west seattle petroglyphs

FEBRUARY FEBRUARY FEBRUARY FEBRUARY 2011201120112011

Birthstone:Birthstone:Birthstone:Birthstone:

AMETHYSTAMETHYSTAMETHYSTAMETHYST

WEST SEATTLE PETROGLYPHS

Mike Wall, Editor P.O. Box 16145 Seattle, WA 98116

email: [email protected]

Monthly Bulletin of the West Seattle Rock Club, Inc.

Seattle, Washington

Our Club: Practices the Rockhound Code of Ethics

*** Website ***

http://www.westseattlerockclub.org

February 2011 West Seattle Petroglyphs

Volume 46, Number 2

WEST SEATTLE ROCK CLUB, INC. Mailing Address: P.O. BOX 16145, Seattle, WA 98116

The purpose of this Club is to promote the study and enjoyment of the Lapidary Arts with good Rock-hounding and good fellowship; and to further education and lapidary skills for all; to conduct field trips for exploration and collection of minerals, gems, rocks and fossils; to promote shows and displays; to publish a monthly periodical known as West Seattle PETROGLYPHS relating to club activities.

COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSONS (2011):

2010 Show Chairpersons Programs Refreshments/Hospitality Historian Field Trips

Webmaster

AFFILIATED WITH:

Northwest Federation & American Federation of Mineralogical Societies Seattle Regional Gem and Mineral Show Committee

Washington State Mineral Council ALAA – American Lands Access Association

Meetings are held on the Fourth Wednesday of each month,

except for November which is the THIRD Wednesday and no meetings in July and December The meetings are held in Adams Hall of the Tibbetts United Methodist Church

3940 41st S.W. (corner of 41st S.W. and S.W. Andover Street) Seattle, WA 6:30 PM – Junior Meeting 7:00 PM – Adult Meeting

Dues are: $20.00 first year (including name badge), then: $10.00 per adult member per year or $15.00 for 2 adults in same family, $3.00 per junior member per year

VISITORS ARE INVITED AND ARE ALWAYS WELCOME TO ALL MEETINGS

All material in this Bulletin may be reprinted if properly credited - Exchange Bulletins are most welcome.

****************************************************************************************

OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS (2011):

President Vice President Secretary Treasurer Federation Director Director at Large Mineral Council Reps Seattle Regional Reps Newsletter - Editor Current Past President

****************************************************************************************

****************************************************************************************

Lyle Vogelpohl Isabella Francisco

Diane Christensen

Audrey Vogelpohl Audrey Vogelpohl Ken Schmidt Brian Waters Lyle Vogelpohl Mike Wall Ken Schmidt

(206) 932-3292 (206) 938-0809

(206) 938-0790 (206) 932-3292 (206) 932-3292 (206) 932-3626 (206) 774-8565 (206) 932-3292 (206) 935-4953 (206) 932-3626

Lyle Vogelpohl Audrey Vogelpohl

<Vice President>

Janet Francisco

<Open>

Brian Waters Donn Ullery

(206) 932-3292 (206) 932-3292

<Vice President>

(206) 938-0809

<Open>

(206) 774-8565 (206) 633-0721


****************************************************************************************

CLUB CALENDAR

February 23, 2011

Kid’s Meeting (6:30 pm)

Program: Displaying Your Rocks

General Meeting (7:00 pm)

Program: Rock Tumbling – by Ken Schmidt

Show & Tell: Hearts and/or February Birthstone-Amethyst

Valentines, Hearts and Flowers -- first thoughts about February. I enjoy February ... time to work on those rocks we brought home from field trips last year, time to attend other club shows, and time to start planning activities for our show.

There will be available sign-up sheets at the Febru-ary meeting for the many tasks that are needed to make our show a success. Our show is now a little over 60 days away. At this meeting there will be sign-up sheets ... for helping to set up the show in the morning and the afternoon of Friday, April 29th; a sign-up sheet for Friday night's pot-luck dinner; a sign-up sheet for the host table at the entrance door (to give out the door prize tickets); sign-up sheets for the silent auction, the spinning wheel, gem tree making and grab bag areas; and certainly the most important one, a sheet for those who are going to put in a display case(s) for our show.

Our March program will be on how to (or how not to) set-up a display case. At that time bring your questions about displaying, and we will try to an-swer them. The club rents cases for our displayers, so you do not need to have your own case. Al-though, we do have plans available for building your own case.

Please consider participating wherever you can.

Lyle Vogelpohl, President

PRESIDENT’S

MESSAGE

FEBRUARY 2011

WHAT’S INSIDE

Club Calendar 3

President’s Message 3

1020 Refreshments 3

What’s Inside 3

February’s Program 3

January General Meeting Minutes 4

February – Junior Program 5

Gem of the Month – February 6

Tree Agate 6

Mineral Myths and Meanings 7

Growth Oddities 8

Wire Wrapping Classes 9

Shop Tips 9

Dues are Due 9

Field Trips 10

Rock Shows 10


2010 REFRESHMENTS

Please take note if you next on the list. THANKS to everyone who has already brought goodies!

February Heather & Kyle Kennedy March Janet & Isabella Francisco April Bo & Merryl Jeffers May Levi, Laila & Angie Erdman June Hichens Family July (Summer Picnic) August Christensen Clan September Clarence Higuera October Michael & Lucie O’Clair November Gina & Miles Durnwirth December (Christmas Party)

FEBRUARY’S PROGRAM

Most of us start our association with the rock-hounding hobby with tumbling the rocks gathered on field trips or at the beach. This month we turn to our master tumbler, Ken Schmidt, to talk about types of tumblers, processing problems we encounter using our equipment, and how to get consistent results. Bring your questions and we will try to find answers.

WEST SEATTLE ROCK CLUB – GENERAL MEETING MINUTES January 26, 2011

Business:

• The meeting was brought to order at 7:07 pm by club President Ken Schmidt.

• There were 21 adult members, 14 junior members and 5 guests present.

• Janet Francisco won the adult member prize, Lucie O’Clair won the junior member prize and Mrs. O’Clair

won the guest prize.

• The nominating committee (the last 3 active Presidents), made recommendations for the upcoming officers.

The recommendations were: Lyle Vogelpohl for President / Isabella Francisco for Vice-President/ Diane Christensen – Secretary / Audrey Vogelpohl – Treasurer / Federation Director – Audrey Vogelpohl / Direc-tor at Large – Ken Schmidt / Mineral Council Rep. – Brian Waters (there can be one more member on the Mineral Council as well)/ Seattle Reg. Rep- Lyle Vogelpohl / Newsletter-Editor – Mike Wall / Past Presi-dent – Ken Schmidt.

• The new officers were accepted as presented.

• Audrey Vogelpohl introduced past Presidents which included Ron Nims, Ken Schmidt, Lyle Vogelpohl and

herself. This is the West Seattle Rock Club’s 46th birthday and now we starting our 47th year.

• The WSRC received a letter from Lafayette Elementary School thanking the club for their donations of

food. (The food was collected at the Christmas party and was donated to the food bank).

• A sign-in sheet was passed around so members could pick a month to bring refreshments to future meetings.

The list will be printed in the Petroglyphs newsletter each month.

• President Lyle asked if there were any changes to the November 2010 minutes. There were no changes, so

the minutes were approved as printed.

• Audrey gave the Treasurer’s report. There is $1, 5556.40 in the bank. The WSRC Membership is now due.

• Vice President Bella Francisco asked for any suggestions for future programs or for the show and tell por-

tion of the meeting.

• Mike Wall is looking for articles to put in the newsletter.

• Brian Waters gave the Mineral Council report. There are several field trips planned. Information is on the

Mineral Council’s website and in the Petroglyphs. Brian also discussed raising the Mineral Council dues and possibly paying for port-a-potty’s while on field trips.

• The Club’s show is on Saturday, April 30th and Sunday, May 1st , from 10 am to 5 pm. Lyle is looking for

volunteers. There will be a sign up sheet at the February meeting. Volunteers are needed for set up on Fri-day, as well as working the reception desk, sewing grab bags, tumbling rocks, the potluck on Friday, auction material, door prizes, table arrangements and Junior activities coordinator. Mark Hichens will be the public chairman for the club again this year. Ron Nims also volunteered to help Mark.

• Other shows in the area include: Everett show February 26th and 27th / WPMA (gold show) February 26th

and 27th (Note: there is also a swap meet across the street from the WPMA show).

• Audrey and Lyle attend the NW Federation Rockhound Retreat in Oregon. This workshop is limited to 50

people, and is for 5 days. If interested, please contact Audrey or Lyle.

(Continued on page 5)


(Continued from page 4)

• Lyle also reported that the NW Federation Rockhounds need to pass a resolution from the WSRC to es-

tablish the retreat to be listed as a free-standing committee. A nomination was made to pass this resolu-tion; it was passed by the members.

• Lyle said that Steve and Edna Nelson of Oregon do wire wrapping and cabochon making. They are avail-

able on a Friday night or Saturday morning. Contact Lyle if interested.

Show and Tell:

• Molly Hatfield showed a rock she got from her grandmother’s beach.

• Janet Francisco brought several rocks that reminded her of winter.

• Kyle and Heather Kennedy brought some celentinlight and two crystals on a lighted stand.

• Oz and Mark Hichens showed two geodes that were opened via a wood chisel and could be put back to-

gether like a puzzle, and geode that was not opened.

• Marshall Hatfield brought a rock that looked like an icicle.

• Lucie O’Clair brought some snowflake obsidian.

• Mike Blanton brought a rock crusher and an aluminum oxide wheel.

• Miles (Bob) Durnwirth brought some snowflake obsidian and a slivered rock that looked like a frozen

lake.

• Levi Erdman also brought some snowflake obsidian that reminded him of winter.

• Lailah Erdman brought blue quartz with moss growing in the cracks.

• Ken Schmidt brought some tumbled material. He is currently out of the small stuff and anyone willing to

tumble rocks for the show can get free grit.

• Kyle Kennedy won the show and tell prize.

Program:

Lyle Vogelpohl and Ken Schmidt talked about the flat laps. These are vibrating machines that polish slabs of rocks. You may need to weight down the rocks when polishing them to get an even surface. The flat laps are useful when you have large and/or odd shaped rocks. It is messy, so you will need to protect the area where you are polishing.

Submitted by Diane Christensen, WSRC Secretary


FEBRUARY – JUNIOR PROGRAM JUNIORS .... we will be learning about displaying and participating in competition at our upcoming show on April 30 and May 1. Guidelines will be handed out for displaying material that you have col-lected, whether self collected or purchased from com-

mercial dealers. Any Junior can participate. The competition guidelines are designed with display cate-

gories and age grouping. Displays must be a Junior's own work and effort, with coaching from a parent, guardian, or sponsor. Rules of participation for Jun-iors are kept simple. Ribbons and certificates will be awarded.

Reminder: The JUNIORS' MEETING starts at

6:30 ... if you are late you miss out.

Audrey Vogelpohl, Jr Advisor


GEM OF THE MONTH – FEBRUARY

Modern Birthstone: Amethyst

Mystical Birthstone: Bloodstone

Traditional Birthstone: Amethyst

Hindu/Indian Astrology: Amethyst

The violet, purple to al-most pink variety of quartz is called amethyst, an an-cient name derived from the Greek amethystos, meaning “not drunken,” as it was believed to protect those who wore it from drunkenness. It is the most

highly prized variety of quartz.

Appearance: The typical color is a rich, violet-purple, often distributed in patches or bands. It can also be quite pale, but is generally the same basic color, without any over-tones. It is given both oval and drop mixed cuts, step cuts, and other types of cuts used for colored stones. Specimens of good color but with too many inclusions are cut en cabochon. Stones of 10 or so carats in weight are often found and even larger ones are not rare. Amethyst normally has good luster and transpar-ency. Well-formed, characteristically colored groups of crystals (geodes and druses) are even used in their natural state as ornaments.

Distinctive features: The distribution of the color, in striking patches and bands, is characteristic. When the stones contain inclusions, a series of discontinuous, wavy parallel lines, visible with a lens, indicates that they are certainly amethyst. As with nearly all quartzes, the interference fig-ure has a distinctive profile, which usually makes identifi-cation immediate. Quartz may resemble some violet synthetic corundum, but the latter turns reddish in strong artificial light or full sunlight. Amethyst can also look vaguely similar to violet cordierite, which also has a strong, distinctive pleochroism. The much rarer violet scapolite may look quite similar, and its physical char-acteristics are almost the same as those of quartz. Therefore they can only be distinguished by an expert.

Occurrence: The finest amethysts come (in great

quantities) from Brazil and neigh-boring Uruguay, from the United States, Madagascar, and the Soviet Union, India, Australia, South Af-rica, and many other countries.

Value: A few centuries ago, deep-colored amethyst was highly prized. Its value fell greatly with the dis-covery of the large Brazilian and Uruguayan deposits at the end of the nineteenth century. Now relegated to the status of a secondary gem, its value is quite low.

Simulants and synthetics: Amethyst was much imi-tated by colored glass in the past, when it was more costly. Nowadays, despite the limited value of the natural stone, fair quantities of synthetic amethyst are produced, using the knowl-edge acquired in the produc-tion of synthetic quartz for technological purposes. The cost of the synthetic product is not much less than that of the natural gemstone. (via Golden Spike News, 2/2011)

TREE AGATE

Tree Agate is the common name for June‘s Rock of the Month, Dendritic Agate. It is much like last month‘s moss agate, but the quartz is typically whiter. Dendritic (Greek, for tree-like) agate is a colorless or whitish-grey chalcedony. Its green chlorite markings resemble the branches of a tree or fern. In Bill Steven-son‘s presentation, he noted that it can also have some red, and he would have called it algae agate….

www.therockshed.com

Bill had purchased samples at the Everett‘s club sale,




which appeared bluish with dendrites. He also had Madras and Prineville sample variations, from his re-cent dig in Oregon. His samples were a result of working with a 12” saw, 5 tumblers, and a high-speed sander and polisher from Richardsons’ Ranch. Extra time is needed on the diamond apparatus when work-ing with this stone. Rick Olson (from the Issaquah club) suggests slicing the material thin. The rock holds up in the tumblers rather well, and a thin cut shows the dendrites best, plus the stone‘s translucence is displayed. With thicker cuts, the dendrites become less distinguish-able. There may be practical commercial uses, as it is some much more stable than other agates. India Tree Agate is mined in the state of Gujarat (north of Bombay.) This location has been mining agates since 77 AD. It is on the north-western, desert like area of India. As Indian stones formerly came through the Arabian harbor of Mocha, this particular material has also been called mocha stone. For local buying, Bill suggests that the best place to obtain Tree Agate is directly from Judy Elkins, who charges $1/lb for older specimens. He priced the four large bins at Richardsons‘ Ranch at $4/lb, and $3/lb on the inter-net. But these days, 50% of the cost is sure to be in the shipping… Tree Agate is pretty and green, and it reminds you of being out in the forest. Its spiritual aspects are: gar-den, appetite, etc. It is a hard material and takes a high glass polish. In tumblers, it will not chip and crack while tumbling. It makes eye-catching jewelry. Prod-ucts directly from India include octagonal pendants, thin bowls, and beads.

Faceted Tree Agate Flat Tumbles www.exoticindiaart.com

(via Maplewood News, 7/08)

MINERAL MYTHS AND MEANINGS

(AND A LITTLE SCIENCE)

From Dave Wester

Throughout the ages, man has held a deeper belief of

gems and minerals, considering them to bring luck or

associating them with health or life facts. When you

think about it, there’s probably a grain of truth to

some of these myths because minerals, gems, and

rocks are made up of the same compositions as the

human body. If you’ve taken a chemistry class you’ll

know this to be true. This column presents a gem or

mineral myth (or meaning) each month so that you

can become better acquainted with some of the more

diverse properties of those rocks we love to collect.

This month we talk about a mineral that’s been in the

news of late due to its high value...Gold.

GOLD

Gold, like no other metal, has a fascinating history and a special place in the world. For thou-sands of years it has been used as an ornament of kings, a cur-rency and standard for global currencies, and, more recently, in a wide range of electronic devices and medical ap-plications.

Gold’s many unique properties have secured it a central role in history and human development. Gold is a remarkable, rare metal, with an unparalleled combination of chemical and physical proper-ties. It is the only yellow metal and bears its name from the Old Eng-lish word for yellow, ‘geolu’. It is

also the only metal that forms no oxide film on its sur-face in air at normal temperatures, meaning that it will never rust or tarnish.

Gold’s chemical symbol, Au, comes from the Latin word for gold, aurum. In the Periodic Table of Ele-ments, gold is classified as a transitional metal.

The native metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, in veins, and in alluvial deposits. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, usually with tellurium. Gold metal is dense, soft, shiny, and the most malleable and ductile pure metal known. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxi-




dizing in air or water. High quality pure metallic gold is tasteless and scentless in keeping with its resistance to corrosion. (It is metal ions which confer taste to metals.) In addition, gold is very dense, a cubic meter weighing 19,300 kg. By comparison, the density of lead is 11,340 kg/m3, and that of the densest element, osmium, is 22,610 kg/m3. This is one of the reasons why placer (free) gold can be found by panning and using its heavy specific gravity and a vortex motion in the pan to separate it from other material.

A total of 165,000 tons of gold have been mined in human history as of 2009. This is roughly equivalent to 5.3 billion troy ounces or, in terms of volume, about 8,500 m³, or a cube 20.4 m on a side. The world consumption of new gold produced is about 50% in jewelry, 40% in in-vestments, and 10% in industry. Gold standards have provided a basis for monetary policies.

Historically, gold ornaments of great variety and elaborate workmanship have been dis-covered on sites belonging to the earliest known civilizations, Minoan, Egyptian, Assy-rian, and Etruscan. In ancient literature, gold is the universal symbol of the highest pu-rity and value (cf. Passages in the Old Testament, e.g. Ps. xix. 10 “More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold”).

From a mythical perspective, gold is believed to be purifying, healing, balancing, and symbolic of masculine en-ergy. Additionally, gold symbolizes wealth used wisely, but it is also the symbol of good health. Gold is inti-mately linked with Divinity and those gods associated with the Sun. It symbolizes wealth and success. Thought to have healing properties, especially for sore eyes and stys, which should be rubbed with a wedding ring (the only gold object most families were likely to possess). Ancient sailors wore gold earrings as a means of carrying funds for their burial in case they drowned and washed ashore

(via Rocky Trails 2/2011)

GROWTH ODDITIES

Growing crystals are extremely sensitive to even minor changes in their environment. A misplaced atom—or a slight change in temperature, pressure, composition, or impurities—can produce strange and wonderful crystals.

Overgrowths: Crystals Atop Crystals Sometimes crystals of one mineral grow on top of crystals of a different mineral, producing an overgrowth. In most cases, you can still see the shapes of the crystals that were overgrown, even though they may have been completely covered or dissolved.

Inclusions: Crystals within Crystals Look closely for smaller pyrite crystals—or inclusions—inside the quartz crystal. How did they get there? In most cases, the inclusions formed first. The larger crystals grew around them later. Inclusions can also grow within a cooling crystal when some of its atoms separate to form a new mineral. Scientists analyze inclusions, most of which are microscopic, for clues to a crystal's growth history. Their presence also helps distinguish natural from synthetic gemstones.

Pseudomorphs: Shapes That Deceive A change in chemistry of a mineral's environment can trigger a chemical reaction, replacing that mineral with another, atom by atom. If the new mineral retains the crystal shape of the original, the specimen is called a pseudomorph—meaning "false form." Did you notice that the blue azu-rite crystal is slowly turning green? Azurite can react with water in the air or chemicals to be-come green malachite. After the transformation is complete, the crystal will be that of malachite, but in the crystal form of azurite.


SHOP TIPS

Editor’s Note: Shop tips featured in this bulletin have not been evaluated for safety or reliability. Please use caution when trying out any new idea.

——————————————–

Rock Bags

To make a good rock bag, take a pair of old jeans. Cut off one of the legs (about 24” is a good length) and sew one end closed. Of course, you can cut off more or less, depending on how much you think you can carry. Put in a draw string.

(via Carny Hound, 5/10; via Carny Hound, 11/62)


DUES ARE DUE

DUES are DUE!!!

Updated membership cards will be available at the February meeting. Annual membership dues are $10 per adult or $15 for 2 adults in the same household; $3 for junior members (ages 18 and under). Make checks payable to West Seattle Rock Club, Inc. Cash will also be accepted.

Audrey

——————————————–

Capping Stones

When capping stones, set them in a shallow dish of salt while the cement is drying. Salt packs better than sand and is easier to wash off.

(via Carny Hound, 5/10; via Carny Hound, 11/62)

——————————————–

Using Polishing and Buffing Wheels

There are a few little things we need to be aware of when polishing on diamond wheels and buffers. When using the buffing wheel to polish metal objects that have odd shapes, crosses are one of these, a buffing wheel, say, 6-8 inches can cause some problems. The outer rim of the buffer travels fast, this can cause the item to catch and fling it towards your chest, face, eyes. ALWAYS WEAR EYE PROTECTION! Some recommend using a 2-3 inch buffer which has less speed toward the outer edge.

(via The Tumbler, 11/10; via Golden Spike News, 7/10)

WIRE WRAPPING CLASSES

Wire Wrapping classes have been set for Saturday May 14 AND Sunday May 15. Edna Nelson of Ore-gon will be the lead instructor with classes held from 1 to 5 in the afternoon of May 14th, and from 11 to 3 on Sunday. We hope by having 2 days we will be able to accommodate everyone that has been asking for some wire wrapping instruction.

We should be able to take up to 8 adults per each ses-sion. If possible, bring your own tools (Ameritool will be at our show with supplies) and a 30 x 40 cabachon. Cabachons will be available at a nominal price from Steve Nelson and Lyle Vogelpohl if you don't have one. Wire will be available from Edna Nelson. Questions .... call me, Audrey Vogelpohl at 206-932-3292.


Phantoms: Ghosts of Crystals Past Look for phantoms—ghostly outlines of the crystals' former shapes—inside the quartz crystal. Tiny bubbles or mineral grains coated earlier crystal faces that stopped growing. When they started growing again, the coating was trapped.

Scepters Two periods of growth produced these quartz crystals called scepters. First, the slender pedestals grew. Later, top-heavy caps formed, making the crystals look like royal staffs. No one knows ex-actly what conditions cause scepters to form.

Twins

Crystal twins are groups of two or more crystals of the same mineral connected at pre-cise angles. The angles are controlled by the crystal's atomic structure. For example, in a common type of quartz twin, such as this one, the crystals join at 84° angles .

(via Maplewood News, 7/08; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, The Dynamic Earth –

www.mnh.si.edu/earth/text/2_2_2_3.html)

HOW CAN YOU HELP

Your Federation: Save stamps and give to our club treasurer.

Your Hobby: Join ALAA. - Contact Lyle Vogelpohl

Other: Volunteer to teach beginners what you are good at.

TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ...

Cabbing … contact Lyle Vogelpohl … (206) 932-3292

2011 FIELD TRIPS

Feb 19 Marysville Rock Club – Cedar Ponds – 9:00 @ Monroe, WA-Jack 'n Box – Red & Yellow Jasper – Dig & light hard rock – Christina Morrissey (425) 398-1300 [email protected]

Mar 26 Ellensburg Rock Club – Saddle Mtn – 9:00 @ Mattawa, WA-Harvest Foods – Petrified wood & common opal – Light & dig tools – Steve Townsend (509) 933-2236 [email protected]

—————————————————————————————————————

See WSMC http://www.mineralcouncil.org/index.htm for additional field trips and details

2011 SHOWS

Feb 26 10am-6pm Idaho Gem and Mineral Club Show

Feb 27 10am-5pm Expo Idaho, 5610 Glenwood Street, Boise, ID

Feb 26 10am-6pm Everett Rock & Gem 58th Annual Gem & Jewelry Show

Feb 27 10am-5pm Washington National Guard Armory, 2730 Oakes Avenue, Everett, WA

Mar 11 10am-6pm Tualatin Valley Gem Club 53rd Annual Rock and Mineral Show

Mar 12 10am-6pm Washington Fairgrounds, 873 NE 34th Ave, Hillsboro, OR

Mar 13 10am-5pm

Mar 26 10am-6pm Sweet Home Rock & Mineral Society – 63rd Annual Show (Featuring Fossils)

Mar 27 10am-5pm Sweet Home High School Activity Gym, 1641 Long St., Sweet Home, OR

Apr 1 8:30am-6pm Panorama Gem & Mineral Club

Apr 2 9am-5pm Fort Colville Grange Hall, Hwy 20, Colville, WA

—————————————————————————————————————

See the Northwest Newsletter for additional show listings and times.

Available online at: http://www.amfed.org/nfms/newslet2.htm


west seattle petroglyphs

Documents