INDIA THE FIRST STOP

FOR EXPLORATION & MINING THROUGH INVESTMENT OF VENTURE CAPITAL-HAVING ENORMOUS POTENTIALITIES

Naga -A

ndaman

fo ld belt

Indo Gangeticalluvial plains

and Thar Desert

Deccan Trap

Himalaya

Peninsular India

INDIA HAS A LONG HERITAGE IN MINING.

The tell - tale evidences left includes:

the old workings,

the slag heaps,

the retorts used for smelting etc.

World was introduced to the splendour of diamond by I ndia in 400BC.

I ndia the sole supplier to the world till discovery of Brazilian(1728) and South African diamond field(1870) .

Ancient mining areas are confined to the Proterozoic conglomerates and younger alluvial gravel beds.

Majhgawan pipe in Panna, MP is only diamond mine.

Recent exploration has located 80 kimberlite pipes of which 22 are diamondiferous.

India is known for its world famous diamonds since historical times.

The celebrated diamonds of India are :

Great Moghul (787.5/289+9/16 ct), the Koh-i-noor, (180 ?/108.93)-Jewel of British CrownPitt/ Regent (410/141 ct), Lover s Museum, ParisNizam (440 ct),Hope, blue diamond (112/67 ct), Smithsonian Inst, WashingtonOrloff(300 ?/189.62 ct),: Kremlin Museum, MoscowDaryia-i- noor(185 ct), Iranian Crown Jewel, TehranSha : (95/88.7 cts) : Kremlin, MoscowGreat Table (250?/Not known) : Iran

The celebrated diamonds known to have been recovered from the mines along the alluvial tracts of Krishna River, perhaps aptly referred to as Diamond River by Ptolemy.

Kohinoor:180/108.93 ct

British Crown JewelDariya I noor:185 ct, Iranian crown Jewel

Hope: 67/45

Orlov:300/189.62

Kremlin, Museum Moscow Smithsonian Inst.

Washington

GOLD

I ndia has gold mining antiquity and was a leading producer from 1897-1937.

Kolar gold field has produced + 800tones of gold.Current production of gold comes from the Achaean

Greenstone belts of Karnataka and Jharkhand.Geological prospectivity exists in :

Achaean Granite-greenstone terrainProterozoic fold belt/ Supracrustal beltGranulite terrain in South I ndiaLaterite and Placer gold

Recent finds: Dona, Achaean Greenstone Terrain,AP : 19 tonnesBhukia ,Proterozoic fold belt of Rajasthan: 94 tonnes

Parasi, Proterozoic fold belt of Jharkhand: 4tonnes

IndiaIndia

India is the biggest consumer of gold. Annual consumption (855 tonnes)

outweighs production (~8Tonnes)

Huge scope for exploration and exploitation with a ready available market

Presence of old workings still considered a strong positive clue for base metal prospecting.Major basemetal deposits being

exploited includes: Khetri (133x1.3), Malanjkhand(236x1.28), RampuraAgucha(61x12-13), Sindheswar(324x4-7), etc

Indian subcontinent has ancient history of base metal (copper) mining and smelting dating back to Harappan and Mahenjodaro civilization (2000-2300 B.C.)

Geological environment and Geographical extent:

Hosted mainly in late-Archaean to early Proterozoic supracrustal belts and granitoids.

BASEMETAL

0 100km

24°

25°

26°

27°

28°

29°

30°

70° 71° 72° 73° 74° 75° 76° 77° 78°

30°

29°

28°

27°

26°

25°

24°

78°77°76°75°74°73°72°71°70°

JAISALMER

BIKANER

BARMER

JALOR

JODHPUR

NAGAUR

GANGANAGAR

HANUMANGARH

CHURU

JHUNJUNU

SIKAR

DAUSA

ALWAR

BHARATPUR

DHAULPUR

SAWAIMADHOPURTONK

BARANKOTA

BUNDI

JHALAWAR

BHILWARA

CHITTORGARH

BANSWARA

DUNGARPUR

UDAIPUR

AJMER

PALI

Mangalwar Complex

Untala & Gingla granites (2.9 Ga)

Sandmata Complex

Berach Granite (2.5 Ga)

Granites & Granulites in Sandmata

Hindoli Group

Aravalli Supergroup

Pur-Banera, Rajpura-Dariba, SawarJahazpur, Jasma-Bhinder beltsLunavada Group

Khetri belt

Delhi Supergroup

Vindhyan Supergroup

Marwar Supergroup

Rakhabdev ultramafics

Mesozoic & Tertiary of Jaisalmer

Deccan Trap

Quaternary

GEOLOGICAL MAP OFRAJASTHAN

(Map outline from 2 million map of GSI)

Digitised by: D.J.Das Gupta, Geologist (Sr), W.R., Jaipur

Sawar belt

Pur Banera belt

Rajpura-Dariba belt

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF RAJASTHAN SHOWING MINERAL DISTRIBUTION

Zawar

Rajpura-Dariba

Agucha

Sawar

Khetri

Bhukia

Kayar

Kho-Dariba

Pur-Banera

Pindwara-Watera

Copper

Lead-ZincGold

Mineral Province map of IndiaMineral Province map of India

Archaean - ProterozoicCu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn, Au, W, U, Mo in volcani-sedimentary sequencesFe, Mn, Mg, Base metals, phosphorite in sedimentary environmentPGE, Cr, Ni, diamond in ultramafic rocksBase metals, Au, Mo associated with acid-intermediate magmatismSn, W, mica, rare metals related to late hydrothermal / pneumatolytic processes

70843738-DOLOMITE9.

247846.8511100025000COAL10.

38095-MANGANESE ORE6.

491(metal) tonnes9.84GOLD ORE7.

213173.4CHROMITE8.

13944553.40COPPER ORE5.

5222414.87LEAD-ZINC ORE4.

17045872229-LIMESTONE3.

33062489254BAUXITE2.

14630(magne.10619)

114705000IRON ORE (Hematite)

1.

Resource Position as on

2005

Resource Position in 1980

Resource Position in

1955

Ore/MineralSl.No

RESOURCES OF MAJOR MINERALS ESTIMATEDRESOURCES OF MAJOR MINERALS ESTIMATED

(Resources in million tonnes unless otherwise stated)(Resources in million tonnes unless otherwise stated)

21098319941178.72(46.66MT reserve)

CHROMITE

606.662 Kg30 Kg553Not estimated

184.47(10.08MTreserve)

GOLD ORE

7.6336173842295.06 ( 104.54MT reserve)

MN-ORE

864 (tonnes)

78,985 (tonnes)38203977084.20DOLOMITE

1036186154,125250170458LIMESTONE

1059 Pb+ 37550 Zn (tonnes)

834(Pb)+ 327.68 Zn Conc. tonnes

366040485.11(100.83MT reserve)

LEAD-ZINC ORE

697.636 (tonnes)

121.173 (tonnes)

2903751338.38(289.57 reserve)

COPPER ORE

441785109562062925.55(524.09 MT reserve)

BAUXITE

52057.094120601100Hm:11425 (6025MT reserve)

Mt :10682 (286 MT reserve)

IRON ORE

Import in thousand tonnes, 2003-04

Export in thousand tonnes

, 2003-04

Production in thousand tonnes,

2003-04

Life index Resource as on 1.1.2000 (IBM)(UNFC)

Mineral commodity

LIFE INDEX, EXPORT IMPORT OF MINERALS

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Coal Lignite

1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

Manganese Chromite Gold

1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

Iron Ore Limestone

1955 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

3 5 0 0

C o p p e r o r e L e a d - Z in c o r e B a u x it e

1 9 5 5 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 5 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 5

IndiaIndia s ranking in world production of s ranking in world production of mineralsminerals

Wollastonite : FirstBaryte & Chromite : SecondCoal & Lignite : ThirdIron ore : FourthBauxite : SixthMica & Mn ore : EighthMagnesite : Ninth

Exploration success comparable to developed countries in terms of Rickad s index.None to match performance in ferrous minerals and bauxite.In base metals exploration, success rate is better or equal to USA, Australia, Canada and Europe

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION

GROWTH OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN INDIAGROWTH OF MINERAL INDUSTRY IN INDIA

India produces 90 varieties of minerals and recorded production value of US $ 16670 million.

Mineral share in GDP was 2.11% (2004-05)

Fuel mineral account for 76%, Metallic 11% and non-metallic 3%.

9131 ( as on 31.3.2003) Mining leases granted covering 6,20,3.72 sq.km.

India exported Diamond (76.4%), iron ore(10.4%), granite (5%), alumina (1.6%) and precious and semiprecious stones minerals worth US $ 11090 million

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION

ALL INDIA POSITIONALL INDIA POSITION

337231412095994581913Diamond(in Carats)

222590010634963289397Bauxite

71785141277213063Chromite

4884653311417Copper(Metal Content)

42,15831,83073,988Barytes

FreeholdResources

LeaseholdResources

TotalResources

Mineral

Resources in 000 Tonnes

ALL INDIA POSITIONALL INDIA POSITION

89901526924259Zinc(Metal)

88631289938378569Manganese Ore

370735007207Lead(Metal)

5676408895397914630387Iron Ore(Haematite)

1011254850693310619481Iron Ore(Magnetite)

15054903919909617170458656Limestone*

1523686898159267Graphite*

FreeholdResources

LeaseholdResources

TotalResources

Mineral

Resources in 000 Tonnes

* Position as on 01.04.2000

I NDI A EXPLORATI ON & MI NI NG MI SSI ON

I ndia comfortably placed in resource position I ndia comfortably placed in resource position and exploitability in several mineral and exploitability in several mineral commodities but is import dependent on quite commodities but is import dependent on quite a few minerals.a few minerals.

To fulfill the rising demands efforts to To fulfill the rising demands efforts to augment the resource base through induction augment the resource base through induction of modern technology and of modern technology and adequate fund flow adequate fund flow is essential. is essential.

To convert the needs into reality, significant To convert the needs into reality, significant changes in the National Mineral Policy have changes in the National Mineral Policy have

been been proposed to the proposed to the Government for Government for consideration.consideration.

STRENGTH :High geological potential & reliable geo-scientific database.

_ Ancient mining activity.Rapidly developing infrastructure.Large technical manpower availability.Political stability & rule of law.Organized banking system & dynamic financial institutions.Investor friendly Govt. policy and new policy initiatives.

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION

WeaknessWorld class deposits exist and are being exploited. Available identified prospects are small and medium sized and have been prospected up to a shallow depth.Resources are much more than reserve. Resources have to be converted to reserve.Inadequate availability of venture capital, developing infrastructure, obsolete technology resulted in low productivity.

OpportunityLarge area reconnaissance permit including aerial survey.Exploration and exploitation of thirteen minerals

Conversion of resource to reserve for small and medium sized deposits. Deeper probing to augment reserve.

Modern technology for discovery of concealed deposit and conceptual oriented exploration in known metallogenic provinces and virgin areas..

India continues to be a net importer of minerals and metals.

Opportunities for fresh investmentOpportunities for fresh investmentDevelopment and augmentation of production of surplus commodities like iron ore, bauxite, coal, beach placers etc.

Development of known deposits of economic and marginal deposits of economic and marginal categories awaiting exploitation such as basemetal deposits of Bihar, Rajasthan and some other sectors

Cluster mining of small deposits of gold , tungsten, basemetals etc.

Concept oriented regional scanning in known metallogenic provinces and virgin areas for locating additional resources of gold, diamond, basemetal, tungsten, tin , molybdenum etc.

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION

Opportunities for fresh investmentOpportunities for fresh investment

Search for mineral commodities which are yet to be located (except in few places): such as PGE, Ni- sulphide, some rare earths and rare metals in conducive metallogenic provinces.

Development of placer gold resource located along the frontal belt of Himalaya and other selected sectors of Peninsular India.

Exploitation of lateritic nickel in Orissa, molybdenum in Tamil Nadu, Scheelite resource located in various parts of the country and gem stones.

Augmentation of recoverable resources of chromite and manganese.

Development of offshore placers and coal bed methane.

INDIA EXPLORATION & MINING MISSION

Threat

Uncertainty in the field of mineral exploration and the success rate

. Here shall he see no enemy but winter and rough weather .

16% of the world population inhabiting 2.4% of land area will require natural resources for sustainable development.

Shortage of resources of many critical minerals

Low per capita consumption today: accelerated growth likely to trigger off tremendous demand for mineral resources including water.

Conducive environment being created through liberalized mineral policy.

The explorers and miners of this millennium will have to search for natural resources for tangible solutions for the mutual benefits

Technical and scientific manpower available on mutually agreed terms in all the fields of exploration and exploitation from GSI, IBM, MECL.Field visits can be organized as a package deal.Prospect based geochemical maps available. Regional geochemical maps are being generated through Regional geochemical mapping.

Geological map : Quadrangle sheet (1:250,000):India covered by 394 sheets , 282 already available in printed form.Geological map : 1:50,000; India covered by 5014 sheets : 4176 sheets have been compiled and available.Library facility, having a data base of over 155 years is accessible for published material and for unpublished material (reading only).In addition district resource maps and mineral belt maps are also available.Analytical facilities with instruments like ICP-MS, ICP-AES, XRF, GF-AAS etc can be availed.

Derivative maps produced by aero geophysical survey and remote sensing can be available on customized demand.General Information Dossier (GID) giving general picture of the mineral potential of various geological domains/milieu available for : Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Iron ores, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromite, Tungsten and Copper-lead-zinc.

Basic data on mineral provinces, belts and known deposits and occurrences available in the form of detailed information dossier (DID): on Gold, Diamond, Bauxite, Iron ores, Manganese, Molybdenum, Chromite, Tungsten and Copper-lead-zinc. DID gives an idea about the potentiality of each block explored so that prospective investors can apply for PL/ML and obtain GSI regional exploration report carried out in various stages (P-I,P-II, E-I & E-II) and MECL detailed exploration report, after getting the mineral concessions.