we’re comparing mitosis from chapter 8 to meiosis from chapter 10
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We’re Comparing Mitosis from Chapter 8 to Meiosis from Chapter 10. The Human Life Cycle. FROM MOM. FROM DAD. Mitosis Review. ** Mitosis is asexual reproduction & occurs ONLY in regular old body cells called SOMATIC CELLS (skin, nails, your pancreas, etc..) NOT sperm and eggs . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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FROM MOM
FROM DAD
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** Mitosis is asexual reproduction & occurs ONLY in regular old body cells called SOMATIC CELLS (skin, nails, your pancreas, etc..) NOT sperm and eggs
** These cells contain autosomal chromosomes that are non-sex chromosomes
** 22 from Mom autosomal chromosomes from mom and 22 from dad
Diploid (2n) number of chromosomes you have 44 or 22 pair of autosomal chromosomes (2n=44)
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**Haploid means 1 (n). You receive a haploid number of chromosomes from mom and a haploid number from Dad that makes YOU diploid!! (
**46 in all; 22 autosomal, an X from mom and an X or Y from dad
**SO there are half as many chromosomes in gametes (sperm and eggs)
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Replicates
Same types if genes on each chromosome, just different variations from each parent
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Required for Sexual Reproduction
**Diploid to haploid cells
**Genetic Recombination Occurs
**Results in 4 NON-IDENTICAL haploid (n) cells
Either sperm or egg
**Produces gametes in the ovaries (females) and testes (male)
Similar to Mitosis but there are two sets of phases and the end result are haploid cells (gametes)
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From Dad From Mom
They Replicate Prior to Meiosis to form a tedtrad………
A Tetrad of Homologous Chromosomes
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Four Haploid gametes are produced!!
Look On Page 264 #1-4
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**Meiosis II Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II and cytokinesis
**4 cells, the gametes!!
**Meiosis I Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, telophase I and cytokenisis.
**2 cells
**After interphase (DNA replication phase)
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**independent segregation of homologous chromosomes
** A reassortment of chromosomes and genetic information they carry
**crossing over between non-sister chromatids during Prophase 1
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**Non-sister chromatids exchange
genetic information
**Pink is from your mom, blue
from your dad
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**Nondisjunction BOTH chromosomes of a homologous pair (tetrad) fail to separate and move to the same pole of the cell.
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**Occur in all living organisms, but they are especially common in plants.
**Few harmful gene mutations are passed on to the next generation because the zygote usually dies. If it lives, the offspring may have birth defects.
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Deletion
A B C D E F G H A B C E F G H
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**When part of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid
Insertion
A B C D E F G H A B C B C D E F G H
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**When part of a chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards onto the same chromosome
Inversion
A B C D E F G H A D C B E F G H
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**When part of one chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome, a translocation occurs.
A B E FDCBX AWC HGGE HD F
W X Y Z Y Z
Translocation
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**Cut them out and paste them in the correct order !!!
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Mitosis•Occurs in 1 stage
• It is Asexual Reproduction
• Produces “clones” with no genetic variability
• Occurs in body cells (autosomal) and creates two diploid cells
• 2n=46 22 pair of autosomal chromosomes and 1 pair sex chromosomes
Meiosis •Occurs in 2 stages
• For Sexual Reproduction
• Produces genetically variability due to recombination
• Occurs in sex cells called gametes or germ cells and four haploid cells (sperm and egg)
• n=23 22 autosomal chromosomes and 1 sex chromosome
•Forms a tetrad
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MitosisMeiosis
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