welcome to what a treasure!...welcome to what a treasure! the fifth annual “one book, every young...

Welcome to What a Treasure!

The fifth annual “One Book, Every Young Child” selection is What a Treasure! by Jane and Will Hillenbrand, a husband and wife team from the neighboring state of Ohio. A young mole digs for treasure, but what is the real treasure here? Everything he finds is the perfect treasure to share with someone else, except for one last treasure, which the mole finally keeps for his own… another mole friend.

Some topics to explore with this book include:

• Friendship and Sharing • What Is a Treasure? • How People Dig For Treasure: Mining, Archeology, and Excavation • Moles and Other Subterranean Creatures

This manual is your starting point to further develop these themes and bring this book to life for you, the young children you work with, and their families. Use and adapt these suggestions to suit your own group and let our ideas inspire you to create your own exciting projects. Dig in!

For more ideas, visit www.paonebook.org

Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................................... 5

Acknowledgements..................................................................................................6 Introduction by the Illustrator, Will Hillenbrand.....................................................7 About the Hillenbrands ............................................................................................8 More Books Written and Illustrated by Will Hillenbrand .......................................9 More Books Illustrated by Will Hillenbrand ...........................................................9

What a Treasure! Activities ........................................................................ 11

Fitting These Activities to Suit Your Needs ..........................................................12 Activities by Age Group: ...........................................................................13

Toddlers .........................................................................................13 Preschoolers ...................................................................................13 School-Age Children .....................................................................13

Types of Activities.....................................................................................14 Station-Ready.................................................................................14 Large Group ...................................................................................14 Traveling Trunk .............................................................................15

What a Treasure! As a/an: ........................................................................16 Single Story Time ..........................................................................16 Themed Series................................................................................17 Activity Station ..............................................................................18 Treasure Festival............................................................................19

Activity Descriptions .............................................................................................20 Reading the Book.......................................................................................21 Real-World Explorations ...........................................................................25 Creative Arts ..............................................................................................32 Games and Movement ...............................................................................37 Songs and Fingerplays ...............................................................................45

Templates and Take-Home Activities ...................................................................51

Activities by Standards............................................................................... 61

Approaches to Learning.........................................................................................62 Creative Arts ..........................................................................................................62 Language and Literacy...........................................................................................62 Logical Mathematics..............................................................................................63 Personal-Social ......................................................................................................63 Physical-Health ......................................................................................................63 Program Partnerships .............................................................................................64 Science ...................................................................................................................64 Social Studies.........................................................................................................64

Additional Resources.................................................................................. 65

Websites.................................................................................................................66 Nonfiction ..............................................................................................................68 Fiction ....................................................................................................................69

Additional Articles ...................................................................................... 71

Mole Shares Another Treasure ..............................................................................72 Won’t You Come Over to My House? ..................................................................73

Index............................................................................................................. 75

Introduction

6 Introduction

Acknowledgements

Pennsylvania’s One Book, Every Young Child program is an early childhood learning initiative created by the following collaborators: Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Association for the Education of Young Children Pennsylvania Center for the Book Pennsylvania Child Care Association Pennsylvania Department of Education Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare Pennsylvania Library Association Pennsylvania Public Television Network PennSERVE Please Touch Museum State Museum of Pennsylvania Particular recognition is given to the Please Touch Museum in Philadelphia and the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh for developing this Activities Guide and the Traveling Trunk that can be used by the library and early learning communities. The Museums have made an inspired selection of puppets, games, music and suggested activities that support the collaboration’s goal of providing opportunities to engage young children in interactive learning. Research shows that children learn more when they are actively engaged. The Verizon Foundation is recognized and thanked for providing funding to enable every Head Start, Family Literacy, center and home-based childcare program in the Commonwealth to receive a copy of the book What a Treasure! by Jane and Will Hillenbrand and to learn about related activities that support the Pennsylvania’s Early Learning Standards.

—Susan Pannebaker, One Book, Every Young Child Coordinator

This project is funded, in part, by the Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act as administered by the Office of Commonwealth Libraries.

Introduction 7

Introduction by the Illustrator, Will Hillenbrand

I have lived almost all my life in Cincinnati, Ohio, where I grew up surrounded by stories. My parents owned a barber shop where I listened to conversations that seemed to me stories about adult life. My grandmother, who lived nearby, shared stories about her earlier life on a farm with my three brothers and me when we kept her company during thunderstorms. Drawing was how I captured the stories I heard. I drew mostly at the kitchen table, but also used my crayons on stairwell walls, not always to my mother’s delight. I think and see in pictures, so when I read or write a manuscript, I just let the wonder of it take me in. The story will tell me what to do . . . it stretches and deepens my imagination. With my trusty pencil and journal by my side a stream of pictures will practically scratch themselves out before me.

I really work in three worlds at once: the world of the imagination, the world of myth, and the physical world. Children seem to live comfortably in all three. I hope to link these worlds together thus giving a voice to my books. I am a very lucky man, I get up everyday and do what I love—making books for young people. I have created over fifty books for young readers and hope to make many more . . . maybe one just for you.

8 Introduction

About the Hillenbrands As a child, Jane Hillenbrand spent countless hours reading. She could be found tucked deep in the corner of her bedroom closet, perched high in the family tree house or nestled on the school jungle gym at recess with a book in hand. This love of reading led to a career in teaching young children with hopes of inspiring a passion for stories, poetry and the power of words. Now, with more than twenty years

in the early childhood classroom, she has opened the doors of literacy for many through the joys of learning to read and write. In turn, the children have opened doors for Jane by helping her to see the extraordinary in the ordinary. The magic of loosing a first tooth, the excitement in discovering an auburn maple leaf on the September ground or the wonders of a simple stick becoming a transforming wand, all have helped her view the world in a most appreciative way. What a Treasure! was inspired by ordinary objects being extraordinary as seen through the eyes and experiences of Jane and Will’s two-year-old son, Ian. Ian loved to dig. His prized possession (in addition to books) was a miniature shovel. He spent many hours unearthing soil in the backyard, tunneling through snow and “excavating” in the cool air duct of their 1940’s home. He also loved taking walks. These walks were adventures in discovery as Ian collected sticks, rocks, feathers, pine cones and leaves. Through the eyes of a child, daily walks became a time of marvel and awe of objects previously taken for granted. It is this marvel and wonder as well as the joy of reading and friendship that led to the creation of What a Treasure! It is the hope of Will and Jane that children and adults look more closely at the world around them and see the beauty and magic in everything no matter how simple or common, discover the joy of reading and recognize that the greatest treasures, in addition to reading, are the extraordinary gifts of friendship and love.

Introduction 9

More Books Written and Illustrated by Will Hillenbrand

Louie, Philomel, 2009. Cock-A-Doodle Christmas! Marshall Cavendish, 2007. My Book Box, Harcourt, 2006. Asleep in the Stable, Holiday House, 2004. Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush, Harcourt, 2003. Fiddle-I-Fee, Harcourt, 2002. Down by the Station, Harcourt, 1999.

More Books Illustrated by Will Hillenbrand

Adler, David A. Andy Russell Series. Harcourt Brace, 1998. Birdseye, Tom. Look Out Jack! The Giant Is Back! Holiday House, 2001. Cuyler, Margery. The Biggest, Best Snowman. Scholastic Press, 1998. Cuyler, Margery. The Bumpy Little Pumpkin. Scholastic Press, 2005. Doyle, Malachy. One, Two, Three O'Leary. Margaret K. McElderry, 2004. Ehrlich, Amy. Baby Dragon. Candlewick, 2008. Hickox, Rebecca. The Golden Sandal. Holiday House, 1998. Kutner, Merrily. Down on the Farm. Holiday House, 2004. Livingston, Myra Cohn. Calendar. Holiday House, 2007. Macgill-Callahan, Sheila. The Last Snake in Ireland: A Story about St.

Patrick. Holiday House, 1999. Miller, Bobbi. One Fine Trade. Holiday House, 2009. Odanaka, Barbara. Smash! Mash! Crash! There Goes the Trash! Margaret

K. McElderry, 2006. Root, Phyllis. Kiss the Cow. Candlewick Press, 2000 Shulman, Lisa. The Moon Might Be Milk. Dutton, 2007. Sierra, Judy. Counting Crocodiles. Harcourt Brace, 1997. Sierra, Judy. Preschool to the Rescue. Harcourt, 2001. Sierra, Judy. The House That Drac Built. Harcourt Brace, 1995. Sierra, Judy. 'Twas the Fright Before Christmas. Harcourt, 2002. St. George, Judith. The Journey of the One and Only Declaration of

Independence. Philomel, 2005. Wilson, Karma. Whopper Cake. Margaret K. McElderry, 2006. Wooldridge, Connie Nordhielm. Wicked Jack. Holiday House, 1995. Wright, Maureen. Sleep, Big Bear, Sleep! Marshall Cavendish, 2009. Yolen, Jane. This Little Piggy. Candlewick, 2006.

What a Treasure! Activities

Fitting These Activities to Suit Your Needs

The What a Treasure! Activities section is divided into two main parts. This first part, Fitting These Activities to Suit Your Needs, outlines some ways to fit these activities into your programs. Make it as extensive as a several-week interdisciplinary unit or as simple as an extra lesson to complement an existing program. Pick and choose activities based on type, or use a ready-made agenda, like those on pages 16 - 19. Once you decide how to use the activities, find full procedures in the next part of this section, Activity Descriptions, beginning on page 20.

Fitting These Activities to Suit Your Needs 13

Activities by Age Group: Toddlers

• Reading What a Treasure! (22) • Make-Believe Play (24) • Archaeology: Digging Activity (28) • Dig These Snacks (36) • Treasure Hunts: Hunt 1 (39) • Digging Dances (42) • Mole Friend Dances (43) • Tunnel Maze (44) • Songs and Fingerplays (45-50)

Preschoolers • All activities are appropriate for preschoolers, reasonably adapted to suit your

particular group. School-Age Children

• Moles (26) • Mole Facts (27) • Archaeology (28) • Mining in Pennsylvania History (29) • Nature Dig (30) • All about Tunnels (31) • Treasure Chests (33) • Trash Sculpture (34) • Will Hillenbrand’s Art (35) • Treasure Hunts: Hunt 2 (39)

14 Fitting These Activities to Suit Your Needs

Types of Activities:

Station-Ready • Make-Believe Play (24) • Archaeology: Digging Activity (28) • All about Tunnels (31) • Treasure Chests (33) • Trash Sculpture* (34) • Will Hillenbrand’s Art* (35) • Dig These Snacks (36) • Digging for Door Prizes* (38) • Treasure Match (41) • Tunnel Maze (44)

* Activities marked with an asterisk require adult supervision Large Group

• Reading What a Treasure! (22) • Retelling the Story with Felt Pieces (23) • Moles (26) • Treasure Hunts (39) • Musical Treasure Chest (40) • Digging Dances (42) • Mole Friend Dances (43) • Songs and Fingerplays (45-50)


Traveling Trunk

*Note: Be sure to check back. The contents of the trunk will be

published at a later date.

Notice: Trunk components marked with an * contain small pieces that may be a choking hazard. They should not be used unattended by children under three.


What a Treasure! As a/an:

Single Story Time Here is a suggested agenda for a basic, one-hour What a Treasure! storytelling session. It includes a variety of activities (large group, individual, large motor, fine motor, and creative). Mix and match other activities within this format as your group’s abilities and interests suggest.

• Reading (and discussing) What a Treasure! (22) • Archaeology (28) • Nature Dig (30) • Treasure Chests (33) • Digging Dances (42) OR Mole Friend Dances (43) • Songs and Fingerplay (45-50) • Provide Copies of Take-Home Activities (54-55, 58-60)


Themed Series Here are some themed agendas to try. Use all of them, pick one or two, or create your own with the activity lists on pages 13-14. Treasures and Friends

• Reading What a Treasure! (22) • Treasure Chests (33) • Musical Treasure Chest (40) • Mole Friend Dances (43)

Nature Facts

• Moles (26) • Mole Facts (27) • Nature Dig (30) • Dig These Snacks (36) • Treasure Match (41)

Treasure Hunting

• Archaeology (28) • Trash Sculpture (34) • Treasure Hunts (39) • Digging Dances (42)

Digging Deep

• Make-Believe Play (24) • Mining in PA History (29) • All about Tunnels (31) • Tunnel Maze (44)


Activity Station: Themed activities can be arranged in stations that visitors attend in their own time, with little and sometimes no need for teacher direction. Stations provide more flexibility than a focused large-group, teacher-led session—allowing children to learn through play. To organize your own activity stations, first decide how they will be used by answering the following questions:

• Will each station be staffed and, if so, by whom (regular staff/teachers, community volunteers, etc.)? Many of the activities require an adult to give directions and watch for safety. Be sure to choose activities that you can appropriately staff. You might group several related activities at the same station under the supervision of just one staff member. Keep the complexity of the activities and the expected number of visitors in mind as you plan.

• Will stations be visited on a voluntary basis, like booths at a carnival, or will

people rotate from station to station on a timed schedule? In a school setting, a teacher might prefer a more structured rotation, while a carnival booth format would be useful in a public library or festival situation (see next page), where visitors may be coming in at different times and parents may be with children to help them pick and choose the activities they will do.

• Will stations be open at all times, or will there be a specific station visiting

time? If stations will be open continuously, you will want to set them up in a separate area from the readings or group activities—if only the other end of a room—so that they are not distractions. If space is limited, start one station-type activity, perhaps a craft, with your small group after the readings, and set up other stations while the guests are busy with this first.

Once you decide how you want to use your stations, choose the activities that meet your needs. On page 14, you will find a list of the activities that can be set up at a station. Those requiring staffing have been marked with an asterisk.


Treasure Festival Host a festival for a large community group by combining scheduled readings, large-group activities, and stations visitors can attend in their own time. Bring in special guests, such as a local mole expert, a professional digger, or a celebrity reader—maybe even the Hillenbrands themselves! If there are multiple entrances to your room, cover one doorway with cardboard, and cut a tunnel-shaped hole in the bottom half, just small enough that kids (and adults) need to stoop to go through, but be sure to keep an alternate entrance handy! Add to the illusion of tunneling in by hanging brown streamers thickly over every entrance. Set up your room in several sections:

• Build your Tunnel Maze (44) in a place, and size, most convenient to your space. Set up costumes and other make-believe items near the maze so that they can be used together or separately, as desired.

• Set up a variety of digging stations, perhaps, with different digging materials in

each. Use some for All about Tunnels (31), some for Archaeology (28) and some set up as a simulated Nature Dig (30). Nearby, set up an archeological display table where visitors can showcase their discoveries, labeling each with the template on page 56 or a similar page.

• Set up each craft separately. Keep the bins for the Trash Sculpture (34) materials

out of the way of the rest of the festival, so no one mistakes them for useable garbage cans.

• Your Dig These Snacks (36) table should

be near a hand-washing station, especially for visitors coming directly from a digging station.

• Reserve an open area for reading and for large group activities.

Activity Descriptions

Find the materials you need, the procedures you can use, and the Early Childhood Standards that each activity covers here. For each activity, there are open-ended questions to help you more deeply engage children in the learning experience. These questions are not a prescription, but are included to inspire your own questions. The activities are sorted by:

• Reading the Book • Real-World Explorations • Creative Arts • Games and Movement • Songs and Fingerplays

The last part of this section, Templates and Take-Home Activities, offers a variety of activities you can copy and send home, as well as stencils you can use for the activities already described in other sections.

Activity Descriptions 21

Reading the Book

Good questioning while reading the book, and these additional reading activities, can help to broaden your reading experience.

22 Reading the Book

Reading What a Treasure!

Asking open-ended questions as you read not only helps children to better understand a story, but doing so also helps you to better understand the children: their background knowledge, their creativity, their interests and their dreams. Materials needed:

• What a Treasure! Activity:

Read the story, asking open ended questions throughout. Below are some suggestions to get you started.

Questions:

Before the story: • What is a mole? • What is a treasure? • How would you know if you found a treasure?

During the story: • What would YOU do with a new shovel? What else could you do? • What could you do with a twig? A shell? An acorn? • Who else might think a twig is a treasure? A shell? An acorn? • Mole’s father wishes him luck, Mole’s mother wishes him fun, and his

brother doesn’t think he’ll find anything good. What do you think they each would say if he does find a treasure? What would they each say if he doesn’t find anything?

After the story: • What would you do with a new friend? • What could you find if you dug a hole? • What would be the best treasure for you to find?

Standards:

RL 1.6A Listen responsively to directions, stories and conversations

L 1.2C Respond and make connections to story events and characters by relating personal experiences

Reading the Book 23

Retelling the Story with Felt Pieces Each time children hear a story, they become more familiar not only with the story itself, but also with the subtle details they might not have noticed the first time. Props, such as felt pieces, help children to retell the story themselves. Materials needed:

• What a Treasure! • A flannel board • Flannel board pieces of characters and treasures, copied and assembled from

Flannel Board Templates (52-53) Activity:

Mix up the flannel board pieces and lay them out on the floor. Read the story. Have volunteers illustrate the story on the flannel board as you go, one piece at a time. Afterward, volunteers can retell the story in their own words using the flannel board.

Questions:

• Can you tell the story using flannel pieces? • What happens in the beginning of the story? • What happens in the middle of the story? • What happens at the end? • How would you change the story to make something different happen?

Standards:

C 1.3A Retell a simple story in sequence using illustrations in a book or literary props

24 Reading the Book

Make-Believe Play: Bringing the Story to Life

What would you do if you were Mole? Or his parents? Or his friends? With good questioning, you can help the children delve deeper into the story. Materials needed:

• Overalls, hardhats, and other dress-up materials • Toy shovels and other digging tools • Puppets or stuffed animals of the characters

Activity:

Allow children access to these make-believe materials—so that they can reenact the story or come up with new stories to tell.

Questions:

• What does each of the animals do now that they have their newly found treasures? How do they feel about their treasures?

• What things do Mole and his new friend do together? Show us. • What does Mole’s brother do now that he sees Mole has found a worthy

treasure? • What do Mole’s parents do now? • Can you retell the story using the dress-up clothes and toys? • What else does Mole find in his hole? • What treasures did Mole’s friend find already? • What would happen if Mole reaches dirt or a rock that is too hard to dig?

Standards:

CA 9.3D Express own ideas through dramatic play activities PS 3.3H Play cooperatively with peers for a sustained time


Real-World Explorations

Science experiments and related nonfiction show the facts behind the made-up story. Learn more about moles, digging, and treasure hunting in real life.

26 Real-World Explorations

Moles Moles dig, but they don’t use shovels... or wear clothes, talk to other animals, or wish each other luck. What are real moles like? Materials needed:

• A nonfiction mole book or photographs of real moles • Copies of Mole Facts (27) • Touch and feel box/bag

Activity:

Read or browse a nonfiction mole book, or look at pictures of real moles and share some of the Mole Facts (27). Pretend to be a mole. First, close your eyes and concentrate on your other senses.

What do you hear? What do you smell? What do you feel? What else do you notice?

Keep your eyes closed. Spread out your hands and imagine they are wide mole paws. Without leaving your seat or opening your eyes, pretend to dig a tunnel in front of you with your wide mole paws. How do you use your paws to dig? What do you sense as you go? Reach your mole paws into the touch and feel bag. Can you tell what it is you have found by touch? Then you are on your way to being a good mole!

Questions:

• What do you know about moles? • How does it feel to be a mole? • What would you do if you were a mole? • What other animals live under the ground? How do they move? How are

their movements different from a mole’s? How are they alike? Standards:

SC 3.3D Notice similarities and differences and categories of plants and animals AL 1 D Use multiple strategies and all available senses to explore and learn from

the environment

Real-World Explorations 27

Mole Facts

Moles are small mammals, about 5 inches long. They look a little like mice with big paws and no ears. But moles are not rodents like mice. Moles are insectivores. Rodents have short snouts with prominent front teeth. Insectivores have long snouts with many sharp teeth that are good for eating bugs.

Moles have wide, clawed front feet that they use to dig through the ground. They dig whenever they are awake, searching the soil for insects and worms to eat. Moles have very weak eyes that don’t do much except sense light. Instead, they rely on their senses of touch, smell, and even electrical charge to “see” what they are doing. It doesn’t matter to a mole whether it is night or day underground. They dig and eat for four hours, sleep for four hours, dig and eat another four hours, sleep another four hours, back and forth all day and night. Moles do not really live in families like the moles in What a Treasure! They tunnel wide areas alone. Sometimes moles can be pests if they tunnel too near the surface and make holes in people’s yards. But most of the time moles are helpful animals that eat harmful bugs and aerate the soil to help plants grow.

Information from: Moles and Hedgehogs: What They Have in Common, by Sara Swan Miller. Franklin Watts, 2001; and “Moles” Fact Sheet, Penn State College of Agriculture, http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/uh084.pdf, 2005.


Archeology: Real Life Treasure Hunting Archeologists dig for treasures in real life, but the stories those treasures tell about the people, who used them, are more important than the treasures themselves. This activity introduces the concept of archeology, and lets the children try it for themselves. Materials needed:

• A book about archeology, see Additional Resources: Nonfiction (68) • A sand/rice table or large shallow bin, such as an under-bed storage container • Clean, chemical-free bagged soil, sand, rice, birdseed, or other dig-able material • Small digging tools, such as trowels, plasticware, sticks, and old toothbrushes • Small objects, such as natural items like sticks, shells, nuts, pinecones, leaves,

rocks; and litter such as bottle caps, small toys, wrappers, broken (but not sharp) pieces of things, and curiosities.

• Discovery Report (56), optional Activity:

Beforehand, bury a variety of small objects in soil or similar material in your sensory table or a large bin. Read or browse a nonfiction archeology book. Use the tools to dig through the dirt until you find something. Now tell a story about what you found: who it belonged to, and what they would do with it. You can also answer these questions on paper or use Discovery Report (56) to create a book or display of everyone’s archeological discoveries.

Questions:

• Who does this treasure belong to? • How do you think this treasure was used? • What can you tell me about archeology?

Standards:

AL 3E Classify, compare, and contrast objects, events, and experiences SC 3.2C Use tools and equipment to explore objects SS 8.1B Understand how things, people, and places change over time


Mining in Pennsylvania History Mining, especially of coal, is so entrenched in our state’s history that it still touches our lives today even when we don’t notice it. How has mining affected your area? Adapt this activity to connect mining—digging for useful treasure—to the places and people your group may already be familiar with. Materials:

• Book about mining, see Additional Resources: Nonfiction (68) • Maps and pictures of mining in your area

Activity:

Adapt this activity to the mining in your area by visiting the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Economic Resources at www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/econresource/index.aspx or any of the other mining resources on page 67. Gather as many of these resources as you can, including: maps showing the locations of mines or mined resources in your town or area, pictures of local mines today, pictures of local mines and miners in history, names of places and organizations in the area that owe their names or histories to something mining related, information (and possibly a sample) about whatever resource is mined nearest to you, and a book about mining. Study the map together. How close are the mines to where you are? Locate several well-known landmarks on the map alongside the mining to make the proximity easier to understand. Read a book about mining or discuss the pictures.

Questions:

• Do you know someone who works or worked in a mine? • Did anyone in your family work in a mine long ago? • What comes from mines and how is it used? What would you dig for in a

mine? • What do you notice in these pictures? • How are the people dressed in the pictures? What are they doing? • Would you like to work in a mine? What work would you do?

Standards:

SC 3.5D Understand the importance of natural resources; that the environment provides for the needs of the people

SS 7.3H Develop a beginning understanding of maps as representations of actual places

SS 8.1B Understand how things, people, and places change over time SS 6.1C Develop an understanding of how goods and services are produced and

distributed


Nature Dig What will you find when YOU dig for treasure? This simple scavenger hunt lets you see and tally the results. Materials needed:

• A patch of ground outdoors • Small digging tools • Nature Dig Checklist (57) • A writing tool (pencil, marker, or crayon) • Chalkboard, whiteboard, easel, or butcher paper

Activity:

Pass out checklists, writing utensils, and digging tools. Assign each person or small group a small area of land to explore. Explore the surface of the ground first. What do you see that you don’t have to dig for? Make a tally for each item you find on your checklist. Draw, write, or mark in the “?” square anything interesting you find that isn’t on the list. Now dig a little at a time, keeping track of everything you find. After five, ten, or fifteen minutes, depending on the attention span of your group and how well you are able to dig in your ground, call a stop. On the board, graph together everyone’s results for each item on the list.

Questions:

• What did we find a lot of? • What didn’t we find much of? • Why do you think we found so many of this in our yard? • What was your favorite treasure we found today?

Standards:

SC 3.2B Collect, describe, and record information SC 3.5B Investigate properties of rocks, soil, and water LM 2.1D Begin to use language to compare numbers of objects with terms such as

more, less, greater than, fewer, equal to LM 2.6B Contribute data for simple graphs


All about Tunnels Experiment with different materials to build a tunnel that stays in place and a series of tunnels for a marble “mole.” If you can, check out some real tunnel-building action with an ant farm! Materials needed:

• Sand table or box with digging material as described in Archaeology (8) • Cans, boxes, and tubes • Marble maze • Ant farm, optional

Activity:

If you have access to an ant farm, observe these real animals in the process of building tunnels. How do they do it? How could YOU do it? Dig a tunnel in the sand or other digging material. How far can you dig a tunnel before it falls down? Experiment with tubes and boxes to build a tunnel in the sand that does not fall down. What works? Experiment with a marble maze to build a tunnel/track for a marble to roll through. Try to use pieces so that your marble can go many places and not get stuck in one place or move through only a small part of the track.

Questions:

• How can you build a tunnel by digging? • How can you build a tunnel by piling material on top of a support? • If you dig a tunnel, what will you do with the material you dig away? • What materials can you use to support the tunnel? • How do ants build tunnels? How do moles? • How can you place the pieces of the marble maze so that the marble does not

get stuck? So that the marble is moving in the tunnel for a long time? How will you make it shorter?

Standards:

AL 3 D Recognize and solve problems through observation, active exploration, trial and error, and interactions and discussions with peers and adults

AL 5B Use or combine materials/strategies in novel ways to explore and solve problems

SC 3.2C Use tools and equipment to explore objects. SC 3.2D Make and verify predictions PH 10.5C Demonstrate eye-hand coordination

32 Activity Descriptions

Creative Arts

Put your imagination in action to bring the story to life with these art activities.

Creative Arts 33

Treasure Chests

These treasure chests can really be used! But for a simpler activity, draw your treasure on the template without building a treasure chest. Materials needed:

• Shoeboxes, preferably ones with a hinged lid • Colored tissue paper • Glue and open containers/plates to pour it into • Paintbrushes that can be used with glue • Buttons, sequins and other decorative items, optional • This Is My Treasure (58) • Crayons, markers, or colored pencils

Activity:

Tear tissue paper into assorted shapes and sizes. Use brushes to brush the glue onto a small area of the box, and cover that area with tissue paper. Continue brushing on glue and applying tissue paper until the entire box is covered. Try overlapping pieces of tissue paper, and don’t be afraid to add more on top of what you’ve already done. Brush glue over the top of all the tissue paper to make a protective coating. Decorate with trim, if desired, and allow time to dry completely. Meanwhile, on the This Is My Treasure (58) or a separate piece of paper, draw a picture of the object you treasure most. Store this picture at the bottom of your completed, dry treasure chest. You can store other small treasures in your chest, too!

Questions:

• What is your treasure? • Is your treasure something you can keep in a chest? If not, where? • What else can you keep in this chest? • If you gave this treasure chest to someone else, who would it be? • What would be the perfect treasure to give to your friend?

Standards:

CA 9.1B Demonstrate the ability to represent experiences, thoughts, and ideas through the use of visual art forms

L 1.5B Use recognizable drawings to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas PH 10.5D Demonstrate increasing control with writing and drawing implements

34 Creative Arts

Trash Sculpture

One person’s trash is another person’s treasure. Turn cast-offs into treasures by using them to create a beautiful work of art. Materials needed:

• Colored masking tape and/or glue • An adult-manned hot glue gun, optional • Cardboard boxes, tubes, etc. • Junk mail, especially colorful ads • Plastic bottles and bottle caps • Plasticware and straws • Broken, but not sharp, pieces of things

Activity:

Spread the materials out on the table. Select pieces to use in your sculpture and attach them in whatever manner works best. For the occasional awkward plastic connections that won’t stick with regular glue or tape, you can use hot glue. To use hot glue with young children, put an adult in charge of the glue gun. Have the children decide which pieces they want to put where; and then they can instruct the adult where to put the glue once all the decisions have been made.

Questions:

• What can you do with this piece? • How many different ways can you use this? • How can you use the colored paper to create a design on your sculpture? • How can you change these pieces (cut, color, etc.) before adding them to your

sculpture? • Do you want to make a sculpture that looks like something specific, or would

you rather make a free-form sculpture that just looks interesting? Standards:

AL 5B Use or combine materials/strategies in novel ways to explore and solve problems

CA 9.1C Select different media to express emotions and ideas CA 9.1D Show care and persistence in a variety of art projects SC 3.5F Participate in a variety of activities that preserve the environment

Creative Arts 35

Will Hillenbrand’s Art

A technique Will Hillenbrand uses in his artwork is to draw on both sides of a sheet of translucent vellum paper. You can experiment with these coloring effects with vellum or with lower-quality tracing paper. See the technique in action at www.willhillenbrand.com/content/downloads/process_STARTING.pdf Materials needed:

• Vellum paper, available from art supply stores, or tracing paper • Colored pencils • Narrow felt tip markers

Activity: Draw an outline picture (don’t fill in colors yet) on one side of the vellum or tracing paper. Turn your picture over and hold it up to the light. What do you see? Add some color on the back side of your picture, filling in your design. Color in big sections, but leave some sections plain. Turn your picture over to the first side and hold it back up to the light. Now what do you see? Now add more colors and details on the first side of your picture. You can color in sections you didn’t color before; color over sections that already have color, or add details like stripes or spots. Try a variety of colors in both marker and colored pencil. Questions:

• How do your colors change when they overlap other colors? • How does your picture change when you turn the paper over? • What effects do you like best: marker over marker, pencil over marker,

marker over pencil, or pencil over pencil? Why? • How is coloring this way different from coloring on regular drawing paper? • Which side of your picture do you like best when you are all done? Why?

Display that side for everyone to see! Standards:

AL 3A Demonstrate a growing ability to predict possible outcomes related to cause and effect

CA 9.1A Show curiosity and explore visual materials and activities

CA 9.1 B Demonstrate the ability to represent experiences, thoughts, and ideas through the use of visual art forms

LM 2.9 E Understand directionality, order, and positions of objects

36 Creative Arts

Dig These Snacks

Here are two themed snacks for you to enjoy.

Recipe 1: Dirt Pudding

Ingredients (makes 8 large cupfuls): • 1 package instant pudding, preferably chocolate flavor • 2 cups cold milk • 1 tub whipped topping • 1 package chocolate cookies, crushed • Gummy worms • Optional additional layers:

• Additional flavors of pudding, vanilla and butterscotch for new dirt colors, prepared the same way as the chocolate with milk and whipped topping.

• Additional types of crushed cookies, such as vanilla wafers and graham crackers

Directions:

Beat milk and pudding mix until well-blended. Let sit for five minutes. Fold in whipped topping and half the cookie crumbs. Layer cookie crumbs and pudding mixture into clear plastic cups. Incorporate Gummy worms into the layers as you go, and top with additional cookie crumbs and worms.

Questions: • Comparing the layers of pudding to the layers of dirt in the real ground,

have you seen layers like this where the hills have been cut away beside the highway?

Recipe 2: Bird’s Nest

Ingredients:

• Shredded wheat cereal • Yogurt • Round berries such as grapes or blueberries

Crumble shredded wheat into a bowl. Mix in just enough yogurt so that the shredded wheat sticks together and can be molded, and mold it into a nest shape. Put round fruit in the nest as eggs.

Standards:

PH 10.3B Exhibit knowledge about foods and nutrition PH 10.5A Demonstrate control, strength, and dexterity to manipulate objects


Games and Movement

Get moving, activities that will give you a workout or at least keep you on your toes!

38 Games and Movement

Digging for Door Prizes

If you are having a festival or themed party, why not incorporate your giveaways into a game? By adding sharing rules, you reinforce the friendship themes of the story. Materials needed:

• Plastic tarp • Fresh wood chips, packing peanuts, or similar material • Small door prizes, such as bookmarks, wrapped candy or small toys • Blindfolds, optional

Activity:

Spread the tarp on the floor. This will make cleanup much easier. Dump the wood chips in the center, and mix the door prizes in. Establish rules before allowing players to dig in, such as:

• Only two or three prizes per person • Only so many people searching at a time, depending on the size of the group • You must not put anything back once you dig it up • You must share at least one treasure with someone else. You may trade what

you find—so, that everyone gets what they would treasure most. • Wear a blindfold, so that you must rely on your other senses just like a mole

does. Questions:

• How can you use your sense of touch to find the treasures? Your sense of sight (if not blindfolded)? Any other senses?

• Who might treasure something you found more? • Were some treasures easier to find than others? Why?

Standards:

PH 10.5B Demonstrate spatial awareness PS 3.2 D Follow rules and routines in classroom and other settings PS 3.3J Share materials when appropriate

Games and Movement 39

Treasure Hunts

Two different sorts of treasure hunts use different ways of thinking. Gathering treasures sharpens observation skills; following clues sharpens reasoning. Materials needed:

• Many small paper cutout “treasures” of various colors, or many small similar items such as pennies, depending on age of group

• Pictures of various items around the room • A final “Treasure,” such as a book, game, or gift for the group

Activity:

Hunt 1: Scatter and hide small items around your area. Put some in plain sight, some camouflaged against similar colored backgrounds, and some more carefully hidden. Everyone find as many of the treasures as possible in a set time. Compete to find the most per person, or work together as one team to try to find all the objects hidden before time is up. Count the objects you find. Hunt 2: Hide a Treasure. This can be a book to share as a group, a snack, a game, or some sort of prize. Use the musical treasure chest described on the next page, and lead into a game of musical treasure chest this way! Take pictures of various objects around the room and print them. One of the pictures should be of the treasure’s hiding place. Hide this picture at a location shown in another picture. Hide THAT picture in another pictured location, and so on, until each picture leads to another hiding place, ending up at the treasure. Keep one picture unhidden: give this picture to your questers as the first clue. With school-aged children, use written clues as well or instead.

Questions:

• What strategies did you use to find the objects? • How did you find the places shown in the pictures?

Standards:

AL 1D Use multiple strategies and all available senses to explore and learn from the environment

AL 3D Recognize and solve problems through observation, active exploration, trial and error, and interactions and discussions with peers and adults

LM 2.1A Use counting and numbers as part of play and as a means for determining quantity


Musical Treasure Chest

This variation on Musical Chairs or Pass the Parcel hones problem solving and spontaneous storytelling skills. Materials needed:

• Shoebox decorated as a treasure chest, maybe one from Treasure Chests (33) • Various small items, enough that everyone can have one • Upbeat music

Activity:

Fill a treasure chest with small items. Sit in a circle. Pass the box around the circle as the music plays. When the music stops, whoever has the box pulls out one item without looking. That person must explain whose treasure this is and why it is their treasure. You may choose to have each person tell their story immediately. Or wait until everyone has picked, and then tell stories.

Questions:

• Whose treasure is this? • What makes it a treasure? • How did it end up in the treasure chest?

Standards:

EL 1.6K Ask and answer relevant questions and share experiences individually and in groups


Treasure Match

This game can be played individually at a station, or by the whole group, taking turns. Materials needed:

• Treasure cards, Traveling Trunk or Treasure Match Cards (54-55) Activity:

First, match each character to its treasure, as a simple puzzle. Then, turn all the cards over and mix them up. Turn over two cards at a time. If the cards are a matching character and treasure, collect them. If not, the next player takes a turn.

Questions:

• Whose treasure is this? • How might this character (whether matching or not) use this treasure?

Standards:

AL 3E Classify, compare and contrast objects, events and experiences LM 2.8A Recognize how things are alike and identify objects that belong together LM 2.5B Use simple strategies to problem solve SC 3.3D Notice similarities and differences and categories of plants and animals


Digging Dances

Here’s an aerobics routine that reviews many methods of digging. Materials needed:

• Pictures of digging tools, or small tools themselves • Space for dancing • Upbeat music

Activity:

Review digging tools you might use in the dance. Ask who knows the names of each tool. Have everyone spread out. Play upbeat music. In time to the music, pretend to dig. Call out which tool everyone will pretend to use next. “Everyone dig:

• ...with a spade” • ...with a trowel • ...with your front claws like a mole” • ...with your feet” • ...with a hoe” • ...with a snow plow” • ...with a back hoe” • ...with a stick” • ...with a bucket”

For each tool, you can add additional directions, like “behind you,” “way down low,” or “very slowly.”

Questions: • Which tool would you use to dig for treasure? Why? • Which tool would you use for a very small hole? Why? • Which tool did you like pretending to use the most?

Standards:

PH 10.4A Demonstrate control of large body movements CA 9.3C Participate in teacher-led dramatic activities RL 1.6B Follow simple and multiple-step directions RL 1.6C Demonstrate increasing understanding of new vocabulary introduced in

conversations, activities, stories, or books


Mole Friend Dances

A friend is the best treasure to find! Materials needed:

• Cutout moles, such as Flannel Board (52-53,) appropriately marked in pairs, see below)

• Energetic music Activity:

Before the activity, make mole cutouts in pairs—so two each have matching stickers, colors, or designs. Tape a mole to each child. Everyone dance to the music until it stops, getting all mixed up around the room. When the music stops, everyone finds their matching mole friend –the mole that has the same design as them.

Questions:

• How do you find your friend? • What is your favorite way to dance?

Standards:

LM 2.3 Sort, categorize, classify, and order objects by more than one attribute. PH 10.4A Demonstrate control of large body movements PH 10.4C Demonstrate spatial awareness


Tunnel Maze

Is it too hard to dig a tunnel big enough to crawl through? Construct one out of easily found items, and try some of these moley activities. Materials needed:

• Sheets • Tables and chairs • Large cardboard boxes • Toy tunnel tubes and tents • Duct tape or a staple gun for securing everything • Flashlights, blindfolds, or sunglasses

Activity:

Construct a maze of tunnels using sheets draped on furniture, cardboard boxes, and toy tunnels. Then choose a unique way to move through it. • Turn out the lights and use flashlights to get through. • Wear a blindfold. Have a non-blindfolded friend guide you through. • Wear dark sunglasses to make it a little harder (and more mole-like) to see. You can even wear dark sunglasses with the lights out—but don’t be surprised if your tunnels get knocked down this way.

Questions:

• How can you find your way through the maze if you can’t see? • What advice would you give someone else who has to go through the maze? • What is the hardest way to get though the maze? The easiest? • How is going through the maze again different from the first time?

Standards:

PH 10.4A Demonstrate control of large body movements PH 10.4C Demonstrate spatial awareness SC 3.4D Use five sense to explore world


Songs and Fingerplays

You can use these rhymes to open or conclude a reading of the story— or at any other time they seem to be appropriate!

46 Songs and Fingerplays

Digging Song Sung to "Row Your Boat"

Dig, Dig, Dig a hole

Dig it in the ground

Dig until you find a treasure

Tell me what you've found

(Name something, such as, Stick, stick, stick) we've found

Found it in the hole

I will give it to a (bird)

A treasure from a mole. Standards:

CA 9.2D Demonstrate ability to use movement and music CA 9.3C Participate in teacher-guided dramatic activities

Songs and Fingerplays 47

What a Treasure Sung to "Frère Jacques"

From Jennifer McKinney, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

What a treasure, what a treasure

Mole did find, mole did find.

He found a shell for snail! He found a shell for snail!

What a find, what a find

...He found a twig for bird! He found a twig for bird! …

...He found a nut for squirrel! He found a nut for squirrel! …

...He found a brand new friend! He found a brand new friend! … Standards:



Three Blind Moles Sung to "Three Blind Mice"

From Heather LeVeck and Bonny Yeager, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

Three blind moles. Three blind moles.

See how they dig. See how they dig.

They dug a tunnel underground,

Through the dirt and all around,

And soon a tasty worm they found,

Three blind moles. Standards:


Songs and Fingerplays 49

The Mole in the Hole Adapted from a fingerplay about a mouse by Betsy Kampmeinert

Start by introducing the children to their thumb as a mole. “Put out your hand, and tuck your thumb down—that’s your mole—now we’ll hide the mole in a hole!” Close your fingers around it.

A mole lived in a little hole (thumb hidden in fist)

Softly in a little hole (softer; pull hand closer)

When all was quiet as can be (very, very quiet)

Out . . . jumped...he! (loudly; burst hands open) Standards:



Have You Ever Seen a Mole?

Sung to “Have You Ever Seen a Lassie?” From Georgene DeFilippo, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

Have you ever seen a mole? A mole? A mole?

Have you ever seen a mole? Dig this way and that?

Dig this way and that way, dig this way and that way

Did you ever seen a mole dig this way and that

Have you ever seen a squirrel...

Scramble this way and that way...

Have you ever seen a bird...

Flutter this way and that way....

Have you ever seen a snail....

Crawl this way and that way... Standards:


Templates and Take-Home Activities

Copy and enlarge the following pages as needed for the educational use of your organization. They include patterns for crafts and activities (some described in the previous sections), activity sheets, parent information sheets to send home, and more.

Artwork by Will Hillenbrand.

52 Templates and Take-Home Activities

© PA One Book Every Young Child, 2010. Please reproduce this template for the use of your educational program.

Flannel Board Templates 1

Templates and Take-Home Activities 53


Flannel Board Templates 2



Treasure Match Card, See Treasure Match (41) for directions



Discovery Report Write or draw about your archeological discovery (p.28):

What treasure did you find, and how would you use it? Where did this treasure come from?

Tem

plates and Take-H

ome A

ctivities 57

© PA

One B

ook Every Y

oung Child, 2010.

Please reproduce this template for the use of your educational program

.

Nature Dig Checklist (page 30)

Make a check in the box as you find each item on your dig.

Sticks

Coins

Worms

Seed pods

Shells

Arrowheads

Spiders

Leaves

Nuts

Bones

Rocks

Litter

Other Caterpillars

Moles!

�� Anything else?



This Is My Treasure:



Can you dig the tunnel to your new friend?



Tips for Family Reading at Home

1. Set aside time for reading every day. Pick a time that works best for you and your child. Many children like a story before bed, but story time can be any time of day. Some children may not want to sit still for a story, so work in a story with another routine—during bath time or snack time. But whenever you choose to read, make it a habit! 2. Choose stories that both you and your child will enjoy. Your child will probably like stories with rhymes, repeated refrains, pictures to identify, and other interactive details. But if you enjoy the story too, your enthusiasm will show, giving story time a happy energy that your child will grow to appreciate. 3. Don’t be afraid to be silly! Give characters funny voices, be melodramatic, and change the words of a familiar story to something unexpected! You don’t have to be a great actor to tell the story, but if children see you having fun with a story, they learn that stories are fun! 4. Encourage your child to participate. Let your child predict what happens next in an unfamiliar story, and tell portions of the story themselves in a familiar one. Ask your child to identify the pictures in a book or to describe what they think is happening. 5. Be a reading role model. Let your child see you pick up a book or magazine and read for your own benefit. Show your child how reading helps you find out things, like what ingredients go into dinner and what time a favorite movie is going to be on television. Model good book handling, and give books their own special places in the house.

For more ideas and information, please visit The Pennsylvania Center for the Book at

http://www.pabook.libraries.psu.edu/familylit/ and the Family Reading Partnership at

http://www.familyreading.org/

Activities by Standards

62 Activities by Standard

Pennsylvania Learning Standards for Early Childhood: Pre-Kindergarten (2007)

Key Learning Area: Approaches to Learning Standard AL 1: Initiative and Curiosity Standard AL 2: Engagement and Persistence Standard AL 3: Reasoning and Problem Solving Standard AL 4: Flexibility, Risk Taking, and Responsibility Standard AL 5: Imagination, Creativity and Invention

Tunnels (31) Treasure Hunts (39) Tunnel Maze (44)

Key Learning Area: Creative Arts Standard CA 9.1: Use a Variety of Visual Art Forms for Expression and Representation Standard CA 9.2: Express Self through Movement & Music Standard CA 3: Participate in Dramatic Play Standard CA 4: Appreciation of a Variety of Art Forms

Make-Believe Play (24) Moles (26) Treasure Chests (33) Trash Sculpture (34) Will Hillenbrand’s Art (35) Digging Dances (42) Mole Friend Dances (43) Songs and Fingerplays (45-50)

Key Learning Area: Language and Literacy Standard: Receptive Language Standard: Expressive Language Standard: Comprehension Standard: Literacy

Reading What a Treasure! (22) Retelling the Story with Felt Pieces (23) Make-Believe Play (24) Archeology (28) Mining in Pennsylvania History (29) Musical Treasure Chest (40) Songs and Fingerplays (45-50)

Activities by Standard 63

Key Learning Area: Logical Mathematics Standard LM 2.1: Numbers, Numerical Representation and Numerical Operations Standard LM 2.8: Understand Patterns, Relations and Functions Standard LM 2.9: Concepts of Space and Shape Standard LM 2.3: Measurement Concepts Standard LM 2.6: Represent and Interpret Data Standard LM 2.5: Reason, Predict and Problem Solve

Nature Dig (30) All about Tunnels (31) Will Hillenbrand’s Art (35) Treasure Hunts (39) Treasure Match (41) Mole Friend Dances (43)

Key Learning Area: Personal-Social Standard PS 3.1: Self Concept Standard PS 3.2: Self Regulation Standard PS 3:4: Self Care and Self Reliance Standard PS3.3: Social Interactions

Make-Believe Play (24) Treasure Chests (33) Digging for Door Prizes (38) Mole Friend Dances (43) Tunnel Maze (44)

Key Learning Area: Physical-Health Standard PH 10.4: Gross Motor Coordination Standard PH 10.5: Fine Motor Control Standard PH 10.1-10.3: Health and Safe Practices

Retelling the Story with Felt Pieces (23) Moles (26) Archaeology (28) Nature Digs (30) All about Tunnels (31) Treasure Chests (33) Trash Sculpture (34) Will Hillenbrand’s Art (35) Dig These Snacks (36) Digging for Door Prizes (38) Digging Dances (42) Mole Friend Dances (43) Tunnel Maze (44) Songs and Fingerplays (45-50)

64 Activities by Standard

Key Learning Area: Program Partnerships Standard PP 1: Help Parents Advance Child’s Learning Standard PP 2: Connecting Parents with Community Services Standard PP 3: Helping Parents Transition their Children Standard PP 4: Parents and Program Governance

Treasure Festival (19) Take-Home Activities (54-55, 58-59) Tips for Family Reading at Home (60)

Key Learning Area: Science Standard SC 3.2: Scientific Inquiry Standard SC 3.3 Living Things Standard SC 3.4: Physical World Standard SC 3.5: Earth and Space

Moles (26-27) Archaeology (28) Mining in Pennsylvania History (29) Nature Dig (30) All about Tunnels (31) Dig These Snacks (36) Treasure Match (41) Tunnel Maze (44)

Key Learning Area: Social Studies Standard SS 7.3: Community Standard SS 8.1: Past, Present and Future Standard SS 6.1: The Role of Consumers

Archeology (28) Mining in Pennsylvania History (29) Trash Sculpture (34)

Additional Resources

66 Additional Resources

Websites All about the Author: www.willhillenbrand.com/forteachers.html The teacher’s section of Will Hillenbrand’s website is full of ideas. Browse his site for information on his creative process, other works, and more about himself. Moles: www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/mammals/mole/Moleprintout.shtml Enchanted Learning has black-line page labeling the parts of a mole, and some general mole facts. http://pubs.cas.psu.edu/FreePubs/pdfs/uh084.pdf This fact sheet from the Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences deals primarily with pest management of moles, but begins with a lot of detailed information about the three species of mole native to Pennsylvania. Be sure to check out the summary detailing the importance of moles in the soil ecosystem. www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/Talpidae/ This page gives an overview of mole family facts, with two links in the left column that take you to more detailed information pages on two of the species of mole in Pennsylvania, the star-nosed and the eastern mole. The site is extensive, yet easy to read. Archeology: www.nps.gov/archeology/PUBLIC/kids/index.htm The national park service developed this site to explain the concept and process of archeology clearly and thoroughly to kids (and their grownups). Easy to use, it’s full of facts and activities to encourage thinking like an archeologist.

Additional Resources 67

Mining: www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/econresource/index.aspx A basic map shows the types of mining taking place across the state. This page also offers links to more detailed information. www.dep.state.pa.us/MSIHomeowners/checkrisk.html This site is meant to help homeowners check for the likelihood of mine subsidence, but you can also use the maps simply to see where mining has taken place near you. If your county is listed under part 2, “Municipality Maps,” click your county to see a map of the area, gray areas indicating places that have been mined for coal. If your county is not listed, you can use the zip code lookup feature. It will ask you to agree to a trade agreement before using the feature, but you will not need to sign up for anything before you reach the actual zip code lookup results. http://explorepahistory.com/viewLesson.php?id=90 This lesson plan for older students offers many links, data, and ideas for further study of life in Pennsylvania coal country. www.depweb.state.pa.us/noncoal/site/default.asp Coal is not the only thing mined in Pennsylvania. This site gives a rundown of the other resources available through mining and quarrying. http://patheoldminer.rootsweb.ancestry.com/ This “Virtual Museum” is a database and portal to resources about the history of mining in Pennsylvania, not only of mining itself but of its effect on everything else. http://nationalmap.gov/nmjump.html The US Geological survey has an amazing interactive map that can show many different types of maps. Choosing the various “geology” options under “Layers” will pinpoint local areas of mine activity, but unfortunately will not tell you what the symbols mean under “Legend” (though the “Land Use” options are very interesting)!

68 Additional Resources

Nonfiction: Bartoletti, Susan Campbell. Growing Up in Coal Country. Houghton Mifflin, 1996. This book is written for older children, but is full of photographs, documents, and information you can use to start discussion about the history of coal mining in Pennsylvania, particularly in how children were affected. Ditchfield, Christin. Coal. Scholastic, 2002. Part of the series True Books, this is a basic nonfiction title on the biggest mined resource in Pennsylvania. Duke, Kate. Archaeologists Dig for Clues. HarperCollins, 1997. This title in the Let’s-Read-And-Find-Out Science series covers the details of what an archeologist does from dig to lab. Edwards, Ron. Coal. Crabtree, 2004. A good overview of coal and coal mining. Hyde, Natalie. Life in a Mining Community. Crabtree, 2009. Profiles a coal-mining town in Wyoming. Jeunesse, Gallimard. Under the Ground. Scholastic, 1995. Transparent overlays illustrate this book that shows moles and the other creatures that live underground. Miller, Sara Swan. Moles and Hedgehogs: What They Have in Common. Franklin Watts, 2001. This book covers a variety of insectivores, including three species of mole. Panchyk, Richard. Archaeology for Kids: Uncovering the Mysteries of Our Past. Chicago Review Press, 2001. A good overview of archeological concepts and history, containing lots of pictures and activities for further exploration. White, John R. Hands-On Archaeology: Real-Life Activities for Kids. Prufrock Press, 2005. This book is a full-blown archaeology curriculum you can implement with groups who want to tackle this subject in-depth and long-term.

Additional Resources 69

Fiction: Bedford, David. Mole's in Love. Egmont Books, 2009. This mole is looking for a treasure, too, but he knows from the start that it’s a friend (or true love) he’s hoping to find. Unfortunately, he can’t see very well.... Bloom, Suzanne. Treasure. Boyds Mills Press, 2007. Remember Bear and Goose from 2007’s One Book, A Splendid Friend Indeed? They’re back, and this time, they’re searching for treasure. But their friendship is still the best treasure of all. Ehlert, Lois. Mole’s Hill: A Woodland Tale. Voyager Books, 1998. The other animals want Mole to move her hill, but she has a better idea: one that allows her to use her digging skills in a way that pleases everybody. Emmett, Jonathan. The Best Gift of All. Walker Books, 2008. Another mole uses his tunneling skills to connect friends, the best gift any friend could get. Hendershot, Judith. In Coal Country. Knopf, 1987. One of the few picture books that show childhood in a coal mining community at the height of its history, this book is out of print but available from nearly 400 Pennsylvania libraries. McPhail, David. Mole Music. Henry Holt, 1999. Mole plays beautiful music in his tunnel, making the tree above him grow and flourish. Scotton, Rob. Russell and the Lost Treasure. HarperCollins, 2006. Russell the sheep searches for treasure too, but it takes him a bit longer to figure out what’s so special about the junk he discovers—and he, too, concludes that friends and family are the best treasure, anyway.

Additional Articles

72 Additional Articles

Mole Shares Another Treasure Patrick McShea, Division of Public Programs, Carnegie Museum of Natural History Moles don’t care about lawns. For these tunnel-making mammals the important part of our yards is the root zone, the dark territory just below the green blades of grass we work so hard to keep tidy and trim. When a mole hunts for earthworms and other invertebrates amid this loose root-supporting soil, its tunnels appear on the surface as rounded inch-high ridges that curve and wander for dozens of feet at a stretch.

Other digging produces a far different type of surface disturbance. Moles excavate softball-sized nest chambers 16 or more inches below the surface, and during the winter months depend upon an equally deep network of tunnels for their hunting forays. Dirt displaced by the creation of these structures is pushed up vertical tunnels to the surface where it erupts into the three to five inch high piles of bare earth we know as mole hills.

Many years ago, when both types of mole evidence began to appear in the grass, clover, and plantain around my Plum Borough home, I followed the simple advice of a newspaper gardening column. “Flatten the tunnels and rake-out the hills,” the author suggested, explaining further how stepping on the tunnels puts plant roots back in contact with soil, and spreading out the dirt of a mole hill speeds-up its transformation into a grass-supporting surface.

Although both tactics worked well enough, I found myself silently cursing the unseen furry landscapers while correcting their work, particularly when, without warning, my lawnmower reduced the dry earth of a previously undetected mole hill to a cough-inducing dust cloud.

My feelings of ill will toward moles changed two years ago because of what I have come to regard as a kind of peace offering. One spring morning, as I used my right foot to spread flat the damp soil of a fresh mole hill, a sliver of pale gray flashed briefly in the otherwise peanut butter-colored pile. Bending down to investigate, I found an irregularly-shaped, quarter-sized piece of chert that a quick spit wash and pants wipe revealed to be the lower portion of an arrowhead.

The broken artifact was certainly an unintentional gift, mere tunnel debris to be pushed skyward and cleared by the shovel-like front paws and sharply pointed nose of the creature, who last encountered it. For me, however, the tool fragment has become a magical kind of time capsule, holding without revealing the mystery of its ancient creator, as well as the day to day history of its use and eventual breakage.

Since that morning I’ve looked patiently but without success for the arrowhead’s other half in every mole hill I’ve smoothed out. I’ve also spent a lot of time wondering about what the arrowhead maker called the unusual mammal whose tunnel making is the basis for our acquaintance.

Patrick McShea, November 17, 2009

Additional Articles 73

Won’t You Come Over to My House? Dr. Ernie Dettore

After reading Jane and Will Hillenbrand’s wonderful book What a Treasure!, I began contemplating the deeper meaning of friendship. Moreover, I began thinking about the influence that significant adult-child friendships, both parental and non-parental, could have on a child’s overall development. Research already tells us that a child's ability to form positive relationships with peers and adults represents an important component of social development. But, what exactly is friendship and what exactly are its components? With some help from Webster, I found that friendship is the cooperative and supportive relationship between two or more people. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, affection, and respect along with a degree of helping a friend when in need. Friends will welcome each other's company and exhibit loyalty towards each other, often to the point of altruism. Their tastes will usually be similar and may converge, and they will share enjoyable activities. They will also engage in mutually helping behavior, such as the exchange of advice and the sharing of problems. Recently, my grandson Marino, called to inform me that “Today was his animals’ birthdays.” When asked how old they were, he responded “6.” (By the time I would later join him, they were “4.”) He went on to say that he was going to have a party for them and wanted me to join him. I brought over some play dough to suggest his making a cake for the birthday guests. From there Marino’s little creative mind just took flight! He said he would make a birthday cake for every animal and that they should be a certain size and shape. Knowing he has close to a hundred animal figures, he asked for my assistance. As we made the “cakes”, he said he would make an animal’s footprint in each one, so that each animal would know which cake was for that animal. He then rolled the dough into a candle shape and “instructed” me to help make a candle for each cake. As the cake making activity rolled out, Marino began sorting the animals by type: jungle, farm and dinosaurs. Later he sub-classified them by putting baby animals next to their parents. The activity ended in our singing “Happy Birthday” and deciding to leave the party scene up for the whole day. This activity took us well over 2 hours and was probably the most relaxing and comfortable time I’ve had in a long time. Like young Mole in the Hillenbrand’s book, Marino is just like any young child—he needs and wants a friend to keep and to join in his play. When Marino got the play dough, it was time to make some cakes. His parents and siblings were all-encouraging. Just like young Mole digs away, Marino “molds” away to create and value each animal’s cake, painstakingly making each animal’s footprint impression into important figures of art. "Keep working, Poppa, we need cakes for all of these animals. I’ll get some more animals from my collection!” He exclaims. Just like the refrain of "Oh, what a treasure!" in the book, Marino is able to show his delight when each footprint is completed. Just like young Mole, Marino (and I) enjoyed an experience that can only be shared by two friends. Anais Nin wrote "Each friend represents a world in us, a world possibly not born

74 Additional Articles

until they arrive, and it is only by this meeting that a new world is born.” For all who have or all who do not have a very close friend, keep on “digging.”

Index Additional Articles, 70-74 Activities

As an Activity Station, 18 As a Single Story Time, 16 As a Treasure Festival, 19 As a Themed Series, 17 by Age Group, list, 13 by Standards, 61 Creative Arts, 32-36 Fitting to Suit Your Needs, 13-19 Games and Movement, 37-44 Reading the Book, 21-24 Real World Explorations, 25-31 Songs and Fingerplays, 45-50

All about Tunnels, 31 Archaeology, 28, 56, 66 Books

Fiction Books, 69 Nonfiction Books, 26, 28, 29, 68

Dig These Snacks Bird’s Nest, 36 Dirt Pudding, 36

Digging Dances, 42 Digging for Door Prizes, 38 Discovery Report Template, 56 Flannel Board Templates, 52-53

Hillenbrand, Jane and Will Biographies, 7-8 Bibliography, 9

Make-Believe Play, 24 Mazes, 44, 59 Mining in Pennsylvania History, 29 Mole Facts, 27 Mole Friend Dances, 43 Moles, 26 Musical Treasure Chest, 40 Nature Dig, 30 Nature Dig Checklist Template, 57 Reading What a Treasure!, 22 Retelling the Story with Felt Pieces, 23 Tips for Family Reading at Home, 60 Trash Sculpture, 34 Traveling Trunk, 15 Treasure Chest, 33 Treasure Festival, 19 Treasure Match, 41 Treasure Match Card Template, 54-55 This is My Treasure Template, 58 Tunnel Maze, 44 Treasure Hunts, 39 Websites, 29, 35, 66-67 Will Hillenbrand’s Art, 35

This manual has been produced by the Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh

Lois Winslow, Project Manager Tara Primiero, Editor

Amy Weir, Writer and Developer Guy Ambrosino, Photographer

Special thanks to:

Yvonne Atkinson, Child Development Specialist, Children’s Museum of Pittsburgh Georgene DeFilippo and Leticia Winko of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

Patti Bartolli, Candace Barron, and their pre-K classes, Pittsburgh Public Schools

Trunk developed by Dallas McWilliams and Tina Riviello, Please Touch Museum

welcome to what a treasure!...welcome to what a treasure! the fifth annual “one book, every young...

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