The Consequences of Decisions in Westward

Expansion

• SS.8.A.4.1 - Examine the causes, course, and consequences of United States westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness (War of 1812, Convention of 1818, Adams- Onis ‐Treaty, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas annexation, Manifest Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican American War/Mexican Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Gadsden Purchase).

• http://www.c3teachers.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/NewYork_7_Westward_Migration.pdf

http://tinyurl.com/historymystery4

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Westward Expansion

Westward expansion through postage stamps. http://www.smithsoniansource.org/display/lessonplan/viewdetails.aspx?TopicId=1000&LessonPlanId=1017

Northwest Ordinance What were the decisions? What are future consequences?

Art. 1. No person shall be persecuted for their beliefs, including religion and choice of worship, in the area that they are choosing to live. Art. 2. Anyone living in one of the territories will still be allowed to their rights of trial by jury, search and seizure and all other measures that are allowed under the bill of rights to defending themselves. Art. 3. … schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians; their lands and property shall never be taken from them without their consent; and, in their property, rights, and liberty, they shall never be invaded or disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized by Congress… Art. 4. This territory, and the States which may be formed, shall forever remain a part of the United States of America… The navigable waters leading into the Mississippi and St. Lawrence, and the carrying places between the same; shall be common highways and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of the territory as to the citizens of the United States. Art. 6. There shall be no slavery in the territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been convicted.

Timeline: http://www.in.gov/history/images/nwmap.gif

Manifest Destiny

Louisiana Purchase 1803: Decisions and Economic Consequences

• Was it a benefit or a cost to the economy?

https://www.monticello.org/site/jefferson/louisiana-purchase http://thelouisianapurchasedbq.weebly.com/document-f.html

Lewis and Clark 1804: QR and Nickel ActivityWestward journey nickel serieshttps://www.usmint.gov/kids/teachers/lessonPlans/pdf/wjnsResourceGuide.pdf Describe each nickel and tell why the images were important to the expedition. For more primary sources:http://huntington.org/uploadedFiles/Files/PDFs/LHTHLewisClark.pdf https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/lewisandclark/

Embargo Act 1807: Economic Consequences

Problem: In 1805 France controlled much of Europe. Britain mastered the seas. Decision: Napoleon stopped British goods from being imported into Europe.What are the costs/benefits? What are future consequences of the decision?

Events Leading to Embargo Act

• 1805, France controlled land in Europe.

• England controlled the sea.

Napoleon decided to close ports to stop British goods

from export to Europe.

• 1806, Britain passed Orders in Council: U.S. ships must stop at British port before landing in other European port

Napoleon demanded seizure of any ship that landed in

Britain before Europe • This hurt U.S. economy so 1807 Jefferson passed Embargo Act that stopped imports and exports from U.S. ports

. Embargo shut down New England trade and left

South and West with unsold goods

What was the problem?What decision did they make?What were the future consequences?

Economic Consequences of Embargo ActWhat do you see? (consider ograbme as an anagram or reversgram) Another anagram was Mob rage.What do you think? Who does the man with the barrel represent? What is he trying to do? What country does the ship belong to? What is the ship waiting for?What do you wonder? Is this cartoon for or against the act?

Decision: Embargo Act passed in 1807 Consequences: Embargo shut down New England trade and left South and West with unsold goods so by 1808 illegal trade across U.S./Canada (not yet a country) border was rampant.

Want were the impacts of the Embargo Act on trade?

More War of 1812 documents http://neh.niagara.edu/assets/docs/DBQ-Documents.pdf

War of 1812

Resources for Kids: https://www.nps.gov/subjects/warof1812/for-kids.htmMore primary source docs: http://neh.niagara.edu/assets/docs/DBQ-Documents.pdf http://www.ehsfaculty.org/history/tsmith/Site/student_created_DBQS_files/Sorensen%20DBQ%20Project%20War%20of%201812.pdf

Monroe DoctrinePresident Monroe Enforces The Monroe Doctrine – 1823 President James Monroe boldly proclaimed The Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization. If Europe observed this, The U.S. would not intervene in Europe’s affairs.

“ . . . the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain . . . Henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers . . .” President Monroe’s message to Congress, December 2, 1823

https://multimedialearning.org/FreeDownloads/2010/MonroeDoctrineCartoons.pdf

Adams Onis Treaty 1821

https://www.polk-fl.net/staff/teachers/tah/documents/floridaflavor/lessons/B-9.pdf Treaty http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/ccbn/dewitt/adp/archives/documents/adams_oniz_treaty.html https://www.floridamemory.com/blog/2012/07/17/9-the-united-states-formally-takes-control-of-florida/

Florida: East and West

• FCIT Passage at grade level:• http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/cur.htm#transfer• FCIT Floripedia Secondary Source from 1905:

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/f/florterr.htm• St. Augustine under three flags timeline

http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/docs/s/satimeln.htm )

Castillo de San Marcos FCIT

http://etc.usf.edu/nps/ibooks/ Castillo de San MarcosRead ibooks on pc http://www.startribune.com/how-to-read-itunes-books-on-your-pc/160428925/ https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/readium/fepbnnnkkadjhjahcafoaglimekefifl?hl=en-US Pg. 7 Interactive timeline, Pg. 99 Manifest Destiny

Texas Annexation (image 1844)

Oregon Treaty 1846• What was the problem?• What choices did they

have?• What were the

benefits?• What were the costs?• What were the future

consequences?

https://www.loc.gov/law/help/us-treaties/bevans/b-gb-ust000012-0095.pdf https://research.archives.gov/id/299808

Mexican American War: 1846-48

Discuss the causes and effects (consequences) of Polk’s decision to go to war with Mexico.• What was the problem (why

did they fight the war)?• What choices did they have?• What were the benefits of

going to war?• What were the costs of going

to war?• What were the future

consequences?https://educators.brainpop.com/bp-topic/mexican-american-war/ http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/mexican-americans/pdf/teacher_guide.pdf

Trail of Tears 1828 . . .

http://florida.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/akh10.socst.ush.exp.trail/trail-of-tears/ National Park Service Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LSkfmCj8Jg and exhibits https://www.nps.gov/trte/learn/historyculture/exhibits.htm https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/immigration/native_american2.html http://www.polk-fl.net/staff/teachers/tah/documents/turningpoints/documentquestions/b-TrailofTears-Woolwine.pdf

Decision-omicsWhat was the problem?What choices did they have?What were the benefits the decision?What were the costs?What were the future consequences?

California Gold Rush 1848 Letters

• What new information did you learn by reading these documents?

• How were the people in the letters different from what you'd imagined?

• How much do the letters talk about gold? What else is discussed?

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goldrush/peopleevents/e_goldrush.htmlhttp://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/calendar-activities/gold-discovered-california-1848-20403.html

ReadWriteThink Letter Generator to create your own letter.

Missouri Compromise: 1820 Choices: Free vs. Slave

What were costs/benefits of choices?What was the decision? What were future consequences?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JTSbn5cE4LA

Compromise of 1850: Overturned Missouri Compromise

http://www.ushistory.org/us/30d.asp

Gadsden Purchase: 1853-54What were the costs/benefits?

President Franklin Pierce sent James Gadson, the U.S. Minister to Mexico, with points of negotiation and a big budget:• Offer Mexico up to $50 million for

California and $15 million for part of northern Mexico that U.S. wanted for railroad.

• Santa Anna refused to sell California but gave up part of Mexico’s northern territory

• The U.S. agreed to protect Mexico from Native American attacks.

• Mexico agreed to no longer hold them financially liable for damages.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjor2oPV0Ho

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854: InteractiveChoices: Free vs. Slave What were costs/benefits of choices?

What was the decision? What were future consequences?

TED ED Video http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-legislation-that-birthed-the-republican-party-ben-labaree-jr