welcome to class ! 11-30 and 12-1 warm up # 22-26 do your vocabulary set #10 (raptor time if not...

Welcome to class Welcome to class !!11-30 and 12-111-30 and 12-1

Warm up # 22-26 Do your vocabulary set #10 (raptor time if not finish) Brieftly go over the Tests from last week (next Wednesday

afterschool for test correction) Discussion on Cell Cycle Homefun:

– Write a one page front and back using word document to compare structures and functions of 4 Biomolecules (Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids). Including enzymes! Print a hard copy Due next Monday and Tuesday. This is a quiz grade! (no late work accept it)

– In class assignment today, if not finish, then complete at home due next class.

copyright cmassengale

Check for Understanding Assignments1. Why is smaller cells are better than larger ones?

2. Compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell

3. Compare and contrast cell cycle of prokaryote and eukaryote

4. List and describe stages of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

5. What is a chromosome? Explain in details the differences (their locations and compositions)between chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (including, singular circular chromosome, histone proteins, coils, supercoils, sister chromatids, chromosomes)

6. Draw and concept map to summarize this lecture notes

• Large cells cannot transport nutrients across membrane

• A group of smaller cells has a larger surface area than a single cell with the same volume...

Remember, cells must use diffusion and osmosis to obtain important nutrients, like oxygen and glucose

Cell ReproductionCell Reproduction

Prokaryotes- All Bacteria

Eukaryotes- Plants,

animals, fungi and protists


ProkaryotesProkaryotes

Lack a nucleus Have a single chromosomeReproduce by binary fission Include bacteria


In prokaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into a single, circular

chromosome in cytoplasm.

ChromosomesChromosomesIn eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into multiple chromosomes in nucleus.

duplicated chromosome

centromeresister chromatids

supercoils

coils

histone proteins

nucleosome

DNA double helix

• DNA containing cell’s genetic code

• Each chromosome has a matching pair (homologous)

• During interphase, each chromosome copies itself

What are chromosomes?

Which Cell Cycle?Which Cell Cycle?

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Steps in Binary FissionSteps in Binary Fission

1. Cells increase their cell mass slightly

2. DNA & cell components are replicated

3. Each cell divides into 2 daughter cells (exactly the same, same DNA)


Binary Fission of Bacterial Binary Fission of Bacterial CellCell


E. Coli Dividing by Binary E. Coli Dividing by Binary FissionFission


EukaryotesEukaryotes

Contain a nucleus & membrane bound organelles

Asexually reproduce cells by mitosis


Cell CycleCell CycleStages in growth

& division1.G1 Phase2.S Phase3.G2 Phase4.M Phase5.Cytokinesis


Why does cell cycle important to the growth of organism?

G1 PhaseG1 Phase

First growth stage

Cell increases in size

Cell prepares to copy its DNA


Synthesis PhaseSynthesis Phase

Copying of all of DNA’s instructions

Chromosomes duplicated


G2 PhaseG2 PhaseTime between DNA synthesis & mitosis

Cell continues growing

Needed proteins produced


Mitosis PhaseMitosis PhaseCell growth &

protein production stop

Cell’s energy used to make 2 daughter cells

Called mitosis or karyokinesis (nuclear division)


Life Cycle of a CellLife Cycle of a Cell

Mitosis is a cycle with no beginning or end.


Interphase – Resting StageInterphase – Resting StageCells carrying

on normal activities

Chromosomes aren’t visible

Cell metabolism is occurring

Occurs before mitosis


InterphaseInterphase



Check for Understanding Assignments1. Why is smaller cells are better than larger ones?

2. Compare and contrast Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell

3. Compare and contrast cell cycle of prokaryote and eukaryote

4. List and describe stages of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

5. What is a chromosome? Explain in details the differences (their locations and compositions)between chromosome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (including, singular circular chromosome, histone proteins, coils, supercoils, sister chromatids, chromosomes)

6. Draw and concept map to summarize this lecture notes

Welcome to class Welcome to class !!12-2 and 12-312-2 and 12-3

Warm up # 27-31 Turn in warm up! Get new warm up Turn in “Check for understanding assignments” Briefly go over the Tests from last week (next Wednesday

afterschool for test correction) Discussion on Cell Cycle continue 2-D Lab (if not finish, due this Friday!) Semester Exam Study Guide is on my webpage under this

PPT slides (print out and start studying!) Homefun:

– Write a one page front and back using word document to compare structures and functions of 4 Biomolecules (Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids). Including enzymes! Print a hard copy Due next Monday and Tuesday. This is a quiz grade! (no late work accept it)

Eukaryotic ChromosomeEukaryotic Chromosome


Human ChromosomesHuman ChromosomesKaryotype – tell male or female, genetic diseasesKaryotype – tell male or female, genetic diseases


Stages of MitosisStages of Mitosis

ProphaseMetaphase

AnaphaseTelophase


Cells Undergoing MitosisCells Undergoing Mitosis


Steps in ProphaseSteps in Prophase DNA coils tightly &

becomes visible as chromosomes

Nuclear membrane disappears

Nucleolus disappears Centrioles migrate to

poles Spindle begins to form


Steps in MetaphaseSteps in Metaphase

Spindle fibers from centrioles attach to each chromosome

Cell preparing to separate its chromosomes

Cell aligns its chromosomes in the middle of the cell


MetaphaseMetaphase


Steps in AnaphaseSteps in Anaphase

Cell chromosomes are separated

Spindle fibers shorten so chromosomes pulled to ends of cell


Mitotic SpindleMitotic Spindle


AnaphaseAnaphase


Steps in TelophaseSteps in Telophase Separation of

chromosomes completed

Cell Plate forms (plants)

Cleavage furrow forms(animals)

Nucleus & nucleolus reform

Chromosomes uncoil


TelophaseTelophase

Plant Animalcopyright cmassengale

CytokinesisCytokinesis Occurs after

chromosomes separate

Cytoplasm pinches off in the center

Forms two, identical daughter cells


CytokinesisCytokinesis

Cell Plate Forming in Plant Cells copyright cmassengale

Mitosis OverviewMitosis OverviewList and describe the stages of mitosis.

Interphase

1

2

3

4

Cytokinesis Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

1.Name the phases starting at the top.

1. Name the phase2. Identify X3. Identify Y

5. Name the phase

6. Name the phase

welcome to class ! 11-30 and 12-1 warm up # 22-26 do your vocabulary set #10 (raptor time if not...

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