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Welcome toWelcome toCourse #7510Introduction to OSHAfor Small Businessesin the Printing Industry

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Objectives

1. Describe the tools OSHA uses to reduce workplace injuries and illnesses

2. Identify basic employer and employee responsibilities and rights under OSHA

3. Recognize how OSHA standards are organized and developed

4. Select the steps of the OSHA inspection process5. Recognize the four elements of a safety and

health management system6. Obtain information about compliance assistance

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Overview

Small Businesses• Represent more than 99.7% of employers• Employ more than half of all private sector

employees• Pay 44.5% of total U.S. private payroll• Generate 60 – 80% of new jobs annually

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OSHA’sEstablishment

• – Occupational Safety and Health Administration

• Law signed on December 29, 1970• To provide worker safety and health

protection

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• More than 14,000 worker deaths annually• 2.5 million workers disabled by work-related

injuries• Estimated 300,000 cases of work-related

illness

Why OSHA is Needed

Prior to 1970

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• Work-related fatalities cut by 62%

• Overall injury and illness rate reduced 42%

• Brown lung disease eliminated

• Trenching fatalities reduced 35%

OSHA’s Impact

Since 1970

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• Strong, fair and effective enforcement

• Outreach, education and compliance assistance

• Partnerships and other cooperative programs

OSHA’s Tools

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• When was the Occupational Safety and

Health Act signed?

• Why was OSHA necessary?

• What are the 3 tools OSHA uses to fulfill its mission?

Summary of Section 1 -Background of OSHA

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• All private sector employers and

their employees in the U.S. and its territories and jurisdictions

• Does not cover:• The self-employed• Immediate members of farming families with

no outside workers• Mine workers, certain truckers and

transportation workers, atomic energy workers• Public employees

OSHA Coverage

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OSHA Coverage

1. Dana Wilson, a public school teacher at Apple Valley Elementary.

2. Harry Adams, a miner at Below Ground Inc.

3. Adrian Smith, one of 3 employees of ABC landscaping.

4. Taylor Dell, an accountant in business for herself.

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• Provide a workplace free from recognized

hazards• Comply with OSHA standards and

regulations• Be familiar with standards applicable to

your workplace and make copies available

Major EmployerResponsibilities

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• Obtain free advice and on-site consultation

• Accompany compliance officer on inspection

• Request an informal conference• Contest citations and penalties

Major Employer Rights

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Responsibilities include:• Complying with OSHA standards • Wearing required PPE• Reporting hazards to supervisor

Rights include:• Reviewing standards• Receiving training• Requesting an OSHA investigation• Reviewing the OSHA 300 Log

Employee Responsibilitiesand Rights

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Section 11(c)

– Firing or laying off – Blacklisting – Demoting – Denying overtime or

promotion – Disciplining

– Denial of benefits – Failure to hire or rehire – Intimidation – Reassignment affecting

future promotions – Reducing pay or hours

Discrimination can include:

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• True or False? The OSH Act covers the self-employed.

• Name one of an employer’s three major responsibilities under OSHA.

• What is Section 11(c)?

Summary of Section 2 -Coverage, Responsibilitiesand Rights

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OSHA Standards Overview

29 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)

•1910 – General Industry

•1926 – Construction

•1915, 1917 & 1918 – Maritime

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Finding Standards on OSHA’s Website

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Frequently Cited Standards in the Printing Industry

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821910.1200 Hazard Communication

1910.147 Lockout/Tagout

1910.178 Powered Industrial Trucks

1910.212 Machine Guarding Requirements

1910.305 Electrical Wiring Methods

1910.219 Mechanical Power Transmission

1910.303 Electrical - General Requirements

1910.132 PPE

1904.29 I & I Forms

1910.37 ExitRoutes

Standards cited

Number of times the

standard was cited by Federal OSHA

October 2005 through September 2006.

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General Duty Clause

• Section 5(a)(1) of the Act

• Employers must furnish a place of employment free from recognized hazards

• Applies when there is no specific standard

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How OSHA DevelopsStandards

• OSHA initiates or in response to petitions from other parties

• Intention to propose, amend, or revoke a standard published in the Federal Register

• Interested parties may submit written information; OSHA may schedule a public hearing

• Final outcome is a standard or amendment, or a determination that none is necessary

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Reporting and Recordkeeping

• Report fatality/catastrophes within 8 hours

• Maintain injury and illness records

• Post annual summary February 1 to April 30

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• OSHA standards are broken into parts. Which part contains standards for General Industry?

• What must employers report to OSHA within eight hours?

Summary of Section 3 -Standards

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Inspection Priorities

• Imminent danger

• Catastrophes and fatal accidents

• Employee complaints

• Referrals

• Planned or Targeted inspections

• Follow-up inspections

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Inspection Process

• Opening conference

• Walk Around

• Closing conference

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Opening Conference

• Purpose of inspection is described• A copy of the complaint is provided, if applicable • Employees are included, unless employer objects • Scope of the inspection is discussed, including:

– Private employee interviews – Physical inspection of the workplace and records– Possible referrals– Discrimination complaints– Closing conference

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Walk Around Representatives

• Generally include employer designated and employee designated representatives

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Records Review

• Compliance Officer:– Checks that OSHA poster is displayed– Reviews injury and illness records for three

prior calendar years– Checks for posting of Injury and Illness

Summary (February 1 – April 30)

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Walk Around Inspection

• The main purpose of the walk around inspection is to identify potential safety and/or health hazards in the workplace

• Walk around includes:– Evaluation of safety and health program– Recording of all facts pertinent to an apparent

violation– Collecting samples– Taking photographs and video– Interviews

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Abatement Assistance

• CSHO’s will offer appropriate abatement assistance during the walk around as to how workplace hazards might be eliminated

• The information will provide guidance to the employer in developing acceptable abatement methods or in seeking appropriate professional assistance

• Use of specific product names when recommending abatement measures does not imply OSHA endorsement of any product or service

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Closing Conference

• At the conclusion of an inspection, the CSHO conducts a closing conference with the employer and the employee representatives, jointly or separately, as circumstances dictate.

• The closing conference may be conducted on site or by telephone, as determined by the CSHO

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OSHA Citations

Inform employers and employees of:

• Regulations and standards the employer allegedly violated

• Hazardous working conditions • Proposed length of time set for abatement of

hazards• Any proposed penalties

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Citations and Penalties

The CSHO reports findings to the area director, who evaluates them

If a violation exists, OSHA will issue a Citation and Notification of Penalty

Citations and notices of proposed penalties are sent by certified mail

Employer must post a copy of each citation at or near place where violation occurred, for 3 days or until violation abated, whichever is longer

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Violations andPenalties

• Other-than-serious

• Serious (up to $7,000)

• Willful (up to $70,000)

• Repeated (up to $70,000)

• Failure to abate

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Appeals Process

• May seek an informal conference or settlement prior to contest

• Contest must be done within 15 working days

• In writing to area office

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Informal Conferences

• Before deciding whether to file a contest, employers are encouraged to request an informal conference

• Informal conferences must be held within the 15 working day contest period

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Informal Conferences and Settlement

• During informal conferences, employers can:– Obtain a better explanation of the violations or

standards– Negotiate and enter into an informal settlement

agreement– Discuss methods of correction or problems with

abatement dates– Resolve disputed citations and penalties– Obtain answers to other questions

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Additional Information

• More information about informal conferences, the appeals process, and employer options following an OSHA inspection is available in:– OSHA Publication 3000, Employer Rights and

Responsibilities Following an OSHA Inspection http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3000.pdf

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• What are the stages of an OSHA inspection?

• What are the types of OSHA violations?

Summary of Section 4 -OSHA Inspection Process

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Safety and Health Management System

Four elements:

1. Management Leadership and Employee Involvement

2. Worksite Analysis

3. Hazard Prevention and Control

4. Safety and Health Training

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Element 1 - Management Leadership and Employee Involvement

Management Leadership

• Motivating force and resources

• Safety and health is a fundamental value

Employee Involvement

• Workers develop and express their own commitment to safety and health, for themselves and fellow workers

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Element 2 – Worksite Analysis

Involves 4 major actions:

• Comprehensive survey of facility

• Change analysis

• Routine job hazard analyses (JHA)

• Periodic and daily inspections

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Element 3 – Hazard Prevention and Control

Systems used to prevent and control hazards include:

• Engineering controls

• Safe work practices

• Administrative controls

• Personal protective equipment

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Element 4 – Safety and HealthTraining

Types of training include:• Orientation training

• Hazard recognition training

• Training required by OSHA standards

• Emergency response training

• Accident investigation training

• Emergency drill training

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• What are the four elements of a safety and health management system?

• What are some important factors in making your safety and health program successful?

Summary of Section 5 -Implementing a Safety& Health Management System

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Office of Small Business Assistance

• Administers On-Site Consultation Program

• Serves as liaison within OSHA for small businesses

• Provides outreach and compliance assistance to small businesses

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On-Site Consultation Program

• Free, confidential advice to small and medium-sized businesses

• Priority to high-hazard worksites• Separate from enforcement• No penalties or citations• Employers may qualify for a one-

year exemption from routine inspections

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Other Cooperative Programs

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Compliance Assistance

• Compliance assistance resources

• Compliance Assistance Specialists (CASs)

• OSHA website

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Training

• OSHA Office of Training and Education

• OSHA Training Institute Education Centers

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• What are some benefits of working with the On-Site Consultation program?

• How would you obtain information on resources available to small businesses?

Summary of Section 6 -Assistance toSmall Businesses

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Review of Objectives

• Describe the tools OSHA uses to reduce workplace injuries and illnesses

• Identify basic employer and employee responsibilities and rights under OSHA

• Recognize how OSHA standards are organized and developed

• Select the steps of the OSHA inspection process• Recognize the four elements of a safety and health

management system• Obtain information about compliance assistance

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Closing

• Any questions?

• Remember to turn in evaluation forms

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