welcome to psychology-12

7/31/2019 Welcome to Psychology-12

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Welcome to Psychology

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1.1 Why Study Psychology?

Psychology provides tools tohelp us gain insight into our

own behavior, as well as our

relationships with others.

Definition of Psychology: thescientific study of behavior

and mental processes.

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Psychological Needs

are things like love,comfort, security

Physiological Needs

are physical Needs arethings you have to have

like food, water, sleep.3


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4 Goals of Psychology:(yes, write these down they will be on the test also located on pg. 10 in your text,

if your text is

not open then you need to be opening it now)

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Learning about psychology can helpyou gain

a better understanding

of your own behavior.

knowledge about howpsychologists study

human and animalbehavior.

practical applicationsfor enriching your life.

Example: The child throws a fitevery time he goes to Wal-Mart

and his mom says no by thecandy aisle.

fotosearch.com

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Psychology is

Empirical

that

means information is

obtained through

observation and

experimentation

not

common sense or

guessing.

moisiadis.com6


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By accumulating knowledge we are able to predict what

people or animals will do or think in certain situations andpredict future behaviors. 7


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Basic Science:Research Ex. Research ondrug effects on the brain.

Applied Science:putting that research to usefor a purpose Example:Using research on how drugseffect the brain to come upwith a new antidepressant tohelp people suffering from

depression.

There are two types of

science that influencespsychology.

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Last point: Psychology is a behavioralscience. Psychologists rely on the scientificmethod to obtain their data.

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Pseudoscience

Greek for False Science Examples:

Horoscopes, Astrology, Phrenology

scienceandsociety.emory.edu

24medialabs.com

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Chapter 1.2:

History of Psychology

Aristotle (384-322 BCE.)

Started asking how the mind

and the body were related??

Were the separate or related??

Are ideas inborn or is themind a blank slate filled by

experience?en.wikipedia.org

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Rene Descartes I think therefore I am

Pioneer philosopher.He was brilliant.Descartes also madegreat strides in

geometry. Greatscientific mind, wasasked and asked againby the QueenChristinia of Swedento come teach herphilosophy. He

forcibly went andcaught ammonia whilewaiting for her anddied.

plato.stanford.edu

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Rene Descartes' Illustration ofinputs passed on by the sensoryorgans to the epiphysis in thebrain and from there to theimmaterial spirit.

Dualism: the concept of the mind and bodyare separate and distinct.

Descartes held that, unlikehumans, animals could bereductively explained asautomata De homines 1622)

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/35/Descartes_mind_and_body.gif


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEr8hnvzeHU

Dualism

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEr8hnvzeHUhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lEr8hnvzeHU


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Foundations of Modern

Psychology Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Theory of natural selection (1859)

Darwins theory encouraged scientific inquiry

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Okay Psychology is going to go through atransition. It actually goes through severaltransitions to brace for the ride. (Epcot)

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3 Things you need to rememberabout your daddy:

1. Wilhelm Wundt opened thefirst psychology laboratoryin Germany.

2. Changed psychology from aphilosophy to a science.

3. Studied introspection.Introspection meanslooking within yourself.How do you feel about thisor that. How does that rose

make you feel? 19


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William James(1842-1910)

Broke down consciousness to basicthoughts.

Introspection - self-observationof ones own conscious experiences

Investigate the function, or purposeof consciousness rather than its

structureLeaned toward applied work

(natural surroundings) Environment

Wilhelm Wundt

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William James Whatyou have two daddies? Yes,one is your American

Daddy. Known as the

Father of American

Psychology. You also needto know he wrote the 1st

Psychology Book.

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Phrenology

led scientists to studythe bumps on the headto determine humanbehavior Phrenologyis considered apseudoscience (FalseScience)

sparkmuseum.com

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Inherited TraitsSir Francis Galton said that heredity influences a

persons abilities, character, and behavior. For example, if your

parents are mentally challenged then you should be sterilized so

that you dont have mentally challenged children.

His cousin was Charles Darwin, began eugenics movement.

indyweek.com

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alexbinetti.wordpress.com

Gestalt Psychology

MaxWertheimer

(1880-1943)

The whole is different than

the sum of its parts.

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Can you read this?

This is bcuseae the

huammn mnid deos notraed ervey lteter by

istlef, but the word as awlohe. Amzanig, huh?


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What is it?? We like to fill in the gaps

so that we see objects as wholes.

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New Transition

Contemporary Approaches:

These are the ones we will use the rest

of the semester!! Yes write them

down!!!In fact put the list under your

pillow at night so that you can dream

about them and then unconsciouslyyou

will remember them. This is also how

the book is broken up into. Pg. 1827


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Contemporary Psychology Psychologys Perspectives

A lot depends on your viewpoint

You have 6 to remember:

1.Psychoanalysis2.Cognitive3.Behaviorial4.Biological

5.Socio-cultural6.Humanistic

On your test you will have to write aParagraph about each one and

include a founding father.

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Psychoanalytic Psychology


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Study of unconscious motives and conflicts thatdetermine behavior.

Unconscious are motives that you are not aware of. Forinstance if someone with brown hair rejects you, thenyou might not talk to people with that color hair.

Conscious are motives that you are aware of.

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Study of unconscious motives and conflicts thatdetermine behavior.

Freud used the technique called free association Hewould say a word and you would say the first wordthat popped in your head and he would thenanalysis what is going on in your unconscious.

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Sigmund Freud:Father of Psychoanalysis NOT psychology!!!!

Unconscious expressed indreams & slips of the tongue

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sciencedaily.com

Cognitive Approach

Cognitive Psychologists return

to the study of learning,memory, perception, language,

development & problemsolving Example: Is your boyfriend

dumping you traumatic or do you justthink it is therefore you are depressed?

Or..your ability to do math compared to a

5 year old. You can understand abstract

thinking that goes along with statistics.

Cognition is the mental processesinvolved in acquiring, processing,

storing & using information

child-development-guide.com

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Cognitive Approach

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JEAN PIAGET


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JEAN PIAGET

1896

1980 Worked in France

administering BinetsIQ test.

Children do not thinklike adults. Why?

Created 4 stages ofcognitive ability that

accurately explain thebehavior of children.

Influenced teachersand school system.

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Biological Approach

FocusHow the body and brain

create emotions, memories,

and sensory experiences.

Sample Issues Depression and antidepressants. Problems

with thyroids. How are messages transmitted within the

body?

How is blood chemistry linked with moods

and motives? 35
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hypothalamus.jpg/150px-Hypothalamus.jpg&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology&h=158&w=150&sz=7&hl=en&start=6&um=1&tbnid=iQbzEsNnXufmlM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=92&prev=/images?q=biological+psychology&ndsp=20&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&rlz=1T4ADBF_enUS274US274&sa=N


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Behavioral Approach

Scientific Psychologyshould focus on

observable behavior.

John Watson(1878-1958)

Ivan Pavlov

If you do a trick I willgive you a treat.

B.F. Skinner 36


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B F SKINNER


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B. F. SKINNER

1904

1990Operant Conditioning-Organisms learnbehavior through theconsequences of thatbehavior.

Reinforcement vs.Punishment

Shaping-learningcomplex behaviorsthrough learning smallsteps of that behavior.

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Social-Cultural ApproachFocus

How behavior and thinkingvary across situations

and cultures.

Sample Issues How are we, as members of different races andnationalities, alike as members of one human family? How do we differ, as products of different social contexts? Why do people sometimes act differently in groups thanwhen alone?

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Humanistic Approach

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Carl Rogers believed in client centered therapyAbraham Maslow came up with the Hierarchy of needs


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What Causes Behavior?

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Fields of Psychology

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Psychologist is someone who is

trained to observe and influencebehavior in people.

Psychiatrist is a medical doctorthat can prescribe medicine.


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Work In Psychology (?)

Universities &Colleges

27.2%

Elementary/Secondary

Schools

4.2%

Hospitals,Counseling,Clinics, etc.

22.3%

Business,Government orConsulting

12.1%

IndependentPractice

33.1%

welcome to psychology-12

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