wetland-hydric soils 4 upper valley planning comm 111012 fin
TRANSCRIPT
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Basics of Wetland Identification & Hydric Soil Properties for Town Officials & Planners
Joe Homer November 10, 2012
Upper Valley Lake Sunapee Regional Planning Commission
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Are You Sure This
Is a Wetland ?
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Wetland Information …..
doesn’t have to be scary!
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Wetlands
~ Not to Get Too Technical
~ Define Wetland
~ Wetland Concept
~ Terminology (get to know the lingo)
~ Develop a Web Soil Survey Map & Report
~ Briefly Discuss Functionality
~ Questions & Answers
GOALS for Today’s Presentation
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Wetland Basics
for NH Landowners and Town Officials
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Hydric Soils Basics
for NH Landowners and Town Officials
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Wetland Benefits Flood Control - natural sponge Fish and Wildlife Habitat Hunting and Fishing Opportunities Boating & Recreation - our last true wilderness areas Water Quality - purify water by processing nutrients,
sediment and pollutants Aquifer Recharge Water Availability - Absorb water during wet times &
slowly release during dry times Erosion Control - absorb impact from wave action Natural Buffers - separate land uses to create diversity
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Wetland ~ Defined
Wetlands are those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal conditions do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, forested wetlands and similar areas.
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How are Wetlands Identified ?
For Federal and most state jurisdictional purposes, the determination / delineation must be carried out using the “Federal Manual for Identifying and Delineating Jurisdictional Wetlands”. This delineation is aimed at determining the precise location of the wetland/upland boundary based on field indicators of ………………...……
…..vegetation, soils, & hydrology.
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The Wetlands Manual
(1987)
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The Wetlands Manual
2012
Regional
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Regionalized for NE and N. Central
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Wetlands Come in Different Flavors
Very Wettest, … … … Transitional to Upland
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Wetland Identification Criteria
Three Parameters
Hydrology - drives the system (not always apparent)
Vegetation - reflection of the hydrology (easily altered)
Soils - provide a permanent record of the hydrology
Must Meet All Three to Be a WETLAND
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HYDROLOGY Primary Hydrologic Indicators - one of the following
Visual observation of inundation (saturation, ponding) High Water Table – within 12" of the surface Saturation - of soil within 12" of the surface Watermarks Sediment deposition Drift lines Iron Deposits Water-stained leaves Oxidized root channels w/in 12" of the soil surface
Secondary Hydrologic Indicators - 2 or more needed Drainage patterns Stunted or stressed plants Geomorphic Position Saturation visible on aerial imagery FAC neutral test ( vegetation adapted to wet and dry conditions)
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Saturation & Ponding
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Saturation of Soil within 12" of the Surface
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Water Marks / Sedimentation
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Indicators of Hydrology ~ Driftlines
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Indicators of Hydrology ~ Primary
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VEGETATION Criteria - dominated by plants adapted to growing in wet conditions
(hydrophytes)
Evaluated in 3 strata Herb (less than 1 meter tall) Sapling or shrub (less than 3”DBH, greater than 1 meter tall) Tree (3” or more in DBH)
Plant Categorization Obligate Wetland Plants (OBL) - occur in wetland >99% of the time Facultative Wetland Plants (FACW) - occur in wetland 67 - 99% of the time Facultative Plants (FAC) - occur in wetland 34 - 66% of the time Facultative Upland Plants (FACU) - occur in wetland 1 - 33% of the time Obligate Upland Plants (UPL) - occur in wetland <1% of the time
Plant morphology Buttressed trees Adventitious roots Shallow root systems ( Wind throw)
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3 Strata – Herb, Sapling, Tree
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Vegetation Sampling
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HYDRIC ~ SOILS
Hydric Soils Criteria - formed under conditions of saturation, flooding or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part, (6" sandy soils, 12" other soils).
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the US, Version 7, 2010
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Wetland Identification Criteria (review)
Three Parameters
Hydrology - drives the system (not always apparent)
Vegetation - reflection of the hydrology (easily altered)
Soils - provide a permanent record of the hydrology
Must Meet All Three to Be a WETLAND
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Water Table & Soil Drainage
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Depletions
Depletions
Concentrations
Concentrations
Mottles or Redoximorphic Features
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Soil Color
Munsell Soil Color Book
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Hue - 7.5YR
Munsell Soil Color
7.5 YR 3/4
Value ---------- 3 Chroma ---------- 4
To Record Soil Color
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A Few Basics for using the Hydric Soil Indicators
The NTCHS defines a hydric soil as, a soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part.
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Hydric Soils
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So What’s Driving
this Change?
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Version 7.0 (2010)
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils
in the United States
for use in LRR “R”
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Field Indicators for use in LRR “R”
The Indicators are designed to be regionally specific.
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Developed for 23 Regions
44 page Document
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One Page Cheat Sheet for Region R
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One Page Cheat Sheet for Region R
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Loamy soils
Interior F2
Boundary F3, F6, F7, F8, F12
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the US
All soils
Interior A1, A2, A3, A4, A12
Boundary A5, A11
Land Resource Region “R”
Sandy soils
Interior S1, S3, S4, S8
Boundary S5, S6, S7, S9
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Very Wet
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A1. Histosol A1. Histosol (for use in all LRRs) Classifies as a Histosol (except Folist). User Notes: In a Histosol, 40 cm (16 inches) or more of the upper 80 cm (32 inches) is organic soil material. Organic soil materials have an organic carbon content (by weight) of 12 to 18 percent, or more, depending on the clay content of the soil.
These materials include muck (sapric soil material), mucky peat (hemic soil material), and peat (fibric soil material).
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Transitional to Upland
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A11. Depleted Below Dark Surface A11. Depleted Below Dark Surface.
A layer with a depleted or gleyed matrix that has 60 or more percent chroma of 2 or less, starting within 30 cm (12 inches) of the soil surface, and having a minimum thickness of either: a. 15 cm (6 inches), or b. 5 cm (2 inches) if the 5 cm consists of fragmental soil material. Loamy or clayey layer(s) above the depleted or gleyed matrix must have value of 3 or less and chroma of 2 or less. Any sandy material above the depleted or gleyed matrix must have value of 3 or less and chroma of 1 or less, and at least 70 percent of the visible soil particles must be covered, coated, or similarly masked with organic material.
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Forested Wetlands
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Forested Wetlands
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Forested Wetlands
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YES! It’s A
Hydric Soil ?
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Vernal Pools
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Soil Mapping Information, ….
…..for Your Area of Interest
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NRCS has transitionied from hard copy county soil
survey reports,
Web Soil Survey is the method for distributing soils
information.
County Web Soil Survey
Soil Data Mart
NH homepage
Belknap County (see MBSS) (see MBSS) Attribute only
Carroll County Yes Yes Attribute only
Carroll Update Yes Yes No
Cheshire County Yes Yes Attribute only
Coos County Area Yes Yes Attribute only
Grafton County Area Yes Yes Attribute only
Hillsborough East Yes Yes Attribute only
Hillsborough West Yes Yes Attribute only
Merrimack County (see MBSS) (see MBSS) Attribute only
Rockingham County Yes Yes Attribute only
Strafford County Yes Yes Attribute only
Strafford Update No No No
Sullivan County Yes Yes Attribute only
MBSS Update Yes Yes Attribute only
WMNF No No No
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NRCS Soil Data Storage
Soil Data Warehouse
Web Soil Survey Soil Data Mart “The Official Copy”
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Create Customized
Report for
Your Area of
Interest !
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www.nh.nrcs.usda.gov
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Web Soil Survey – Opening Page
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Create Your AOI
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Final Extent for AOI
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Soil Map for AOI
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Review Interpretive Map for Your Report
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Data for Your Interpretive Map
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Create An Interpretive Map for Your Report
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Legend for Interpretive Map
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Develop an Interpretive Report
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Is Your Wetland Healthy & Functioning ?
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Wetlands Come in Different Flavors
What’s the Functionality of Your Wetland?
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So, What are Wetland Functions? Functions are self-sustaining properties of a wetland
ecosystem that exist in the absence of society.
Functions result from both living and non-living components of a specific wetland.
These include all processes necessary for the self-maintenance of the wetland ecosystem such as primary production and nutrient cycling.
Therefore, functions relate to the ecological significance of wetland properties without regard to subjective human values.
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Methods to Assess Functionality
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative & Qualitative
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Methods to Assess
Functionality
Qualitative
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Methods to Assess
Functionality Quantitative &
Qualitative
The title change reflects a fundamental shift in the method. The 2010 revised edition allows both comparative and single wetland evaluation. The NH Method can be used to evaluate individual wetlands, as well as evaluating multiple wetlands in town or watershed (comparative evaluation). Note that the NH Method is not an impact assessment method.
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Qualitative
Can Be Somewhat Subjective
1. Ecological Integrity 2. Wetland Wildlife Habitat 3. Finfish Habitat 4. Educational Potential 5. Visual/Aesthetic Quality 6. Water Based Recreation 7. Flood Control Potential 8. Ground Water Use Potential 9. Sediment Trapping 10. Nutrient Attenuation 11. Dissipation of Erosive Forces 12. Urban Quality of Life 13. Historical Site Potential 14. Noteworthiness
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Quantitative
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Quantitative
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Quantitative &
Qualitative
Twofold approach to identifying wetland functions.
Incorporates both wetland science and human judgment of values.
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What wetland functions and values are considered ?
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE/DISCHARGE FLOODFLOW ALTERATION (Storage) FISH AND SHELLFISH HABITAT SEDIMENT/TOXICANT/PATHOGEN RETENTION NUTRIENT REMOVAL/RETENTION/TRANSFORMATION PRODUCTION EXPORT (Nutrient – production of food or usable products) SEDIMENT/SHORELINE STABILIZATION WILDLIFE HABITAT RECREATION EDUCATIONAL/SCIENTIFIC VALUE UNIQUENESS/HERITAGE VISUAL QUALITY/AESTHETICS THREATENED or ENDANGERED SPECIES HABITAT
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• NRCS has the soils information
& expertise to give you what you need, with the appropriate
amount of detail
• NRCS is not regulatory
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Love Your Soil , … & Wetlands !!!
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? QUESTIONS ?
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www.nh.nrcs.usda.gov
For More Information Contact:
Joe Homer Assistant State Soil Scientist [email protected]
603-788-3818 ext 101
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USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.