welcome to ctec 4343 construction safety & health
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Welcome to CTEC 4343 Construction Safety & Health. Instructor: Lee Reynolds, Associate Professor Department of Engineering Technology Texas Tech University. Welcome to CTEC 4343 Construction Safety & Health. Overview of Today’s Lecture. Administrative Matters - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Instructor:
Lee Reynolds, Associate Professor
Department of Engineering Technology
Texas Tech University
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Overview of Today’s LectureOverview of Today’s LectureAdministrative Matters
– Website: http://129.118.86.167 Office Schedule User ID: ctec4343 Password: et4343s07 Key Sections of CTEC 4343 Website
– Historical Perspective of Safety & Health
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Student Learning ObjectivesStudent Learning Objectives
Know major events in the history of safety and health
Know labor contributionsList some safety and health organizations in
existence today
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Office and Class Schedule for Professor Reynolds
Spring Semester Office Location: ME 224A
Office Phone: 742-3539-Ext 233Email: [email protected]
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Specialization ('Standard Industrial Classification, assigned by the U.S. Department of Commerce)
SIC Code
General contractor, single family 1521
General contractor, nonresidential 154
Highway & street construction 161
Bridge, tunnel, & elevated highways 1622
Plumbing, heating, & air conditioning 171
Painting, paperhanging, & decorating 172
Masonry, stonework, & tile setting 174
Plastering, drywall, & acoustical 1742
Carpeting & flooring 175
Concrete work 177
Structural steel erection 1792
Glass & glazing work 1793
Wrecking & demolition 1795
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The concept of shared liability contributes to the following potential problems for construction companies:
•Construction companies can find themselves named in a lawsuit filed by someone they do not even employ when the concept of shared liability is used to couple them with another company.
•Courts often hold general contractors at least partially liable for the actions of their subcontractors, claiming that, if they did not know about unsafe conditions, they should have.
•Construction companies that serve as general contractors are expected to exercise control over all aspects of a construction project and can be held liable.
•The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) tends to hold all parties accountable (general contractors and subcontractors), even if they are not directly involved in a given violation
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Major topics on the health and safetymovement covered in this presentation:
Developments before the Industrial Revolution.
Milestones in the Safety Movement
Role of Organized Labor
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Development of Accident Prevention Programs
Development of Safety Organizations
Safety and Health Movement Today
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• What is Occupational Safety and Health?
• It is the discipline concerned with preserving and protecting human and capital resources in the workplace.
• What does occupational safety and health mean to society and business?
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• Economics
• Moral
• Legal
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• 2000 BC - Code of Hammurabi• Code of all laws of the
land• Included clauses on personal losses
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• 400 BC - Greek and Roman Physicians• Noted concerns for individuals
exposed to metals
• 200 AD - Galen• Roman physician wrote about
dangers of acid mists to copper miners
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• 1500 AD - Paracelsus • Studied miners diseases. His
studies formed the basis of modern toxicology (study of poisons)
“All things are poisonous and none inherently poisonous. Only a dose determines severity.”
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• Bernardo Ramazzini - Disease of Workers• Urged physicians to ask patients
“What trade are you in?”
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• 1700 - Percival Pott • Observed the first
occupational cancers
• Scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps
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• Inanimate Power• Substitute Machines for
people• New methods for converting
raw materials• Division of labor
•Frederick W. Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911•The Assembly line
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• Factory inspections in MA.
• Mining laws in PA.
• Safeguarding for hazardous machines in MA.
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• None Prior to 1970• States had the responsibility for health
and safety laws.• Laws were usually industry specific
and inadequately funded• Injury and Illness rates were perceived as
too high.• Pressure from Organized Labor
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0
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4
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1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Years
OS
HA
In
jury
Rate
pe
r 100 W
ork
ers
Injury Rate Linear (Injury Rate)
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Years
De
ath
Rate
pe
r 100,0
00 W
ork
ers
Death Rate Linear (Death Rate)
OSHAct of 1970
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• What has changed in the last 50 years?
•More technology
•More mechanization
•Less labor
•More service based business
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• Helped to overturn several anti-labor laws relating to safety and health.
• Fellow servant rule
• Contributory negligence
• Assumption of risk
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Unsafe Acts 88%
Unsafe Conditions 10%
Unsafe Causes 2%
Total cases of workplace accidents
100%
According to engineering theory, people, not unsafe conditions were the greatest cause of accidents.
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• First Safety Program - Steel mills in PA. 1887
• Focus of programs on the 3 E’s of Safety
•Engineering
•Enforcement
•Education
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•1867 Massachusetts introduces
factory inspection.
•1868 Patent awarded to first
barrier safeguard.
•1869 Pennsylvania passes law requiring
two exits from all mines and the Bureau
of Labor Statistics is formed.
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• 1877 Massachusetts passes law requiring safeguards on hazardous machines and the Employer’s Liability Law is passed.
• 1892 First recorded safety program is established.
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1907 Bureau of Mines created by U.S. Department of the Interior. 1908 Concept of Worker’s Compensation is introduced in the United States.
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1911 Wisconsin passed first effective worker’s compensation law in the U.S. and New Jersey becomes first state to uphold a worker’s compensation law.
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1912 First cooperative safety conference meets in Milwaukee.
1913 National Council of Industrial Safety is formed.
1915 National Council of Industrial Safety changes name to National Safety Council.
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1916 Concept of negligent manufacture is established (product liability).
1936 National Silicosis Conference convened by U.S. Secretary of Labor.
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1965, Federal Metal and Non-Metallic Mine Safety Act.
1965, Federal Coal Mine and Safety Act
1965, Contact Workers and Safety standards Act
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1970 Occupational Health and Safety Act passes.
1977 Federal Mine Safety Act passes.
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1986 Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act.
1990 Amended Clean Air Act of 1970.
1996 Introduction of Total Safety Management (TSM) concept.
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SummarySummary
Remaining Slides list organizations concerned with safety and health
Your vocation will interface you with one of the more hazardous environments
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Alliance for American Insurers
American Board of Industrial
Hygiene
American Council of Government
Industrial Hygienists
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American Industrial Hygiene
Association
American Insurance Association
American National Standards Institute
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American Occupational Medical Association
American Society of Safety Engineers
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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American Society of Safety Engineers
American Society for Testing and Materials
Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
Human Factors Society
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National Fire Protection Association
National Safety Council
National Safety Management Society
Society of Automotive Engineers
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System Safety Society
Underwriters Laboratory
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American Public Health Association
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Bureau of National Affairs
Commerce Clearing House
Environmental Protection Agency
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National Institute of Standards and technology (formerly national Bureau of Standards)
National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
Superintendent of Document, U.S. Government Printing Office
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.
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Six Reasons for preventing accidents and occupational illnesses:
Needless destruction of life and health morally unjustified.
Failure to take necessary precautions against accidents and illnesses morally wrong.
Severely limit efficiency and productivity.
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Far reaching social harm.
Safety movement demonstrated its techniques effective.
State and federal laws mandate responsibility.
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Safety and Health long history dating back to Egyptian pharaohs and Hammurabi code.
U.S. milestones include 1st recorded safety program, Creation of Bureau of Mines, passage of 1st effective worker’s compensation law,OSHA law.
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Work of unions to overturn anti-labor laws.
Specific health problems of miners’ diseases, mercury poisoning, and asbestos.
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widely used accident prevention techniques.
Development of safety organizations.
Today’s characterization of integration and professionalism.