Western Front- fortified line created after _____German__advance into France was halted. Between 1915 and 1917 a series of major offensives took place along this front. The attacks employed massive artillery bombardments and massed infantry advances. However, a combination of entrenchments, __Machine Gun__ nests, barbed wire, and other defenses, repeatedly inflicted severe casualties on the attackers. As a result, no significant advances were made during these assaults. A __Stailmate___!!

Trench Warfare-Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of _____________ dug into the ground, facing each other

Trench Warfare-Trench warfare is a form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of Fortifications dug into the ground, facing each other

Eastern Front- The Eastern Front refers to a theatre of war during World War I in Central and, primarily, _________________. The term is in contrast to the Western Front. Both terms refer to Continental Europe. Despite the geographical separation, the events in the two theaters strongly influenced each other. Length of the front in the East was much ___________than in the West thus not as much trench warfare.

Eastern Front- The Eastern Front refers to a theatre of war during World War I in Central and, primarily, Eastern Europe. The term is in contrast to the Western Front. Both terms refer to Continental Europe. Despite the geographical separation, the events in the two theaters strongly influenced each other. Length of the front in the East was much Longer than in the West thus not as much trench warfare.

War of Attrition- war based on wearing the _________________ by constant attacks and heavy losses

War of Attrition- war based on wearing the Other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses

Tanks- The fighting conditions on the Western Front prompted the British Army to begin research into a self-propelled vehicle which could cross trenches, crush barbed wire, and would be impervious to fire from machine-guns. ____________fighting Vehicle

Tanks- The fighting conditions on the Western Front prompted the British Army to begin research into a self-propelled vehicle which could cross trenches, crush barbed wire, and would be impervious to fire from machine-guns.

___Armored ___ Fighting

Vehicle

Air Warfare- Early in the war, canvas-and-wood aircraft were used primarily as _________________ vehicles. A major limitation was the early mounting of ____________ which was awkward due to the position of the propeller. Germany found a breakthrough solution.

Air Warfare- Early in the war, canvas-and-wood aircraft were used primarily as _Observation_____ vehicles. A major limitation was the early mounting of ____Machine gun__ which was awkward due to the position of the propeller. Germany found a breakthrough solution.

Machine gun- The first true machine gun was invented in 1883 by _____________. The ____________ used the recoil energy of the previously fired bullet to reload rather than being hand powered, Maxim's gun was widely adopted and derivative designs were used on __________ during the First World War. The design required less crew, was lighter, and more useable than earlier Gatling guns.

Machine gun- The first true machine gun was invented in 1883 by Hariem Maxim. The Maxim Gun used the recoil energy of the previously fired bullet to reload rather than being hand powered, Maxim's gun was widely adopted and derivative designs were used on All Sides during the First World War. The design required less crew, was lighter, and more useable than earlier Gatling guns.

Poison Gas- The use of poison gas in World War I was a major military innovation. The gases used ranged from tear gas to disabling chemicals such as mustard gas and killing agents like phosgene. The proportion of non-fatal casualties was _____and gas remained one of the soldiers' greatest _________

Poison Gas- The use of poison gas in World War I was a major military innovation. The gases used ranged from tear gas to disabling chemicals such as mustard gas and killing agents like phosgene. The proportion of non-fatal casualties was Low and gas remained one of the soldiers' greatest Fears

Zimmerman Telegram- Telegram sent to __________ asking them to attack the U.S. Brought the ________ in the war. The U.S. wanted to make the world safe for __________.

Zimmerman Telegram- Telegram sent to _Mexico_ asking them to attack the U.S. Brought the U.S. in the war. The U.S. wanted to make the world safe for Democracy.

Total War-Total war is a 20th century term to describe a war in which countries or nations use all of their __________to destroy another organized country's or nation's ability to engage in war. Almost the whole of Europe mobilized to conduct World War I. Young men were removed from production jobs, and were replaced by women. Rationing occurred on the home fronts.

Total War-Total war is a 20th century term to describe a war in which countries or nations use all of their Resources to destroy another organized country's or nation's ability to engage in war. Almost the whole of Europe mobilized to conduct World War I. Young men were removed from production jobs, and were replaced by women. Rationing occurred on the home fronts.

Planned Economies- ________________ decide how the economy is run.

Planned Economies- _the Government__

decides how the economy is run.

Russian Revolution- Caused because the people of Russia resented the autocracy of _______________. The losses that the Russians suffered during World War I further weakened Russia’s view of Nicholas II. Socially, tsarist Russia stood well ___________ the rest of Europe in its industry and farming, resulting in few opportunities for fair advancement on the part of peasants and industrial workers. Brought in ________________to Russia

Russian Revolution- Caused because the people of Russia resented the autocracy of ___Tsar Nicholas II _____. The losses that the Russians suffered during World War I further weakened Russia’s view of Nicholas II. Socially, tsarist Russia stood well __Behind___ the rest of Europe in its industry and farming, resulting in few opportunities for fair advancement on the part of peasants and industrial workers. Brought in ___Communism__to Russia

End of the War- The collapse of the ___________ came swiftly. Bulgaria was the first to sign an armistice (29 September 1918). The sailors of __________ High Seas Fleet mutinied starting 29 October. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated. On November 3, Austria-Hungary sent a flag of truce to the Italian Commander to ask terms. The Armistice with Austria was granted to take effect at three o'clock on the afternoon of November 4. Austria and Hungary signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the Habsburg monarchy and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the outbreak of the German Revolution, a republic was proclaimed on 9 November, marking the end of the monarchy. The Kaiser fled the next day to the neutral Netherlands, which granted him political asylum (see Weimar Republic for details).

End of the War- The collapse of the _Central Powers came swiftly. Bulgaria was the first to sign an armistice (29 September 1918). The sailors of German’s High Seas Fleet mutinied starting 29 October. On 30 October, the Ottoman Empire capitulated. On November 3, Austria-Hungary sent a flag of truce to the Italian Commander to ask terms. The Armistice with Austria was granted to take effect at three o'clock on the afternoon of November 4. Austria and Hungary signed separate armistices following the overthrow of the Habsburg monarchy and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Following the outbreak of the German Revolution, a republic was proclaimed on 9 November, marking the end of the monarchy. The Kaiser fled the next day to the neutral Netherlands, which granted him political asylum (see Weimar Republic for details).

Paris Peace Conference- The Paris Peace Conference of ______was a conference, organized by the _________ of World War I for negotiating the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and the defeated Central Powers. The following treaties were prepared at the Paris Peace Conference:

_____________(Treaty of Versailles, 1919, June 28, 1919), Austria (Treaty of Saint-Germain, September 10, 1919), ______________(Treaty of Neuilly, November 27, 1919), _______________ (Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920), and the Ottoman Empire (the Treaty of Lausanne, July 24, 1923).

Paris Peace Conference- The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a conference, organized by the victors of World War I for negotiating the peace treaties between the Allied and Associated Powers and the defeated Central Powers. The following treaties were prepared at the Paris Peace Conference:

_Germany (Treaty of Versailles, 1919, June 28, 1919), Austria (Treaty of Saint-Germain, September 10, 1919), _Bulgaria (Treaty of Neuilly, November 27, 1919), __Hungary____ (Treaty of Trianon, June 4, 1920), and the Ottoman Empire (the Treaty of Lausanne, July 24, 1923).

Treaty of Versailles- The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was the peace treaty which ______________ World War I between the ___________ and Germany. After ____ months of negotiations which took place at the Paris Peace Conference, the treaty was signed as a follow-up to the armistice signed in November 1918 in Compiègne Forest (which had put an end to the actual fighting). Although there were many agreements to the treaty, one of the more important and recognized agreements required that Germany accept ______________ for causing the war and, under the terms of articles 231-247, make _______________ to certain members of the Allies.

Treaty of Versailles- The Treaty of Versailles (1919) was the peace treaty which _Officaly ended_ World War I between the Allies and Germany. After __6_ months of negotiations which took place at the Paris Peace Conference, the treaty was signed as a follow-up to the armistice signed in November 1918 in Compiègne Forest (which had put an end to the actual fighting). Although there were many agreements to the treaty, one of the more important and recognized agreements required that Germany accept Responsibility for causing the war and, under the terms of articles 231-247, make Reparations to certain members of the Allies.

Legacy- ____ million people killed, incredible ________, entire populations participated in killing in the war, turmoil of the war caused __________ insecurity; old empires broke up into new countries with new______________. Normalcy no more and problem not fixed

Legacy- 10 million people killed, incredible Destruction, entire populations participated in killing in the war, turmoil of the war caused greater insecurity; old empires broke up into new countries with new problems. Normalcy no more and problem not fixed