Health/WELLNESSCh. 1APPH 1040The Scientific Foundations of Health

In 1900, infectious diseases such as pneumonia andtuberculosis were responsible for most deaths.T/F

2. The leading cause of death among Americans age15-25 is ________________.

3. If you have a family history of heart disease or cancer, you are destined to develop the same no matter what you do. T / F

4. Which lifestyle factor is the leading preventable cause of death for Americans?a. alcohol abuseb. cigarette smokingc. poor dietary habits d. lack of exercise

What is Health????

What is Health? World Health Organization (WHO)Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Treatment model freedom from illnessWellness model striving for high quality life

HEALTH/ WELLNESS What is it?A comprehensive concept thathealth is dynamicand is geared toward optimal well being.

Acknowledges impact several factors: genetics, social factors, LIFESTYLEFocuses on preventionEmphasizes personal responsibilityIncludes caring for self as health issues arise

What impacts our health??

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

CDC estimates that... 50% disease and premature death (< 65 years of age) due to unhealthy lifestyle.

80% deaths before age 65 preventable

(CDC)

Lifestyle: your behavior choiceseating exerciseresponse to stressorsfriendships attitude smokingsleepingdriving

Trends in healthLife Expectancy 2011 USA 78.7 years (CDC)

Leading causes of death 2013-- USAHeart disease: 611,105Cancer: 584,881Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 149,205Accidents (unintentional injuries): 130,557Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 128,978Alzheimer's disease: 84,767Diabetes: 75,578Influenza and Pneumonia: 56,979Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis: 47,112Intentional self-harm (suicide): 41,149

Three Leading Causes of Death in the U.S.1900 Infectious diseasesPneumonia & influenza (flu)Tuberculosis (TB)Diarrhea, enteritis

2012Heart DiseaseCancerLower Respiratory disease

All are lifestyle relatedChronic diseases

Chronic diseases are prolonged do not resolve spontaneously are rarely cured completely are significant burden in morbidity,mortality, cost

Examples -- atherosclerosis, hypertension, cancers, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, kidney disease

Leading causes of death in US1. heart disease2. cancer3. lower respiratory disease 4 Lifestyle factors that play a part in each.Tobacco DietExerciseAlcohol

Smoking causes more total deaths/year than any other cause 440,000 deaths/year

CDC

Leading causes of death in college-age people (ages 15-24) AccidentsWhat personal choices could contribute to unintentional injuries?

Why Health, Why Now?Choosing healthy behaviors now will provide immediate benefits

AND

help bring long-term rewards.

Now is a great time to develop good health behaviors.

The Six/Seven Dimensions of Wellness

Physical wellnessEmotional wellnessSpiritual wellnessSocial wellnessIntellectual wellnessEnvironmental wellness

Occupational wellnessCombination and balance of: +occupational

Components of WellnessPhysical HealthProper nutrition, exercise, performing self-exams, practicing personal safety, sleeping, smoking, etcEmotional Health Control emotions, self-esteem, and the ability to cope with stress, adjust to changeIntellectual HealthKeeping your mind active through life-long learning, seek new challenges, think critically, reason objectivelySpiritual HealthHaving a sense of lifes meaning, purpose, value; may/may not include organized religion, respect for all living things

Components of Wellness cont.Social HealthDeveloping and maintaining meaningful interpersonal relationships, communication skills, participation in your community Environmental HealthProtecting yourself from environmental hazards AND understanding how your behaviors that have an effect on the environment: being good steward of our earth, behaving in way that safeguards natural resourcesOccupational HealthJob provides gratification and satisfactionYou are contributing your unique skills, talents, knowledge

The dimensions are interrelatedLow Level Presence of Change & High Levelof Wellness Disease Symptoms Growth of WellnessPersons who are chronically pessimistic, angry, anxious, depressed, inactive, isolated are clearly more susceptible to illness.

Holistic Approach Looking at the individual as a whole, ratherthan part by part.

The body has a head, and the head has a body. (Gustav Eckstein)

Quality of Life: an overall sense of well-being and enjoyment of life

Health LiteracyThe ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate informed health decisions.

Sources of health informationLook for websites that Are not selling products Provide well-referenced informationHON affiliatedHealth on the Net Foundationwww.webmd.comGood practice to check several sites

NIH How to evaluate health information from the internet https://nccih.nih.gov/health/webresources

Government siteswww.cdc.gov Health topics A-Zhttp://nih.gov http://healthfinder.gov www.healthypeople.gov Medical facility siteswww.mayohealth.orgEducationwww.health.harvard.edu

Excellent references/websites at end of chapters

Concept of RiskSimply put: the chance that something bad will happen if you engage in a specific behavior.Risk factor: a variable associated with an increase riskEx: Smoking increase ones risk of developing heart disease

Epidemiology: The scientific discipline of studying the occurrence, distribution, control and prevention of disease in a populationCannot prove cause & effect

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Absolute vs. Relative risk

Relative risk: times greater chance of something bad happening among people who have a specific behavior or characteristic vs. those who dont.Absolute risk: number of people who develop a problem in a group of specified sizeExample: 5 year period, risk for blindness in diabetics treated conventionally is 2 in 100 (2%), 1 in 100 (1%) treated aggressively Relative risk is 50% Absolute risk is 1% vs 2%

Additional Reading Assignment: see T-Sq/Resources/Additional Reading/Understanding Riskor link:http://www.nia.nih.gov/health/publication/understanding-risk

2012 3.2 deaths/100,000 general workforce12.3 deaths/100,000 workers in mining, quarrying, oil and gas extraction workers Determine absolute risk of dying in a work-related injury for each group

Determine relative risk for workers in resource extraction jobs Now you try

Healthy People Initiative

National health-related goals & objectivesset, evaluated and revised every 10 years.Original: Healthy People 1990Current: Healthy People 2020http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/default.aspx

IDs most significant preventable threats to public health & sets specific goals to reduce the threat to prevent disease and promote health.

Health promotion and disease preventive agenda for the nation a public health initiative

Healthy People 2020Primary Goals: Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages.

http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/default.aspxhttp://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/DOHAbout.aspx

Healthy People 2020 Health Determinants

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

SO, whats going on at GT??APPHHealth (APPH 1040) Physical Activity and Health (APPH 1050)GT 1000Campus ServicesCRC & Aquatic Center-- excellent facility opportunities for many activitiesRecreation: Sports clubs, intramurals, personal training, GITFITORGT: Outdoor Recreation Ga Tech http://www.crc.gatech.edu

GT resources (continued)Student Health Centerwww.health.gatech.eduWellness Center 2nd floor Student Health Center Clubs & organizationsNon-credit classeswww.studentcenter.gatech.edu Counseling Center www.counseling.gatech.edu Campus ministriesCombining the supporthttp://www.news.gatech.edu/features/commencement-wishes

SO, whats going on at GT??Sierra Club's greenest campuses listGreen campuses matter because students are likely to continue environmental lifestyle after graduation

http://www.universitybusiness.com/article/uconn-ranks-first-sierra-clubs-greenest-campuses-list http://vault.sierraclub.org/sierra/201209/coolschools/pdfs/georgia-institute-of-technology-ga.pdf

Bottom lineLong term quality of life is related to wise choices initiated NOW and continued throughout life.

Dont wait until you turn 30, 40 or 50!http://www.wimp.com/kookaburralaughs/

In 1900, infectious diseases such as pneumonia andtuberculosis were responsible for most deaths.T/F2. The leading cause of death among Americans age15-25 is __accidents__.

3. If you have a family history of heart disease or cancer, there is not much you can do to reduce your risk of developing either. T / F

4. Which lifestyle factor is the leading preventable cause of death for Americans?a. alcohol abuseb. cigarette smokingc. poor dietary habits and d. lack of exercise

****Source on Life expectancy:: U..S. Census Bureau -- http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/tables/07s0100.xls*Ask students to consider what healthy behaviors they currently employ and why they have them. Try to get students to focus on the fact that behaviors are maintained when they provide immediate pleasure or anticipated reward.

Ask students to think about how old they would like to be when they die. Most will not provide an immediate age but will rather focus on the personal conditions they want to have, and if they don't have them, they may consider death a better alternative. You will hear things like, "I want to be alive as long as I can"

From this, move from the thought process into the long-term rewards of healthy behaviors.**Physical Wellness - Physical wellness requires eating well, exercising, avoiding harmful habits, making responsible decisions about sex, learning about and recognizing disease, getting regular medical and dental checkups, and taking steps to prevent injuries. Emotional Wellness - Emotional wellness includes optimism, trust, self-esteem, self-acceptance, self-confidence, self-control, satisfying relationships, and the ability to share feelings.Intellectual Wellness - Intellectual wellness requires an active mind, an openness to new ideas, a capacity to question and think critically, and the motivation to master new skills, as well as a sense of humor, creativity, and curiosity.Spiritual Wellness - Spiritual wellness involves a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life. It includes the capacity for love, compassion, forgiveness, altruism, joy, and fulfillment.Social Wellness - Interpersonal and social wellness is based on the recognition that satisfying relationships are basic to both physical and emotional health and that they require communication skills, the capacity for intimacy, and the cultivation of a support network.Environmental Wellness - Environmental, or planetary, wellness reflects the fact that personal health depends on the health of the planet. Environmental wellness also requires learning about and protecting yourself against environmental hazards.

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