welcome to the qbcc roadshow · 2018-11-13 · standard of painting •painting is defective if it...

Welcome to the QBCC Roadshow

October 2018

Chris Munday CEO / President Master Painters Association Queensland

President Master Painters Australia

Painting Defect

What is a painting defect?

STANDARD OF PAINTING

• Painting is defective if it does not comply with the manufacturer’s installation instructions or AS/NZS 2311 – Guide to the painting of buildings.

• Coatings used are to be suitable for the relevant conditions and relevant wear and tear.

What is a Painting

Defect?

INSPECTING THE PAINTWORK

• Variations in the surface colour, texture and finish of walls, ceilings, floors and roofs, are to be viewed where possible from a normal viewing position.

• A normal viewing position is looking from a distance of 1.5 m or greater (600 mm for appliances and fixtures), with the surface or material being illuminated by ‘non-critical light’.

Painting Defects


AS/NZS -2311 (C4 Final Inspections)

Illumination by “NON CRITICAL LIGHT” means the light that strikes the surface is diffused and is not glancing, or parallel to that surface.

Painting Defects

Glancing Light

Acute or critical angle of lighting shows up small undulations

and imperfections by:

• Poor design permitting strong external natural light

sources to fall on a wall and ceiling surfaces at acute

angles

• Poor internal lighting design detailing strong unshaded

surface mounted lights or feature lighting that strikes the

wall or ceiling surface at acute angles

• Poorly aligned substrate framing

• Excessive patching of plasterboard

• Poorly set joints

• Inadequate paint coverage

• Inadequate back rolling of paint


Paintwork is defective if the application results in

Paint Runs, Sagging and Curtaining:

Runs, sags and curtains are the downwards movement of

paint that can appear shortly after application and before

the setting of the paint.

What causes paint runs, sags and curtains?

• Paint was applied in excess of the dry film specified.

• Excessive or improper thinner / reducer has been

added to the paint

• The object being painted was too cold

Painting Defect



Wrinkling:

Wrinkles occur when uncured paint forms a "skin,"

leaving the surface rough and crinkled

What causes paint wrinkling?

• Not allowing undercoats to dry properly

• Applying paint on to a hot surface

• The paint layer is too heavy

• Exposing uncured paint to water or high humidity

Painting Defect


Paintwork is defective if the application results visible Bare or Starved painted areas:

5 possible reasons the paint did not cover:

1. No primer / sealer or undercoat. Variation in the porosity of the substrate..

2. Paint was applied under the specified required coats and the dry film thickness.

3. The product base, and the colour can influence a visual coverage outcome

4. Did not use the right tools for the work carried out

5. There are varying degrees in quality of paint, lower quality paints are generally lower in the Titanium Dioxide pigment.

Painting Defect


Paintwork is defective if the application results in Dirt or any other foreign bodies are in the coating:

Foreign bodies such as deposits of dried paint and dust is the most common.

5 Possible reasons for this to occur:

1. Poor preparation

2. Lack of sanding prior to final coats

3. Insufficient cleaning

4. Contaminated paint product

5. Contaminated tools and equipment

.

Painting Defect


Paintwork is defective if the application results in Irregular and coarse brush and roller marks:

Roller marks or stipple is the unintentional textured

pattern left in the paint by the roller.

What causes brush and roller marks to occur?

• Use of incorrect roller cover

• Use of lower quality brush

• Use of lower grades of paint

• Use of low quality roller

• Poor application technique

Painting Defect



Spray painting defects:

Possible Cause:

• Lack of preparation

• No tape or plastic masking

• Possible over pressure blow out

• Poor operator technique

• Equipment malfunction

Painting Defect



Blistering:

Paint blisters or bubbles occur when the paint film lifts from the underlying surface. The loss of adhesion between the paint film and surface is usually caused by heat, moisture or a combination of both..

• Painting a warm surface in direct sunlight

• Application of paint over a damp or wet surface

• Moisture escaping through the exterior walls (less likely with latex paint than with oil-based or alkyd paint)

• Exposure of latex paint film to dew, high humidity or rain shortly after paint has dried, especially if there was inadequate surface preparation

Painting Defect



Uniformity of gloss level, which is inconsistent with

good trade practices:

Poor sheen uniformity is generally a result of inconsistent gloss

levels and will appear as shiny spots or dull spots on a painted

surface (it is also known as 'flashing’).

Possible causes:

• Uneven spread rate

• Failure to properly prime a porous surface, or surface with varying degrees of porosity

• Poor application resulting in lapping

Painting Defect



Other irregularities in the surface that are visible

from a normal viewing point position.

A Range of Visible Issues?

• Poor Preparation

• Starved of Paint

• No Gapping

• Lumps and Bumps

• Silicone Paint Cissing

• Lumps and Bumps in the surface

Painting Defect



Excessive over-painting of fittings, trims, skirting,

architraves, glazing and other finished edges

Possible solutions

• Removal of door furniture

• Mask or tape the fitting

• Applicator Skill / Technique

Painting Defect


NAIL & SCREW FIXING

Mechanical fixings or unfilled depressions are defects that can be seen from a normal viewing position

Possible Cause:

• Under Filling

• Wrong fillers used

• Filler shrinkage

• Poor preparation

Painting Defect


MECHANICAL DAMAGE & NATURAL DEFECTS

IN SURFACES.

Holes, mechanical damage, depressions in painted

or stained timber, gum pockets or surface splits are defects if they can be seen from a normal viewing

position

Painting Defects

COATING MIN DURABILITY

EXTERIOR ACRYLIC 36 MONTHS

EXTERIOR ENAMEL 24 MONTHS

EXTERIOR SEMI TRANSPARENT STAINS 12 MONTHS

EXTERIOR CLEAR FINISHES NOT RECOMMENDED

INTERIOR – ALL FINISHES 36 MONTHS


PAINT DURABILITY

Coatings are defective if they fail by lifting,

blistering, flaking or fading within the minimum time period, unless otherwise documented

Possible causes:

• Use of lower quality paints that have inadequate adhesion and flexibility

• Over thinning or overspreading the paint

• Inadequate surface preparation, e.g. Not applying a sealer or primer on porous surfaces prior to top coating

• Poor adhesion of the underlying coats

• Excessive hardening and embrittlement of alkyd paint as the paint job ages

Painting Defect

Accepting SubstratesWho is responsible?

Premature paint failure usually occurs if the surfaces are not adequately prepared before painting

Surface assessment and preparation are particularly important, as the painter may be held liable for any future failing

AS/NZS 2311 – Guide to the painting of buildings states;

THE VERY ACT OF PAINTING A SURFACE MAY BE INTERPRETED AS

ACCEPTING THE SURFACE AS BEING SUITABLE FOR PAINTING.

Accepting Substrates

When painting surfaces in good condition, cleaning will still be required to remove surface contaminants

When painting surfaces in poor condition, any blistering, flaking or cracking should be completely removed

Similarly, loosely bound paint systems such as kalsomine, lime wash and other may also need to be removed

These may be indications of a wider adhesion problem and adhesion checks of the entire paint film should be undertaken


PAINTING NEW SURFACES

Unacceptable surface imperfections may be undetectable until one or more coats of paint have been applied

Food for thought? Pre Paint on New Construction

THE VERY ACT OF PAINTING A SURFACE MAY BE INTERPRETED AS ACCEPTING THE SURFACE AS BEING SUITABLE FOR PAINTING


Accepting SubstratesAdhesion testing - when to adopt testing?

When maintenance painting is undertaken,

it is seldom necessary to strip off old paint

before repainting

The criteria for removal of an existing

coating is largely dictated by the soundness

of the existing coating

There are a number of methods for testing

paint adhesion under AS/ANZ-2311

Assessment of Surface Soundness

Methods for testing paint adhesion under AS/ANZ-

2311.

ADHESION CROSSCUT-SEMI QUANTITATIVE TEST

• This involves a series of parallel cuts through the

coating and a further similar series of cuts at right

angles to form a grid pattern

• On applying, then removing, pressure sensitive

adhesive tape, the extent of detachment of the coating is measured


TWO SIMPLIFIED VERSIONS OF THE

CROSSCUT TEST

• Method A - a pass/fail test with just two parallel

cuts

• Method B – usually suitable for conventional

decorative finishes on interior broad wall areas, is

the application of an agreed quality pressure

sensitive adhesive tape – this should be applied

to the wall for 30 seconds and quickly pulled off at a right angle to the surface


Lead Based PaintHow to identify, how to test and what to do about it?

AS/NZS 4361.2:2017

Australian/New Zealand Standard™

Guide to hazardous paint management

Part 2: Lead paint in residential, public and commercial buildings

Lead Based Paint

White lead (lead carbonate) was once the

principal white pigment in paints for houses

and public buildings

Paint with lead pigment was manufactured up

until the late 1960’s, although in diminishing

quantities from 1950 onwards

Lead Paint

Many older homes and buildings still contain lead paint,

even though it may be concealed with layers of more

recent paint

25% of all Australian homes still contain some form of

lead paint

Paint containing 20% of lead was commonly used in

undercoats and primers for exterior surfaces, interior doors and architraves

Lead Paint

Lead in any form is toxic to humans when

ingested and inhaled. Repeated inhalation

or ingestion of lead paint particles may

produce the cumulative effects of lead

poisoning

Women of child-bearing age, pregnant

women and children should be excluded from lead paint removal

areas, as lead can have detrimental

effects on a child’s intellectual

development and may cause other health

problems

Lead Paint

There is minimal risk where lead paint is in a

sound condition

If lead paint is subject to abrasion, chalking or

flaking, this presents a health risk

In most instances, workers involved in lead paint

management may be simply and easily

protected by employment of protective

equipment

The public may be protected by preventing

access to the work site

Lead Paint

Deposition of lead paint waste, may be much

more complex and difficult to manage, depending

on the size, shape and location of the building

Deposition of lead paint particles on nearby

footpaths, streets or soil may be resuspended and

tracked into houses or buildings where it can be

inhaled or ingested

Lead Paint

GENERAL

If the presence of lead in paint is known or suspected, testing should be carried out using the following methods:

• Portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) field tests

• Laboratory analysis

• Lead identification test stick

Lead Paint Methods of Detection

Portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) field tests

• This method uses a portable instrument in the field to

provide a numerical value for the amount of lead present in

paint on a surface

• It provides an instantaneous result and is non-destructive


Laboratory analysis

• This method provides both confirmation of the presence of lead and its concentration in an existing paint film

• The laboratory result is a combined value for all layers of paint and its accuracy is dependent to some extent on the sampling technique


If a house or building contains lead paint, the paint needs

to be managed to prevent it becoming a health hazard

Depending on the particular circumstances, the options for

management of lead paint usually include:

1. Doing nothing;

2. Stabilising the paint;

3. Carrying out abatement; or

4. A combination of these options

Lead Paint

DOING NOTHING

• Doing nothing is an option when the lead paint is in sound condition and does not need to

be disturbed

• Generally, the ‘do nothing’ option is only applicable where lead paint is not directly accessible, or where the hazard lies in the underlying layers of paint that have been

overpainted with lead-free paint

Lead Paint

LEAD PAINT STABILISATION

General

• The easiest, and usually cheapest way to manage lead paint, is to over-paint using

lead-free paint, or by covering it with an encapsulant

• This can provide an interim or long-term solution to a lead paint hazard, allowing more

permanent treatment to be deferred

• Materials used to stabilise existing paint surfaces need to be durable and non-toxic.

The integrity of the existing painted surface will determine the effectiveness of

stabilisation

• Thorough surface preparation will be needed to address issues such as chalking, poor

adhesion, cracking, flaking, peeling or blistering

Lead Paint

LEAD PAINT STABILISATION

Replacement of painted items

• The least hazardous way of dealing with lead paint is by replacement of the painted article,

where appropriate. In this process, components with lead paint are removed in large pieces

and replaced with new

• Enclosure has a low potential for hazardous dust generation, thus minimizing the risk of

exposure to the renovator and the occupants. With enclosure, the lead paint remains in

position. Since a future renovator may have less chance of discovering it before starting

renovations, conspicuous signs warning of the presence of lead paint should be placed on

the surfaces before installing the enclosure

Lead Paint

LEAD ABATEMENT - Removal or disturbance of lead paint

• The removal or disturbance of lead paint has the greatest potential to generate dust and waste and will therefore need;

• Appropriate containment and ventilation control measures; and

• Safe work practices

Lead Paint

LEAD ABATEMENT - Removal and

disturbance of lead paint

Practices recommended for the removal

of lead paint include:

• Wet scraping and wet sanding

• On-site chemical stripping

• Off-site chemical stripping

• Removal by heat gun and scraper

• Removal by mechanical sanding

• HEPA filter vacuum

Lead Paint



On-site chemical stripping

• Chemical paint strippers will soften

and swell the paint, allowing it to be

easily removed with a scraper

• The residue is usually a gel-like

paste that is easily contained and

handled

• Chemical stripping is suitable for

most surfaces such as timber,

render or steel

Lead Paint



Off-site chemical stripping

• This involves removing components and

shipping them to a paint stripping

establishment where they are immersed in

baths of chemicals

• This is limited to removable components

such as windows, doors and trim

Lead Paint



Paint removal sanding tools:

• These must be fitted with vacuum

attachments and HEPA filters to control

dust generation

• High Efficiency Particulate Air

• These may be suitable for residential,

public and commercial applications

Lead Paint

LEAD ABATEMENT - Removal and disturbance of lead paint

CONTAINMENT

• An essential part of hazardous paint management is the containment of the work

• Containment includes all procedures and systems that prevent dust and waste from spreading

beyond the immediate work area

Lead Paint

Roof RestorationPainting of concrete tile and iron roofs

Usually, old tiled roofs are painted to enhance their appearance or to suit a new colour scheme

These paint treatments are not permanent and they need to be reinstated at intervals

Assertions that painting is necessary to prevent moisture absorption into the tiles, which would otherwise unduly increase the roof mass, are not sustainable

Roof Restoration

Before repainting:

• All repairs and repointing should be complete

• The roof surface should be cleaned with a high

pressure water cleaner to remove moss, lichen,

dirt and other friable material

• All surfaces should be rinsed with clean water

and dried

• Weathered pre-painted metal roofs should be

treated as for tiled roofs, except for the

additional treatment of any surface rust

• NOTE - rusty screws should be replaced

Roof Restoration

Painting:

• Where the surface has become dull, chalky, porous, or otherwise weathered, one coat of a penetrating primer should be applied

• For less weathered surfaces and pre-painted metal roofs, the primer may be omitted

• Two top coats of required colour and gloss level should be applied by brush, roller, or spray

• Higher build acrylic coatings, combined with conventional acrylic latex top coats, can also be satisfactory

• As always, ensure each coat is applied to the manufacturer’s specifications

Roof Restoration

Types of PaintPerformance expectations of different types of paint - what is the appropriate type of product for internal and external applications?

The choice of paint and appropriate painting

system that meet the requirement of the job

depend on a number of factors, including the

following:

• Type and complexity of the surface to be

painted

• Area of use (interior or exterior)

• Cost consideration

• Required durability and protection of asset

• Decorative effect required

• Any special requirement (resistance to salt

spray, industrial pollutants, low odour, high

abrasion resistance or similar)

Gloss Level Range as per AS/NZS 1580.602.2

Gloss Units

Flat / (Matt) Up to 5 Gloss Units

Low Gloss ( Low Sheen) Over 5 up to 20 Gloss Units

Semi Gloss (Satin) Over 20 up to 50 Gloss Units

Gloss Over 50 up to 85 Gloss Units

High Gloss Over 85 Gloss Units

Range of Paint Quality

Premium Quality (Interior and Exterior)

Trade Quality (Interior and Exterior)

Budget Quality (interior)

Paint Products

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PAINTS AND THEIR TYPICAL AREAS OF USE

Flat or low-gloss finishes tend to mask imperfections, such as joints or patching. Semi-gloss, gloss and full-gloss finishes highlight such defects, with the higher the gloss level, the higher degree of highlighting

Flat and low-gloss finishes diffuse light and minimise the glare, which may occur when higher gloss finishes are used

Relative to flat finishes, low-gloss, semi-gloss, gloss, and full-gloss finishes of the same generic type, have an increasingly higher resistance to abrasion, staining and moisture

Flat finishes are usually more difficult to clean than gloss and more likely to be affected by mould growth, because of their rough surface texture. Some flat finishes are more prone to gloss increase when cleaned

Full-gloss and gloss finishes tend to be more durable than lower gloss finishes in exterior applications

Some solvent-borne products have greater tolerance to surface contamination

Types of Paint

Dulux Wash & Wear 101 Barrier Technology creates a hard

wearing acrylic finish that allows you to wipe away most

common marks, scuffs and stains with a wet cloth. With

Wash and Wear, your walls will look freshly painted for years

Features:

• Withstands wear and tear

• Low odour and low VOC

Benefits:

• Wipe away most common marks, scuffs and stains

with a wet cloth

• Looks freshly painted for years

• Exceptional wash ability

• Hard wearing finish that lasts

Typical Premium Interior Product Key Features &

Benefits (Serviceability)

Features and benefits

• UV block out - blocks out harmful UV rays, preventing them

from penetrating the surface

• Flexible - resists cracking & peeling for long-term weather

protection

• Stay Clean - UV cross link. Toughens the surface to stay cleaner

for longer

• Breathable - resists blistering by allowing water vapour to pass

through

• Self Priming - no primer required on most exterior surfaces for

faster painting

• 100% acrylic - resists chalking and fading in the extremes of sun

and weather

• Inhibits growth of mould & mildew - protects the surface

• Made and developed in Australia for lasting protection in all

Australian conditions

Typical Exterior Premium Product - Key Features &

Benefits(Durability)

Application of PaintWhere can you source application systems, instructions and MSDS’s?

How do I achieve adequate coverage and what testing is readily available?

• AS/NZS 2311 Table 5.1 has a range of system recommendations for various interior substrates and conditions

• Gypsum plasterboard – use a three coat quality painting system - one coat of latex sealer followed by 2 coats of latex paint - flat, low-gloss, semi-gloss, or gloss

• When the paint application is by airless spray, the first sealer coat should be back rolled

• It is recommended the final coat also be back rolled, as this process will assist to conceal glancing light issues and accommodate paint touch-ups

Painting - Good Practice Recommendations

• AS/NZS 2311 Table 5.2 has a range of recommendations for various exterior

substrates and conditions

• Weatherboards, Exterior Grade Hardboard Cladding:

• System 1. One coat of wood primer, latex or solvent borne followed by two coats of latex paint - low-gloss, semi-gloss or gloss

• System 2. One coat of wood primer, latex or solvent-borne followed by two coats of

solvent-borne paint - full-gloss

Painting - Good Practice Recommendations

A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), is a

document prepared by the manufacturer that

details information with respect to the physical

and chemical properties of the product

It can be sourced:

• On the manufacturer’s website

• At a paint retail or trade outlet

MSDS.

Contains detailed information such as:

• Description

• Features and benefits

• Uses

• Precautions and limitations

• Performance guide

• Typical properties

• Application guide

• Health and safety information

• Transport and storage instructions

Data Sheet

• The back of the paint can provides basic information regarding application

• The manufacturer’s product data sheet contains detailed information regarding

application

• Meeting the manufacturer’s product application conditions generally provides for a two-

coat finishing system, however:

• Depending upon the substrate colour, texture, porosity and hiding power of the finishing

coats, additional preparatory or finishing coats, or both, may be required

• The selection of the right tools, combined with the appropriate skills, can also affect the

final outcome

Application Instructions

• Airless and conventional spray

• Rollers sleeves of different types, such

as wool, synthetic, mohair, foam, or

blends - most are available with

different naps and quality

• A wide selection of brushes, such as

pure bristle or synthetic, wall brush,

long handle, sash cutter, oval cutter

and bevelled cutters, across a range of

size and quality

Adequate Coverage (Typical Tools)

Meeting the manufacturer’s product application

conditions:

• Visual inspection

• Dry film testing – specialist equipment

• Wet film testing is simple, low cost and efficient with a WET FILM GAUGE

• The product on the data sheet shown gave

a wet film thickness of 65 microns

• A roof membrane could for example show a

wet film thickness of 175 microns

Testing for Coverage and Performance

Sealers, Primers and UndercoatsLimitations, design and what product to use?

Sealers are generally applied to ensure that the chosen

finishing coats are not affected by factors associated with

the substrate material or previous coatings. Typically,

these are used to:

• Seal absorbent surfaces

• Create a barrier that reduces migration of one or more

chemicals from the substrate material, which could

interfere with the performance of the finishing coat

• Prevent substances which may be included in the

substrate material, or previous coating, from bleeding into finishing coats

• NOTE - no single sealer will necessarily perform all

functions

Sealers

A general rule is:

• SOLVENT BASED SEALERS PREVENT

BLEEDING OF WATER – SOLUABLE STAINS

• WATER BASED SEALERS PREVENT BLEEDING

OF SOLVENT - SOLUABLE STAINS

Where doubt exists as to the appropriateness of the

sealer?

• Obscure areas can be painted out using different

sealers (i.e. water-based, spirit-based or oil-based)

to gauge their effectiveness

Sealers

• Primers are applied to obtain good adhesion

of a paint system to a substrate

• They may be formulated for use on a specific

substrate such as metal or galvanised iron

etc.

• They may also be formulated for anti-

corrosion, or tannin stain resistant

Primers

Undercoats are usually an intermediate

coat, designed for filling, sanding, stain

blocking or increasing opacity

Undercoats

• Combined sealer undercoats are generally

latex-based and formulated to give combined

attributes of both a sealer and an undercoat

through the application of one, rather than two

separate coats

• They are a compromise of two specialty products do not normally provide stain or

chemical sealing properties

Sealers / Undercoats

Membrane & Texture CoatingsProducts and preparation

High build membrane, smooth and textured coatings, are

applied to provide decorative effect and mask surface

irregularities in the substrate

Typical applications to rigid substrates are:

• Concrete, masonry and fibre cement sheeting

• They may also inhibit the ingress of moisture and

carbonation of concrete surfaces

• A variety of finishes may be achieved, including

textured and stippled coatings

• The final appearance is, in part, related to the application technique

Products

• Colour variation of membrane and textured coatings can

vary significantly from batch to batch

• The coating should be overcoated with a colour finishing

coat

• Latex extensible coatings are generally referred to as a

membrane. They are non aggregate, flexible, watertight

finishes, which are applied to prevent the ingress of

moisture and retain flexibility

• High-build, low profile latex coatings, are water-based

coatings, designed to be used over textured coatings to

elevate the exposure performance of the paint system.

These coatings are designed to provide a non aggregate

water resistant finish, producing an even film coverage

over an irregular surface profile

Products

• Non-aggregate, textured latex coatings - low to medium

profile textured coatings selected for aesthetic purposes

to provide decorative profiles. Typically, these are applied

with textured rollers or hopper spray

• Aggregate-filled, textured latex coating - medium to high

profile textured coatings, selected for aesthetic purposes, to provide maximum relief from underlying surface

irregularities. The aggregate may consist of sand, marble

or other mineral constituent. These products can be

applied by texture roller, hopper spray or trowel

• Both of these coatings are generally specified in a

system, including a top coat, where maximum resistance

to moisture ingress and dirt pick up is required

Products

OversprayAirless at its worst -consequential damages on surrounding areas

Tips for painters faced with motor vehicle overspray claims:

• Stay calm - get information about spray dates, types and

colour of paint, number of vehicles, weather conditions, and

other painting contractors in the area

• Accept responsibility and stabilise the claim

• Choose a competent detailer, have the vehicles pre-

inspected and make sure the detailer's products and

equipment are up-to-date

• Create a positive atmosphere and close the claim. Expect to

pay $175-$225 per vehicle for a local detailer and $250-

$300 for a national detailer

• Be sure that your insurance company has you covered

Airless Spray

Industry ExpertHow do I source help when required?

• The manufacturer

• Technical department

• Field representative

• Retail and trade distributor

• Internet Google search

• Peer groups

• Internet Facebook groups

• MSDS and technical data sheets

Expert Help When I need it?

Master Painters Association of Queensland (MPA)

is the peak representative body for the State’s

painting & decorating industry

MPA represent the interests of all individuals and

companies operating within the industry and

encourage high standards of craftsmanship and business practices

Besides offering general advice from within our own industry experienced trainers, we also offer:

• Independent inspection; and

• Mediation service

Expert Help When I Need It?

Thank You.

Questions?

welcome to the qbcc roadshow · 2018-11-13 · standard of painting •painting is defective if it...

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