GCSE GEOGRAPHY

WESTWARD HO!FIELDTRIP

October 15th 2010

South Molton Community College ~ Department of Geography

OCR GCSE GEOGRAPHY

SDME – 25%

FIELDWORK INVESTIGATION – 15%(1200 words)

GEOGRAPHICAL INVESTIGATION – 10%

GEOGRAPHY EXAM – 50%

SETTING THE SCENE

WHAT IS OUR MAIN QUESTION?

WHAT ARE OUR KEY QUESTIONS?

WHERE IS OUR STUDY AREA?(Location map(s), written description)

WHAT ARE OUR INTENDED OUTCOMES?

HOW DOES THE FIELDWORK RELATE TO OUR SCHEMEOF WORK?

WHAT COASTAL PROCESSES WILL WE STUDY?

WHAT BACKGROUND CAN WE RESEARCH?

SETTING THE SCENE MIND MAP

Westward Ho! Fieldtrip

Setting the Scene

COASTAL PROCESSES

MAIN QUESTION

STUDY AREA INTENDED OUTCOMES

LINKS TO WORK SCHEMES

KEY QUESTIONS

BACKGROUNDRESEARCH

HOW AND WHYHOW AND WHYDO COASTAL FEATURESDO COASTAL FEATURES

VARY IN THEVARY IN THEWESTWARD HO!WESTWARD HO!

AREA?AREA?

MAIN QUESTION:

HOW AND WHY DO COASTAL FEATURESVARY IN THE WESTWARD HO! AREA?

KEY QUESTIONS

# WHAT IS THE ENVIRONMENT AROUND WESTWARD HO! LIKE? - What physical features are found in this area? - What human features are found in this area?

# WHAT COASTAL PROCESSES ARE TAKING PLACE IN THE W’WARD HO! AREA? - What wave patterns can be identified in this area? - What landforms have been created by erosion? - What evidence can we collect to prove that landforms have been created or modified by erosion?# WHAT ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS HAVE BEEN EMPLOYED TO DEFEND THE WESTWARD HO! COASTLINE? - What methods of coastal defence can be identified in this area? - How effective are coastal defence solutions in this area?

# HOW & WHY DOES THE PEBBLE RIDGE CHANGE AS YOU TRAVEL NORTH? - What evidence can we find to prove that longshore drift is taking place here? - What measurements can we collect to describe the shape of the pebble ridge?

# WHAT WILL THIS PART OF THE COASTLINE LOOK LIKE IN THE FUTURE? - How serious is the threat of flooding in this area? - Will a policy of ‘managed retreat’ change the appearance of this area?

WHERE IS OUR STUDY LOCATION?

WHERE ISOUR STUDYLOCATION?

WHERE IS OUR STUDY LOCATION?

HOW DOES THE FIELDWORKRELATE TO THE OCRSCHEME OF WORK?

Four Key Exam Themes1 Rivers and Coasts2 Population and Settlement3 Natural Hazards4 Economic Development

Four Key Exam Themes1 Rivers and Coasts2 Population and Settlement3 Natural Hazards4 Economic Development

WAVE ACTION – fetch, swash & backwash, constructive & destructive waves

COASTAL EROSION – methods of erosion, cliffs, mass movement, wave cut platforms,

headlands & bays, caves, arches & stacks

COASTAL DEPOSITION – longshore drift, beaches, spits, bars, tombolos & salt marshes

COASTAL MANAGEMENT – hard & soft engineering

WHAT COASTAL PROCESSESWILL WE STUDY?

WAVE ACTION & FETCH

PROCESS OF EROSION

PROCESS OF LONGSHORE DRIFT

COASTAL MANAGEMENT

WAVE ACTION

SWASH and BACKWASH

• Waves are created by the wind. As the wind drags down on the surface of the sea, water is forced around in a circular motion. • When the water depth shallows, water cannot complete its full circle, and the wave breaks.• Water runs up the beach as SWASH, and returns (by gravity) to the sea as BACKWASH.

CONSTRUCTIVE WAVES – have a stronger swashand build up the coast

DESTRUCTIVE WAVES – have a stronger backwashand destroy the coast

STORM WAVESThe stronger the wind, thebigger the waves. The biggerthe waves, the more energythey have.

FETCH

The area ofopen waterover whichwind blows is known as

FETCH.

FETCH

CORRASION (ABRASION) – is caused by largewaves hurling beach material against a cliff

HYDRAULIC ACTION – is the force of wavescompressing air in cracks in a cliff

SOLUTION (CORROSION) – is when salts andother acids in seawater slowly dissolves a cliff

ATTRITION – is when waves cause rocks andboulders to collide and break up into smallerparticles

PROCESS OF EROSION

CORRASION CORRASION (ABRASION) – is caused by large waves hurling beach material against a cliff

HYDRAULICACTION

HYDRAULIC ACTION – is the force of waves

compressing air in cracks in a cliff

CLIFFS

CLIFFCOLLAPSE

WAVE CUT PLATFORMS

Longshore Drift Sediment is TRANSPORTEDalong the coastline by wave action.

Features Created By Longshore Drift - Spits

Spurn Head

There are two different approaches used to defend against

coastal erosion and flooding:

• HARD ENGINEERING• SOFT ENGINEERING

WHY PROTECT OUR COASTS?

• Many coastlines in developed countries are heavily populated• Many coastlines provide income from industries like tourism & fishing• Many coastlines have high land values• Many coastlines are prone to erosion and flooding• Many coastlines are fragile natural environments easily damaged by people

HARD ENGINEERING

Hard engineering is:• SHORT TERM• NOT SUSTAINABLE in the long term• EXPENSIVE• UGLY• In need of CONSTANT MAINTENANCE• Often responsible for PROBLEMS FURTHER DOWN THE COAST

THERE ARE FIVE MAIN

HARD ENGINEERING DEFENCES:

GROYNES SEA WALLS REVETMENTS GABIONS SEA ARMOUR

GROYNES

Groynes are wooden structures placed at right angles to the coast wherelongshore drift occurs. They reduce movement of material along the coast, and hold the beach in place. This protects cliffs from erosion andprotects low areas from flooding.

COST = £6000 each!

SEA WALLS

Sea walls DEFLECT (not absorb) wave energy, protecting beaches fromerosion and low areas from flooding. Waves can erode sea walls and cause collapse.

COST = £2000 per metre!

GABIONS

Gabions are steel mesh cages containing boulders. The rocks absorbsome of the wave energy and reduce erosion. They are cheap, but ugly!

SEA ARMOUR

Sea armour consists of large boulders piled on the beach where erosionis likely. They are cheap but ugly. Even these large rocks can be movedor undermined by wave action.

BACKGROUND RESEARCHMAPSwww.multimap.co.ukwww.ordnancesurvey.co.ukwww.mappy.comwww.earth.google.comhttp://digimapforschools.edina.ac.uk (User name: EX364LA Password: aerugx88)

COASTSwww.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/coastalhttp://getrevising.co.uk..www.geographyfieldwork.com/GeographyVocabularyGCSECoastshttp://www.geographyalltheway.com/igcse_geography/natural_environments/marine_processes/igcse_coasts.htmhttp://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/geography.html

WESTWARD HO!http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westward_Ho!http://www.ussher.org.uk/journal/80s/1989/documents/Keene_1989.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Devon_Coast

IF YOU HAVE ANY OTHER USEFUL SITES—LET US ALL KNOW!

COLLECTING THE DATA

WHAT DAT COLLECTION METHODS WILL WE USE?