 1829

Contemporary Policing

What are some issues and challenges facing police officers and administrators?

Everybody take a shot!!

Contemporary Policing

Issues and challenges facing police officers and administrators:

Police personality and culture Corruption and integrity Dangers of police work Police use of force Racial profiling Police civil liability Policing in a multicultural society

Violence in the Line of Duty Most officers who are shot are killed by

lone suspects armed with a single weapon.

In 2006, 146 American law enforcement officers were killed in the line of duty.

The 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center resulted in the greatest ever single-incident line of duty deaths when 72 officers perished.

U.S. Enforcement Officers Killed in Law the Line of Duty, 2006

Unit 4 Requirements

Read Chapter 7 AND 8 Attend the Weekly Seminar Respond to the Discussion Board –

100 word answer and respond to at least one other student

Take the Quiz Complete everything by Tuesday at

1159pm EST

Good Night

That is all I have for tonight!! Have a great upcoming week!!