Welcometo

Design Studies 1A

STRUCTURES

who am I ?Mike Rosenman

where am I ?Room 279

contact ?Ph: 9351 5933 Fax: 9351 3031

Email: mike@arch.usyd.edu.auhttp://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike

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web

http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike

• BDes Year 1 - Design Studies - Structures

• Course Material

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texts

Cowan H. J., Gunaratnam D. and Wilson F. (1995). Structural Systems, Dept of Arch and Design Science, University of Sydney

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Building Principle Notes (on web)

course objectives● introduce concepts of structure

in architecture

● introduce some simple building structural systems

● introduce the structural use of materials

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course outcomes

● an understanding of the physical properties and behaviour of materials

● an understanding of the forces acting on buildings and the way structures respond to these forces

● the ability to analyse and design simple structural systems

● a familiarity with different simple structural systems

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assessment

● labs & reports x 3 (1 + 2)

● assignment (sem 1)

● work sheets x 8 (sem 2)

MASTERY TASKS

SUMMATIVE

FORMATIVE

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● test (sem 2)

why learn structures?

● not to make you structural engineers

● better designers

● able to communicate with structural engineers

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what’s it all about ?

● preventing gross errors

● making intelligent decisions regarding

● selection of structural system

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● selection & sizing of members

229. If a builder build a house for some one, and does not

construct it properly, and the house which he built fall

in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to

death.

230. If it kill the son of the owner the son of that builder shall

be put to death.

231. If it kill a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for

slave to the owner of the house.

232. If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that

has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct

properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-

erect the house from his own means.

233. If a builder build a house for some one, even though he

has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling,

the builder must make the walls solid from his own

means.

code of Hammurabi

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nature of structure a building is a balancing act

human space does not exist until enclosed by structure

enclosure of space

resistance of structure vs

forces of nature

TRUCTUR

S E

function of structure

● to resist all the forces (loads) acting on the building

● to transfer them to supports (the ground)

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3 main considerations

Stability - equilibrium building must not move - up, sideways or overturn all forces and moments must balance

Strength building must not break / collapse

Stiffness - functionality building must continue to serve its purpose must not deform too much

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designing structures

no right answer

larger the enclosed space - more need for structural efficiency

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little skill required to designbuilding which will stand up

Structural Analysis & Design

analyse a structure

design a structure

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given a structure, determine whether it is satisfactory

given some requirements, come up with a structure that satisfies those requirements

Design Problem

many solutions

ill-defined

problem conceptual – solution concrete

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Design

what is the answer?

how to achieve required properties?

that is the question

suitable arrangementof suitable elements

= structure

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Considerations modes of failure

a) stiffness - functional

b) stability

• didn’t allow for unsymmetrical loads

c) strength

• didn’t allow object through before or after

• deformations too large

• mechanism not structure • led to collapse through toppling, overturning

• elements broke

• bending of beams, buckling of supports

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Knowledge Required

loads and supports types - load paths

beams, trusses, arches, cables,

types of structures

precedents bridges, bookshelves, floors, roofs, ….

actions and reactions

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Knowledge Required (cont.)

equilibrium / stability moments - types of joints - topology

modes of failure compression, tension, bending, shear, buckling

material behaviour stress and strain

section properties shape and size

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Designing the Structure

same as any act of designing

select suitable elements

locate elements

provide necessary relationships

achieve required performance

overall system

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Reading Structure

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www.structurae.net/structures

www.salvadori.org/aoc/

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http://www.structurae.net/structures

W. H. Smith (1980). The world’s Great Architecture, Hamlyn, London

Vickers G. (1998). Key Moments in Architecture, Hamlyn, London

images from

why

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make certain decisions?

what is the functionality?

why this form?

why this system and materials?

why these sizes?

what are welooking at?

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loads & failure

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structural systems

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materials

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