welcome to training module 2.1 for the rapid response to ...€¦ · welcome to training module 2.1...

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Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned the key attributes of the Rapid Response Program, it’s objectives, and the responsibilities of an RRC Investigator. In Module 1.2, you learned about important concepts for conducting case investigations. And now, in Module 2.1, you will learn specifically how to conduct an investigation during the PreInvestigation Phase and Investigation Phase. 1

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Page 1: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned the key attributes of the Rapid Response Program, it’s objectives, and the responsibilities of an RRC Investigator. In Module 1.2, you learned about important concepts for conducting case investigations. And now, in Module 2.1, you will learn specifically how to conduct an investigation during the Pre‐Investigation Phase and Investigation Phase.

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Page 2: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

By the end of Module 2.1, you should be able to (click) identify responsibilities in planning the investigation as an RRC Investigator.  You should also be able to (click) prepare of an epidemiological investigation with the help of the RRC Case Coordinator. Using these resources, you should then be able to (CLICK) conduct a case investigation interview using the Investigation Form. 

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Page 3: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

This flowchart details the steps involved in the complete investigation process. First (CLICK) there will be evidence of an emerging or transboundary disease on a farm within the United States. (CLICK) SHIC will then contact the most appropriate RRC member to conduct an investigation on that farm. (CLICK) The RRC Investigator will have approximately 2 days to receive the required information, review the Data Sharing and Permissions Agreement and Investigation Form, and set a date for the investigation. The Investigation Phase begins (CLICK) when the RRC Investigator conducts the investigation interview. This should take about a day, depending on the pathogen, the interview, and diagnostic sampling. After the interview is complete, the RRC Investigator will move on to the Post‐Investigation Phase (CLICK). RRC Investigators will receive half of their compensation for turning in the Executive Summary and the filled out Investigation Form within 2 days of completing the investigation. They will receive the second half of their compensation after turning in the completed Summary Report. Module 2.1 will walk RRC members through the Pre‐Investigation Phase and the Investigation Phase.

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Page 4: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

There are three forms that you will interact with throughout the investigation process. The Investigation Form, will be discussed in Module 2.1 as part of the Pre‐Investigation Phase and Investigation Phase. The last two (click), the Executive Summary and Summary Report, will be discussed in Module 2.2 as part of the Post‐Investigation Phase.

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Page 5: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Throughout the investigation, the RRC Case Coordinator will be a valuable resource for investigators. The RRC Case Coordinator is a staff member, funded by SHIC, who will be responsible for coordinating the efforts of RRC Investigators. The RRC Case Coordinator is responsible for collecting weather data, creating maps of the premises and surrounding areas, and compiling known characteristics of the premises and the current outbreak. Some of the Investigation Form will be pre‐populated with information that the RRC Case Coordinator has gathered. This is the point person that you should turn to if they have any questions regarding the investigation process, form, or scheduling details.

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Page 6: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Before conducting an investigation, the RRC Investigator will receive a resourcepacket from the RRC Case Coordinator. This resource packet will contain a Master Investigation Checklist (click) that provides a comprehensive list of steps in the investigation process. This module will walk through each of the steps in the Pre‐Investigation Phase and the Investigation Phase. Due to the short timeline, the steps within each phase will need to be worked on in parallel, rather than in sequence.

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Page 7: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

For an RRC Member, an investigation begins the day that SHIC contacts you to perform an investigation. This day will be considered the “SHIC Point of First Contact”. As soon as you are contacted, the Pre‐Investigation Phase begins..

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Page 8: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

This slide contains the master checklist for the Pre‐Investigation Phase. At this point, all RRC Investigation Team members should have been contacted by SHIC, although it will be the responsibility of the designated RRC Team Leader to delegate and coordinate. This module will walk through each portion of the Pre‐Investigation Phase, beginning with the Data Sharing and Permissions Agreement (click). SHIC or the RRC Case Coordinator will provide the RRC Investigation Team with a completed Data Sharing Agreement and Permissions Form as soon as possible.

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Page 9: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The producer will have filled out the Data Sharing and Permissions Agreement Form. It will contain information on facilities, people, and sampling permissions. It is very important to review this information prior to the investigation for information on whether RRC Investigators can interview, visit, photograph, or collect samples on site. Specifically pay attention to (click) whether photos and recording are permitted because these will be useful tools when conducting the interview.

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Page 10: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

During this time, you should be working on (click) arranging the investigation meeting.

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Page 11: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Required attendees at the investigation meeting are indicated in bold, red lettering. These attendees include the farm manager and the herd veterinarian. The RRC member designated as Team Leader must be present to prepare for and conduct the interview. It is important that the RRC Team Leader schedules the meeting to fit these requirements. Note that more RRC members may be present and their roles will vary depending on the case. It is strongly recommended that an assistant facilitator attend the meeting as well. This should be an individual who is familiar with the swine industry and will assist with the note taking during the investigation process. In addition, there may also be other farm personnel, government employees, or academics present during the investigation. 

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Page 12: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

In experiences with PRRSV, SVA, and PEDV outbreak investigations, the Assistant Facilitator has been critical to the success of the investigations. The Assistant Facilitator could be a veterinary technician, a lab assistant, or even another RRC member. This person can help prepare the form, take notes at the investigation, and assist in writing the Summary Report. During the investigation, the RRC Team Leader should be focusing on conducting the interview and will probably not be able to take comprehensive notes. Since the quality of the Summary Report hinges upon recollection of the information gathered during the investigation, it is important that someone takes quality notes. The Assistant Facilitator can fulfill this role and allow for RRC Investigators to effectively guide the outbreak investigation. Funds for an Assistant Facilitator are not provided directly by SHIC, unless the Assistant Facilitator is another RRC Member. Rather, the compensation provided to the designated RRC Team Leader may be used at their discretion, including designating funds for an Assistant Facilitator. But remember to contact the RRC Case Coordinator before bringing an assistant facilitator so that SHIC will have an accurate record of all those who are present at the investigation.

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Page 13: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Once the RRC Team Leader has scheduled a meeting they must contact the RRC Case Coordinator with information about the meeting. Be sure to tell the RRC Case Coordinator the meeting date, the location, known attendees, and respective role in the investigation process.

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Page 14: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

With the meeting scheduled, RRC Investigators can begin arranging for transportation and lodging (if necessary) for the investigation meeting.

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Page 15: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

RRC Investigators will be responsible for arranging overnight lodging and transportation to your destination. Don’t worry, you will be reimbursed. The program has been designed so that RRC Investigators will probably be driving to the meeting place. However, if flying, be sure to coordinate ground transportation upon arrival. 

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Page 16: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

At some point during the Pre‐Investigation Phase, RRC Investigators will receive an Investigation Form that is pre‐populated by the RRC Coordinator.

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Page 17: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

This Investigation Form will be specific to the investigated farm and include more detailed information such as a weather summary, farm maps, and possibly additional site characteristics. You will be introduced to the Investigation Form later in this module. After receiving and reviewing the Investigation Form, the RRC Team Leader will print enough copies for each of the participants at the investigation meeting so that they can follow along as the investigation is conducted.

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Page 18: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Throughout the Pre‐Investigation Phase, it is the responsibility of the RRC Investigator to (click) review the characteristics and properties of the pathogen under investigation.

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Page 19: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

On SHIC’s website, RRC members will be able to find a pathogen profile. It will be important throughout the investigation process for every RRC Investigator to understand viable (click) modes of transmission by which the pathogen could have entered the premises, (click) a case definition of the investigated pathogen, and (click) previous experiences with the investigated pathogen.

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Page 20: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

After all the boxes are checked, you will have completed the Pre‐Investigation Phase.

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Page 21: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

At this point, you have been contacted by SHIC to conduct an investigation and you have gone through the Pre‐Investigation Phase, involving receiving the Data Sharing and Permissions document, the Investigation Form, and setting up the meeting for the investigation interview. Now, you will be moving into the Investigation Phase. This is the phase in which the investigation meeting and interview is conducted. You should allot about 1 day to conduct the investigation, depending on the length of the interview, diagnostic sampling, and/or site visits.

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Page 22: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Remember, the investigation interview must include the herd veterinarian, the farm manager, and the RRC Team Leader. Optional attendees include additional RRC team members, the Assistant Facilitator, government employees, academics, or other on‐farm personnel. Required attendees are indicated in bold text, while optional attendees are indicated with an asterisk. The Outbreak Facilitators (CLICK) will include the RRC team members and the Assistant Facilitator. The interviewees (CLICK) will include the herd veterinarian, the farm manager, and other on‐farm personnel. Accessory attendees (CLICK) will include government employees and academics. 

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Page 23: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

When you first sit down with the other meeting attendees, it is important to set the stage for what they will encounter. First of all, emphasize that you will not be placing blame on any of the attendees or farm employees. You simply want to learn more about the disease and how it entered their herd. Remind the herd veterinarian that they will be able to review the final report before it is sent to the producer.

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Page 24: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

During the investigation, the RRC Team Leader will be using the Investigation Form, as mentioned in previous slides. This Investigation Form serves three fundamental purposes. First (click), it is a set of closed‐ended questions that will populate a database of all investigations conducted. Second (click), it guides the investigator’s interview questions. The Investigation form systematically addresses a comprehensive set of information that will be fundamental for an investigator to discuss during a case investigation. Finally (click), the Investigation Form will serve as a resource and template for the investigator when writing the Summary Report and Executive Summary. Both of these documents are required during the Post‐Investigation Phase and are mandatory for the investigator to receive compensation for conducting the investigation. The integrity of the final reports are dependent upon the investigator taking excellent notes and filling out the Investigation form accurately during the investigation. 

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Page 25: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Before conducting an investigation, it will be important for you to understand this Investigation Form, which is the foundation for the investigation process. The Investigators will fill out this form during the investigation interview and then return the completed form to the RRC Case Coordinator in order to receive compensation for conducting the investigation. This form is divided into seven sections: (click) an introduction, a description of the current outbreak, a site summary, maps of the surrounding area, risk events that occurred during the investigation period, a weather summary, and a summary of operational connections to other swine premises that are positive for the pathogen being investigated. The questions asked in each section will focus on events that occurred during the investigation period, which is a defined period of time prior to the first clinical signs. 

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Page 26: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The Investigation Form will guide the RRC Team Leader through the interview process. (CLICK) Begin with Section 1 and Section 2 of the Investigation Form.

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Page 27: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The Investigation Form begins with an Introduction and some basic information about the investigated site. Investigators should enter all of the information prompted by blank boxes.

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Page 28: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The second section of the form includes a description of the current outbreak. This section should be completed by the RRC Investigator during the investigation interview because the information gathered in this section will provide a foundation for the rest of the investigation. Examples of some foundational questions from this section include “Were the first clinical signs observed in a specific barn, room, or pen?” and “Describe the clinical presentation of infection.” Many of these questions do not have multiple choice answers and should be described in as much detail as is relevant to the case because they will provide support for assessment of risks later in the investigation.

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Page 29: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The investigation period, the time period that is investigated during the interview, will be based on the date of the first clinical signs. The duration of the investigation period will be pathogen specific and the same for every investigation of cases or diseases caused by the pathogen. The duration will be sufficiently long to assure that the date the pathogen was introduced is within the investigation period. SHIC will consult pathogen experts to determine the length of time that will be investigated prior to observation of the first clinical signs. It will be determined based on the specific pathogen’s incubation period and the estimated time to detect clinical signs. For example, the investigation period for PRRSV is 4 weeks prior to the date of the first clinical signs, whereas the investigation period for PEDV is 10 days prior to the first clinical signs.

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Page 30: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

Next move on to section 3 of the Investigation Form, (CLICK) the Site Summary.

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Page 31: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The third section of the Investigation Form includes a site summary. Under the site summary section, the Investigation Form will address the characteristics of the premises and the characteristics of the surrounding area. Each of these subsections will have attached maps that investigators will be required to label during the investigation. In addition, there will be a table at the end of the section that requires investigators to summarize the characteristics of farms within a 5 mile radius of this farm.

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Page 32: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The characteristics of premises subsection contains a premises map. The RRC Coordinator will have included an unlabeled image of the farm in the Investigation Form. The RRC Team Leader is required to discuss and label this map at the beginning of the investigation to provide context for the investigation. Labels should include, but are not limited to, buildings, entrances, and traffic patterns. Not only will this information be useful when reading the report, but it will allow the RRC Investigation Team to develop a stronger understanding of how risk events occur on the farm.

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Page 33: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

This is an example of how to label the premises map. Two printouts of the premises map will be included in the Investigation Form. On one of the maps, label the site buildings and landmarks. On the second map, indicate traffic flow of people and vehicles. This building map includes the office, gestation buildings, farrowing buildings, the chute, the dead door and incinerator, the downtime & disinfection room, and more. Include the location of the garbage, propane tanks, generators, and any other relevant place on the premises. The traffic map on the right side of the screen includes semen courier movement, dead animal movement, and feed truck movement. Remember to include on‐farm employee movement patterns.

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Page 34: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

The RRC Coordinator will have attached a map to the Investigation Form and outlined various distances from the investigated farm. The circles on the map indicate 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐miles from the farm. During the investigation, it will be important to ensure that each of the farms within the circles is correctly identified.

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RRC Team Leader will make changes as necessary. From experience, it is easiest to bring a pen and write names and changes on the map while talking to the producer. Be careful to ask about farms that the RRC Case Coordinator may have missed or failed to identify. After discussing the maps, adjustments may look like this (click).

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After labeling the maps in each of the sections, gather the information to answer questions found in this section. These questions will provide information on the characteristics of the premises and characteristics of the surrounding area. 

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At the end of the multiple choice questions, there is a space to write observations. Although Investigators can use the whole Investigation Form to take notes, this section will be utilized in the Summary Report during the Post‐Investigation Phase, and can be used to address characteristics that may not have been captured by the questions. An example of a possible observation for the Characteristics of Premises section is (click) a feed mill that supplies feed for the whole production system is present on the site.

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Finally, this section will include a table that contains all farms within a 5 mile radius of the investigated farm. This information provides a more detailed summary of the characteristics of the farms close to the investigated farm, including whether or not a nearby farm is pathogen positive. This table will be important for filling out the Executive Summary during the Post‐Investigation Phase.

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The largest section is section 4, the risk events that occurred during the investigation period. (CLICK) The Risk Event section will provide the bulk of the investigation interview questions and provide a foundation for the risk assessment of each risk event.

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Section four of the Investigation Form details risk events that occurred during the investigation period. Each risk event will have a section for the frequency of that risk event, possible operational connections, the closed‐ended investigation questions, observations, an assessment of the likelihood that risk event was responsible for pathogen entry on to the farm, follow‐up, and potentially biosecurity recommendations. This module will use semen entry as an example, but every risk event will be included in the Investigation Form.

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Each risk event included in section four will begin with a list of carrying agents to consider when walking through the investigation. These are carrying agents to keep in mind, but it is not an exclusive list.

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The frequency and timing of risk events are often important when determining the risk involved with that risk event. As a refresher, a risk event occurs the moment a carrying agent enters the premises, so investigators will need to enter the dates during the investigation that this risk event occurred. If dates are not known, an estimate of the frequency of the event during the investigation will suffice. On‐farm personnel will be prompted by the RRC Coordinator to bring this type of information to the investigation. Copies or pictures of delivery schedules, visitor’s logs, or any other notable information may be collected if the data agreement allows for it. For a review of risk events, revisit module 1.2.

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Page 43: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

During an epidemiological investigation, operational connections will be important to pay attention to. An operational connection is any direct or indirect relationship between two farms. Summarize the operational connections with farms that are known to be positive farms with the table in the Investigation Form. Using the example of semen delivery (click), a relevant operational connection would be if a positive farm uses the same semen courier as the investigated farm. 

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Each risk event will have a set of questions about that risk event. These questions will be divided into categories, based on the subject of the questions. Semen entry subjects include “Characteristics of Boar Stud and Surrounding Area”, “Boar Stud Sampling Procedures”, and “Semen Delivery Practices”. Each category of questions will have an area for additional observations, which will be important for writing the Summary Report. Remember that answers to every question will be required in order to receive compensation for conducting the investigation.

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Page 45: Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the Rapid Response to ...€¦ · Welcome to training Module 2.1 for the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging Disease program. In Module 1.1, you learned

To receive a comprehensive understanding of the farm and risk events, ask open ended questions. This allows the herd veterinarian and farm manager to discuss information that is not accounted for on the form. When listening to the farm manager and herd veterinarian, fill in as many of the embedded closed‐ended questions as possible. 

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Moving through the Investigation Form, you will begin to understand why this open‐ended questioning process is so beneficial. A closed ended Investigation Form will never be able to accurately capture all the day‐to‐day details of farm events. Key pieces of information often will surface while talking openly with the manager and veterinarian. This type of discussion will allow the RRC team members to more accurately assess risk. Remember to complete all the closed‐ended questions during the discussion because these are the answers that will be used to populate the database. The answers to these questions are also required for investigators to receive compensation.

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When asking questions, try to begin with very general questions about the risk event. This will allow the producer to talk openly and will probably stimulate important discussion. Follow‐up relevant information as necessary. If there are un‐answered questions in the Investigation Form, narrow the scope by asking about a more specific part of the process. If any closed‐ended questions remain un‐answered after narrowing the scope, specifically ask the closed‐ended question from the Investigation Form. 

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For example, if asking a producer about the entry of breeding replacements, start the conversation at the bottom of the pyramid (CLICK) by asking, “Tell me how you enter your gilts into the herd.” The producer might respond that they isolate the gilts on site before entering them into the breeding herd after about 6 weeks.

Then ask for more information (CLICK) about a specific part of gilt entry. In this case, one might ask about their vaccination protocol or how they test the animals before they enter them into the herd. 

Often a question like this will give all the necessary information for writing the report, but will not provide explicit answers to the closed‐ended questions. In a case such as this, move on to the top of the pyramid (CLICK) by asking a specific question from the Investigation Form, such as “Prior to entry into the breeding herd, what samples are taken from gilts and what diagnostic tests are performed?”

By the end of this process, the closed‐ended questions in the Investigation Form should be complete and the investigator should have a sufficient quantity of notes on that risk event.

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An important component of the interview process is notetaking. The RRC team will receive a lot of information in a very short period of time, so it will be important for the integrity of the Summary Report to have accurate notes. Farm names, people names, and company names are very helpful in providing a comprehensive and specific Summary Report. Because of the potential volume of information, it is advantageous to have an assistant facilitator to help take notes during the investigation.

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As an example of possible observations, review the text in blue. Observations include (click) step‐by‐step protocol of semen delivery practices and (click) a possible change that occurred during the investigation period. This section is important for capturing information that is not included in the Investigation Form and for substantiating a risk assessment. In Module 2.2, RRC members will learn how to make thorough observations that will support a risk assessment.

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After working through all the questions surrounding the risk event, this section allows for a preliminary assessment of the risk associated with that risk event while the information is fresh in mind. Remember to make note of key points that contributed to a decision so that specific details may be used when justifying a risk assessment in the Summary Report. Module 2.2 will cover risk assessment more extensively. 

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The final portion of the risk event section in the Investigation Form has a space to note follow up and/or biosecurity recommendations. Follow‐up includes questions for the producer or veterinarian to look into that may clarify the route of pathogen entry onto the farm. This means clarifying any gaps in knowledge that can be researched or determined at a later point in time. Some risk events may require follow up questions and some may not. Be sure to make note of possible follow up questions during the investigation. Finally, biosecurity recommendations may be provided, which could help prevent pathogen entry in the future. Some example follow‐up questions (click) include determining the location and health status of sites the courier delivered to prior to entering the investigated farm and determine whether semen packaging was disinfected prior to entering the facilities. 

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Next you will review the Weather Summary (CLICK) that has been prepared by the RRC Case Coordinator.

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The fifth section of the Investigation Form will have a detailed Summary Report of the weather that occurred during the investigation period. This information may or may not be useful, depending on the nature of the pathogen. The RRC Case Coordinator will have pre‐populated this section of the Investigation Form.

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The Operational Connections Summary Table is (click) simply a summary of the operational connections found in the risk event section of the Investigation Form.

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The final section of the Investigation Form will be a summary of operational connections to other positive swine premises. Possible operational connections should already be filled out for each risk event. Now translate that information into the summary table at the end of the report, with relevant supporting information regarding that operational connection. Using semen again (click), the chart should be specified as in the example in the slide.

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Section 6 will include the final section of the Investigation Form. (CLICK) Diagnostic sampling will be dependent upon the case and the pathogen. 

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Diagnostic testing to confirm the etiology of the case you are investigating will not be necessary since you will only be investigating farms that break with diseases in which the pathogen has a known etiology. If you choose to collect samples to explore potential origins of the pathogen, SHIC will provide $500 for diagnostic testing.

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If you do take diagnostic samples, keep in mind that the most informative samples will come from carrying agents that are expected to be negative. Regarding swine sources, this might include a gilt development unit or a boar stud. Non‐living sources could include transport, feed, contaminated medications, or vaccines.

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After possibly conducting diagnostic sampling, you will have completed the Investigation Phase of the case investigation.

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Thank you for listening to training Module 2.1 of the SHIC Rapid Response to Emerging and Transboundary Disease program. Continue on to Module 2.2 to learn about the Post‐Investigation Phase and how to prepare a Summary Report and Executive Summary. You will be required to complete a short quiz as evidence of your training. If you have any further questions, please reference your resource packet or contact [email protected]

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